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200 godina Friedricha Engelsa

Author(s): / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian

This anthology book is published on the occasion of the bicentennial of the birth of Friedrich Engels, an exceptional thinker and theorist of the revolution. Editors Maroje Višić and Miroslav Artić gathered renowned domestic and international scientists who tried to reevaluate Engels' works and his scientific contribution. The idea behind the book is to point out the everlasting value and significance of Engels’ revolutionary philosophy. Contributing authors offered analytical reading of Engels' ideas, addressing pressing issues in economics, politics, religion, feminism, ideology and in other segments of contemporary society. The papers in an anthology are organized under the chapters: The Reception of Engel’s Philosophy, Actuality of Engels Today with subchapters on working-class and precariat, peasantry as the subject of change, early Christianity as an inspiration; and the last chapter is Revalorization of Family and State. The first chapter tackles the questions if Engels was more than an interpreter of Marx or simply the first Marxist who contributed to the banalization of Marx. It then investigates reception of Engels’ philosophy in ex-Yugoslavia specifically and in philosophical theory in general. The second chapter demonstrates actuality and relevance of Engels today by discussing the topics of working-class and precariat, by making comparison between early industrial society and contemporary society and by tracking development of socialism from utopia to a science. Chapter also deals on the peasantry whose role as a subject of change is thoroughly problematized. Special part of the chapter is dedicated to the influence of the practice of early Christianity on the formation of Engels’ revolutionary idea and to what extent original Christian community served affected the development of Engels’ thought. Final chapter brings papers that, under new circumstances, re-examine the understanding of the state-family relation and their dynamic. This comprehensive anthology attempted to revalorize and appraise Engels’ own contribution to science and philosophy 200 years after his birth. For this it was necessary to “divorce” Engels from Marx so that the fallacy of statement that Engels was second violin to Marx becomes striking.Chapter one tackle the question of whetherEngels was more than an interpreter of Marx or simply the first Marxist to contribute to the banalization of Marx.= Engels' reception is then examined both in the former Yugoslavia and in philosophical theory in general.Special part of the chapter is dedicated to influence of the practice of early Christianity on the formation of Engels’ revolutionary idea. That is, to what extent the examples of the original Christian communities influenced the development of Engels' thought

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A Brief History of New Realism

Author(s): Maurizio Ferraris / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

In this paper I try to sketch a brief history of new realism. Starting from nineteenth century idealism, I then move on to discuss twentieth century postmodernism, which, I argue, is the heir of idealism and the theoretical enemy of new realism. Finally, I offer a reconstruction of how and why contemporary new realism came into being and propose a few remarks on its future perspectives.

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A filozófia Felső-Magyarországon

Author(s): András Mészáros / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2020

The study lists the methodological changes that have modified the historiographical approach in the history of Hungarian philosophy in the last 30 years. Based on these, it formulates the hypothesis that the history of Hungarian philosophy can be reconstructed and presented not within the framework of a single narrative, but along discourses that exist side by side and one after the other. One such form of discourse is local discourse, such as Upper Hungarian philosophy. The determining form of this was the school philosophy, which developed along the Catholic–Lutheran dichotomy. School philosophy lost its decisive role here only during the 19th century, and besides it appeared the so-called public philosophy, and one of its forms of discourse, national philosophy. However, this was mainly characteristic of the emerging Slovak philosophy.

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A SKETCH OF THE NOTION OF DECLINE IN AUGUST COMTE. COMMON POINTS WITH THE CORRESPONDING BRENTANIAN NOTION

Author(s): Bianca Alexandra Savu / Language(s): English Issue: 43/2019

Auguste Comte’s theory on the development of the human spirit is interpreted as supporting a vision of linear, crescent movement, directed to achieve a positive stage. Given this, the interpretations in the literature are focused, mainly, on the notion of progress. In this paper, I discuss the notion of decline, the counterpart of the preferred notion, which I consider to be essential for the above-stated pursuit of the human spirit. This notion has received less attention than the positive one of progress, and my goal here is to highlight the strengths and function of the notion of decline, paying attention to similarities that can be established between Comte’s “decline” and the one from the Brentanian theory of the four phases.

