Mobilita mezi zaměstnaností a nezaměstnaností u starších pracovníků v ČR

Author(s): Lada Železná,Martin Kreidl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

There is a sharp discrepancy between the emphasis being placed on active ageing and labour market participation in older age and the high unemployment rates observed among older workers. Cross-sectional data in the Czech Republic consistently present evidence of job insecurity and employment vulnerability in older age groups. Aggregated data and statistical indices do not, however, offer a sufficiently detailed picture of the social processes (e.g. exit from the labour market, duration of unemployment, and exit from unemployment) behind the numbers. This article takes a dynamic look at the position of older workers in the labour market by investigating transitions between employment and unemployment using a sub-sample of older workers (50 year and over) from the Czech EU-SILC, who were interviewed repeatedly in a panel survey between 2004 and 2009. The authors use survival analysis methods to study the time-dependence of transitions into and out of unemployment and both with and without covariates. The results suggest that older workers are not at a higher risk of exiting the labour market (compared to other age groups), but once they are unemployed, their odds of getting back into employment are significantly lower. Even when controls (such as education level) are included in the model this disadvantage persists. Interestingly, while education generally protects people from labour market exit, this protective effect is weaker among older workers.

PROBLEMATIKA SKONČENÍ PRACOVNÍHO POMĚRU U FUNKCIONÁŘŮ ODBOROVÝCH ORGANIZACÍ A SOUVISEJÍCÍ OTÁZKY

Author(s): Jakub Oliva / Language(s): Czech Issue: Suppl.1/2016

The aim of the paper is to outline function of trade union organization in the light of possible bullying law enforcement issues. The paper is focused on the moment when trade union organization is created and the consequent inability to give notice of termination or immediate termination of an employment relationship by the employer with functionaries of the trade union organization. Part of the contribution is also an outline of solution for employers who face the issue of purposely established trade unions.

Państwo podziemne

Author(s): Łukasz Najder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 784/2020

Trade unions in CEE and SEE. Modernisation or sinking into insignificance?

Author(s): Jochen Tholen / Language(s): English Issue: Spec 7/2019

This article focuses on trade unions as important stakeholders in the system of labour relations in the countries of Central East and Southeast Europe, namely Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia – now North Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo. Our hypothesis is that the development of trade unions in these regions, with their traditional company-centred organisation (syndicalism), is embedded in a discrete Central Eastern and South Eastern European type of neo-liberal economy. The cleavage of the EU in the East and West goes far beyond labour relations and the development of trade unions and determines other societal fields as well. This empirical evidence comes from a multi-level evaluation of a prolonged consultancy project (1998–2013) involving German, Dutch, European and global trade unions and political foundations and aimed at modernising selected trade unions in the CEE and SEE countries. Beyond the necessary analysis of documents, 92 expert interviews with trade unionists, representatives of employers’ associations and politicians were carried out between 2009 and 2013. The results were presented and discussed in five regional conferences involving different country groupings; these discussions influenced the final results by way of a reflexive process. In summary, because of the faltering process of modernising trade unions in these regions, the trade unions are endangered and may sink into insignificance.

Public works in Hungary: Actors, allocation mechanisms and labour market mobility effects

Author(s): György Molnár,Balázs Bazsalya,Lajos Bódis,Judit Kálmán / Language(s): English Issue: Spec 7/2019

This paper reviews the past 10 years of the Hungarian public works system in an international context. It describes changes in the system of public works over time, its various forms, its regional allocation mechanisms and the decision-making and planning process. In that respect, it explores the motivations of the key players, including the central planner, the employment service and the municipalities, as well as their interactions. The analysis is based on interviews conducted in the competent ministries, at national public works providers, the county and district offices of the public employment system and municipalities on one hand, and quantitative data analyses on the entire public works database for the period of 2011-2014, on the other hand. Originally intended to be a labour market policy tool, public works programmes assumed more significant social and municipality management functions, partly because of the extraordinary expansion of their volume. None of their functions performs adequately in the regulatory environment developed; however, they play a key role in mitigating social tensions in disadvantaged rural areas. The planning and regional allocation mechanisms of public works are in many ways similar to the planning procedure of state socialism and provide scope for the of plan bargaining, based on information asymmetry. As a result, this mechanism creates impacts different from the stated objectives in some respects. The most disadvantaged municipalities thus have proportionately fewer public works participants than would be expected based on the number of long-term unemployed. The system of public works has had a considerable impact on local power structures and transformed the functions of mayors. The responsibility for tackling labour market problems was transferred from the competent employment services to municipalities without expertise, which also had a negative impact on the Public Employment Service.

CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OF INCOME AND CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Author(s): Mihail Ciobanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

As is generally known, usually the households with children have some peculiarities that differentiate them from the households with no children. The presence and the dependent status of children from their parents or other significant adults in their households determine changes in the level and the structure of disposable income and consumption expenditure in the households. Republic of Moldova like other countries as well was affected by the so-called COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper the peculiarities of the current situation of households with children in Moldova are emphasized and analyzed based on their disposable income and consumption expenditure, using as a source of the statistical data the National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova. Also, in the view of recent research on COVID-19 consequences, are outlined the prospects of the situation of households with children in Moldova.