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A többség zsarnokságától a szelíd önkényuralomig

Author(s): Vasile Prahovean / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2019

Tocqueville’s thought-world is decisively influenced by the conviction that modern democracy that is based on the will of the majority is rather appropriate for creating equality than freedom. Moreover, the mass democracy leads to oppression if the coercive force of the public opinion is extended over all the aspects of social life. Democracy in America discusses in two different contexts the problem of totalitarianism supported by the public opinion. The tyranny of majority is supplemented by the hypothesis of soft despotism, by recognizing that the horizontally extending oppression can be generated by a state power that is manipulating the democratic ideas. The administrative despotism reconciles the omnipotence of the public opinion with the centralizing tendencies and under the aegis of the benevolent state power will take control over private lives. The individuals isolated from each other are less capable of restraining its power, therefore it is essential that the exertion of individual rights and freedom has to be supplemented with collective values.

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A Trial of Interpretation of Meister Eckhart’s Thought on God and Man through the Analysis of Its Paradoxes

Author(s): Zbigniew Kaźmierczak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article interprets Eckhart’s contradictions by presenting them as a result of an existential search for salvific power. It is shown that power is ambivalent in nature: it is the power of what is and the power of (self)overcoming (of what is). Just because power is in itself ambivalent and the process of searching for it existentialist (so not completely conscious), Eckhart’s mystical texts are full of contradictions and the German mystic is apparently not aware of it. The sample of them is shown in this article with regard to his ideas on God and man. Three other interpretations of Eckhart’s (“apophatic,” “educational,” “methodological”) are presented and argued against.

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Abbagnanowska krytyka tradycyjnej filozofii: Augustyn, Descartes, Kant

Author(s): Jakub Bartoszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The article discusses the issue of possibilities in the context of Abbagnano’s perspective on traditional philosophy. Following the founder of the philosophy of possibilities, certain philosophers were selected who in the opinion of the Italian existentialist had a significant impact on culture and philosophical tradition. Therefore, only three figures are discussed: Augustine, Descartes and Kant.

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ABBASQULU AĞA BAKIXANOVUN YARADACILIĞINDA CƏLALƏDDİN RUMİ İRSİNİN ƏKSİ

Author(s): Vüqar İsmət Teymurxanli / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 3/2009

Makale, ünlü sufi ve düşünür Celalaeddin Rumi’nin XIX yüzyıl Azerbaycan düşünürü A. Bakıxanov’la ilgili edebi konuların ilmi tahlilini konu edinir. Yazıda, Azerbaycan’dakı ilim adamları ve eleştirmenlerin konu ile ilgili düşünceler üzerinde durulmuş, A. Bakıxanov’un eserlerinde Mevlana’dan yapılmış alıntılar tespit edilmiştir. Her iki düşünürün eserlerinde konu, yapı ve didaktik amaç bakımından benzerlikler araştırılmıştır. Manevi sansür karşısında Bakıxanov’un Mevlana sanatından nasıl faydalandığı üzerinde durulmuştur.

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Accessing a Big Bounce Universe with Concealed Mass and Gravitation

Author(s): Guido J.M. Verstraeten,Willem W. Verstraeten / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

According to Whitehead, nature is disclosed to mind by an ensemble of events characterized by unobservable hidden intrinsic factors (e.g., mass, gravitation) and observable extrinsic factors (e.g., motion, density). Mass is not the substratum of dynamics. It implies spatial extension and temporal duration, which are both necessary conditions of observable natural phenomena. Therefore, an instant, deprived of duration, is immeasurable. Whitehead’s claims on mass, space, and time corroborate Verlinde’s alternative conception of quantum gravitation. Within the de Sitter space-time, this conception starts from the competition of the short distance degrees of freedom of the Ryn-Takanayagi tensor with long-distance thermalized excitations. This enables the creation of a baryonic mass and a decrease in de Sitter entropy. The memory effect of the original baryon creation leads to gravitation and the production of extensive thermodynamic entropy. However, the baryon production shrinks, and the dissipating space-time transforms into a space-timeless cold sink with an accompanying strong contracting memory effect. This is equivalent to the alternate motion of a giant Carnot engine, where the heat source and sink energy exchange produce the eternal periodic dynamics of the Universe. This suggests that the Universe did not start from Big Bang but oscillated eternally as a Big Bounce Universe.

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Agnieszka Bednarek-Bohdziewicz, Homo capax, capax hominis. Z problematyki antropologicznej w późnej twórczości Adama Mickiewicza, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 2019, ss. 256 (rec.)