Employee Motivation: An Indian Perspective

Author(s): Laxmi Rani,Vibhuti Tyagi,Madhu Arora / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Motivation is the driving force which stimulates an individual to take action and sustains that behaviour. In the initial stage, only money was considered as a factor of motivation but there are many other factors also which motivates the individuals. The importance of these factors of motivation varies from person to person. Some people prefer financial factors while some people prefer non-financial factor. Present research aimed at identifying preference of factors affecting motivation of employees working in various Indian Enterprises and impact of demographic factors on the factors of motivation. Study was conducted with the help of questionnaire for this research. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: Part (A) and Part (B). The questionnaire was prepared on the basis of ten factors of motivation, Participants were asked to give the ranking to the factors of motivation on the basis of their importance. Relationship between motivational factors and demographic variables were established with the help of T test and ANOVA. The motivating factors were taken with the help of literature review. This research is supposed to provide useful directions to managers and other policy makers in developing employee motivation policies.

OPTIMIZATION OF MODELLING OF SUPPORT SCAFFOLDING

Author(s): Remigijus KALIASAS,Jovita KAUPIENĖ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Recently, there has been a shortage of manpower, especially in the construction sector; therefore, innovative solutions and technologies are being looked at in this area in order to alleviate and reduce the issues related to the shortage of manpower during the construction work. In case of the construction of bridges and/or industrial buildings, the main structures are high, and scaffolding is required to support them, the erection of which is labour-intensive and is very time-consuming. Until recently, scaffolding supporting loads in construction work have been selected according to the manufacturer's recommendations and are installed on site with great reserve. 3D modelling applications can provide a better understanding of the "behaviour" of scaffolding when exposed to external influences. In this work, a 3D model is created using the LayPLAN software package for AutoCAD. Calculations performed by the structural calculation computer program Dlubal Rstab to determine the first member that loses stability (stumbling) and the initial compressible part of the frame system are presented. The article demonstrates that changing the design of a scaffold structure while maintaining stability can significantly reduce labour costs and time.

Skill Choice, Brain Drain, and Variety of Goods: Innovation in the Core Periphery Model

Author(s): I-Chun Chen,Tomoru Hiramatsu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

People judge whether they want to be high-skilled workers by considering the economic returns and the effort required to skill. This study considers two regions: an advanced industrial region, where high-skilled workers increase the variety of goods through innovation, and an underdeveloped region where innovation does not occur. Here, workers become high-skilled, considering regions of origin and potential abilities. Numerical simulations show that the proportion of high-skilled workers reacts in an inverted U-shape, as the variety of goods increases. When the variety of goods is small, the ratio of high-skilled workers in the developed regions is higher than that in the underdeveloped regions; as it increases, the proportion of high-skilled workers born in both regions increase. The proportion of high-skilled workers born in developed regions eventually declines; however, it increases in the underdeveloped regions. As the variety of goods increases, the proportion of high-skilled workers decreases in the underdeveloped regions.

Ćwiczenia z odśnieżania

Author(s): Anna Mateja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 802/2022

Wielka rezygnacja

Author(s): Kamil Fejfer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 802/2022

Regionálny sociálny dialóg na Slovensku − stav a vývoj z pohľadu jeho aktérov

Author(s): Monika Čambáliková,Monika Uhlerová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

The article examines the current situation and development of regional social dialogue in Slovakia via a questionnaire survey and semi-standardised interviews with the various relevant actors. We compared data obtained from research conducted in 2020 with the results of a similar survey conducted in 1999. The research results point to the persistence of barriers that prevent the more effective functioning of regional social dialogue: a low level of civic participation at the local and regional levels; the weakness of regional social partnership structures; the weakening of the position of the various social partners (especially the trade unions and domestic employers) and their structures at the regional level; the unclear definition of the content, actors, competencies, responsibilities, relationships, model of construction and functioning, financing and management of regional social dialogue and its linkage to the central social dialogue level; as well as the absence of political will (including on the part of elected representatives of the various self-governing regions). On the other hand, regional social dialogue provides social partners in Slovakia with the opportunity to participate in the creation and implementation of various strategies, development programmes and regional development projects, as well as the opportunity to express and defend the interests of the social groups they represent.

Unemployment in the Area of Construction of the Turkestan-Siberian Railroad

Author(s): Lashyn Abdildinova,Nazym Kassymova,Kulimkoz Santayeva,Albina Abdildanova,Zhadyra Kalelova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

It is important to underline the relevance and role of the Turkish railroad construction in the early twentieth century, one of the most ambitious transport projects of those times. It was a unique project which connected Asia and Siberia. From the beginning of the construction of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway (Turksib), controversy began with construction and the labour force. This study explores the characteristics of the construction of Turksib with a focus on labour migration and labour law. The article deals with the archival materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of this study will be useful as a basis for further research into the regions’ demographics and the characteristics of railroads and construction employment.

LABOUR MARKET MOBILITY IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN HUNGARY

Author(s): Katinka Bajkai-Tóth,Judit Garamvölgyi,Viktória Őri,,Ildikó Rudnák / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In this study, we examine the labour market of the public and private sectors, as well as the willingness to move from one to another based on specific factors, such as age or working position. Our research concerns the Hungarian labour market. It is important to determine the reasons behind employees deciding to switch from one sector to the other, as these two areas hold significantly different expectations and characteristics. In the literature review, we explore the characteristics of the two sectors separately, determine which factors are attractive and repulsive, followed by a comparison of them. We examine the expectations young graduates have towards employers, as well as which priorities have been showing an ever-increasing tendency. It is interesting to explore which areas young graduates imagine their futures in the most, as this may not correspond to where they can actually find employment. There are some cases where they use one sector to gain experience, only to accept a job in the other environment at the right moment. A properly established employer brand is important to young people, which may encompass internal, organizational and external labour market expectations, such as to establish a proper internal value system, offer a career path and ensure satisfaction. An organization recognizes what it can do to be desirable to the labour market and attract the professionally trained employees it needs as a result. As part of the empirical research, survey respondents from both sectors evaluated multiple positive workplace characteristics. During our research, we discovered discrepancies compared to our sector-specific ranking of leading characteristics. The typical features that received the highest evaluations served as feedback to employers and HR managers on what to pay attention to and how to improve upon these areas within their means. The study examines cases wherein the influencing factors that motivate employees during job selection can be determined.

WSPÓŁPRACA MIĘDZY PUBLICZNYMI SŁUŻBAMI ZATRUDNIENIA A AGENCJAMI ZATRUDNIENIA W ZAKRESIE REALIZACJI POLITYKI RYNKU PRACY

Author(s): Dorota Przeklasa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2021

This paper addresses the issue of cooperation between public employment services and employment agencies in the implementation of labour market policy in Poland. After a general description of these labour market institutions, the legal framework and forms of carried out cooperation between them are presented, and – based on the results of research and reports – the current areas of cooperation are identified, indicating possible directions for its development. The paper searches for the answers for two fundamental questions: 1. What is the nature of the relationship between public employment services and employment agencies? 2. To what extent does this relationship (cooperation/competition) affect the effectiveness of activities, or how can the cooperation of these entities be strengthened?

MASS-MEDIA ȘI EXPRIMĂRILE AGRAMATE

Author(s): N. Grigorie Lăcrița / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 56/2023

The mass media, in addition to being a source of information, must also function as an institution of public utility, an important role of which is to contribute as much as possible to the correct use of the Romanian language. This is all the more so as it is frequently found that both in everyday life and in the mass media there are reckless, ungrammatical expressions, of which in this article I will give some examples.

S-A DUS BUCURIA DIN INIMILE NOASTRE, PRIN UNELE DIN TRISTELE EMISIUNI MUZICALE DE LA RADIO

Author(s): N. Grigorie Lăcrița / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 56/2023

The pain of losing some heritage values, such as those related to the traditions and customs of the Romanian people, has the impact of uprooting. And when it comes to music, especially the songs and carols of the holy holidays, the disappointment is huge, it is equivalent to the tragic defeat, to the mournful echo of the loss of a war.

ȘTIRI FALSE (FAKE NEWS) DESPRE RESCRIEREA BIBLIEI, ÎN SPECIAL A VECHIULUI TESTAMENT

Author(s): N. Grigorie Lăcrița / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 56/2023

The Internet is overloaded with information of the „fake news” type, of „false news”, because of which people get confused, they don’t know what is real news and what is fake news. One such fake news, which caused and still causes a stir on dozens of websites, including Orthodox ones, is the one according to which „Pope Francis wants to cancel the Bible”.

CONSULTAREA MAI MULTOR OPINII MEDICALE SPECIALIZATE POATE SALVA SĂNĂTATEA ȘI CHIAR VIAȚA

Author(s): N. Grigorie Lăcrița / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 56/2023

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the fact that a person should never rely on a single diagnosis because consulting several specialized medical opinions can save his health and even his life.

IERARHIA SOCIALĂ DE VÂRF S-A TRANSFORMAT ÎNTR-O OLIGARHIE DISCREŢIONARĂ

Author(s): N. Grigorie Lăcrița / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 56/2023

In the conditions in which it ends up that, in a country, some of the top of the social hierarchy make their own special laws (such as those for pensions, for salaries, etc.), for their own interest, to the detriment of the great majority of the population, in in such a country the top social hierarchy has turned into a discretionary oligarchy. We have forgotten that the social hierarchy must be established only according to the criteria of honor and the value of personal merit, based on work.