Author(s): Miłosz Puczydłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Some fragments of the book (threads about the "weak God") may bring to mind the philosophy of Gianni Vattimo, who makes a very interesting reinterpretation of the Catholic tradition, but in a secularized and completely immanent version. A deeper consideration of this could enrich the book that is already extremely erudite and very professionally written.

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Aktuelnost Ničeove misli

Author(s): Dobrica Gajić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2015

Prikaz / The review of: Trond Berg Eriksen, Niče i moderna / Nietzsche and Modernity, Karpos, 2014, sa norveškog prevela Jelena Loma.

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Alexandre’o Kojeve’o filosofinė evoliucija: nuo hėgelizmo į natūralizmą

Author(s): Linas Jokubaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 11/2016

The article examines the fundamental premises of Alexandre Kojeve’s interpretation of Hegel’s philosophy, the source of his views on the genesis of humanity and history. The paper is focused on the French philosopher’s attempt to explain how Homo sapiens becomes a human being. This explanation can only be understood within the framework of his dualistic anthropology, which is reconstructed in the article. Kojeve’s philosophy of history is discussed only in so far as it helps to understand his anthropology. The article reveals the paradoxes of Kojeve’s dualistic anthropology. According to his provocative assertions, at the end of history human beings will return to the state of animality. Kojeve left us with only short fragmentary assertions about the idea of the end of history, however, today he is most widely known for this provocative idea.

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Ambivalencija S. Kierkegaard’o nerimo (Angest) sampratoje

Author(s): Justinas Grigas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 99/2021

The paper considers two problems related to the interpretation of S. Kierkegaard’s conception of Angest. Firstly, a tendency to interpret Kierkegaard’s Angest as a “fear without an object” and to posit its similarity to Heidegger’s Angst is put in question. Questioning this interpretation, an analysis of The Concept of Anxiety is undertaken, in order to reveal ambivalence as the primary feature of Kierkegaard’s conception of Angest. Secondly, the question of translating Angest into Lithuanian is addressed, criticizing the established tradition of translating Angest as “baimė” (fear) and supporting translator’s I. Tomaševičiūtė’s choice of “nerimas”. The aforementioned ambivalence of Angest serves as the basis for the critique, revealing Angest as a paradoxical attraction to that, which frightens. The first part of the paper expounds on the moment of ambivalence in the descriptions of Angest, found in The Concept of Anxiety. The second part compares and underlines the differences between the philosophical approaches of Kierkegaard and Heidegger. It is shown that Kierkegaard’s attention to the ambivalence of Angest is related to the practical bent of Kierkegaard’s philosophy and the problematics of personal individuation.

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An Analysis of Selected Upbuilding Discourses in the Works of Søren Kierkegaard in the Context of Evangelical Homiletics

Author(s): Maria Urbańska-Bożek / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2019

The article focuses on two upbuilding discourses in Søren Kierkegaard's Late Works, translated by Karol Toeplitz. The sermons were included in For Self-Examination: Recommended to the Present Age (1851). The article first discusses the material dimension of the discourses, treating the sermon as a way to speak on a specific topic, taking the form of an annunciation of the truths of the faith. The second part is dedicated to the formal aspect of the upbuilding discourses and focuses on working with the text of the Scripture as well as on the process of the stylistic construction of the sermon.

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Andre Bogart Szabo Art Images

Author(s): Andre Bogart Szabo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

As a visual artist, I am fascinated with the inherent beauty of physical materials themselves, unmediated and unrefined. These works on canvas feature repurposed, foraged, and composted objects; a material vocabulary that follows no hierarchy. My paintings challenge the rhetoric of purity, refinement, and expressionism bound to painting by means of a ‘soil over oil’ approach. Tapping natural materials as alternatives to brush and gesture, my paintings have a sense of immediacy that directly engage the social, cultural, and ecological concerns of the region from which they are sourced. Just as a responsible hunter uses every piece of their kill as functional material, so do I process the physical world so nothing goes to waste.

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Anthropological Aspect of Charles Sanders Peirce’s Metaphysical Cosmology

Author(s): Volodymyr Melnyk,Andrii Synytsia / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

The article demonstrates how Charles Sanders Peirce built cosmological ideas based on the analysis of the specifics of a human being. It is proved that the possibility of a certain degree of anthropocentrism in Peirce’s cosmological conception was laid down in the categorical system, including the level of the Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness. It is shown why according to his scientific metaphysics, for everyone, the concept that corresponds to human nature is more true than other ones, as well as why a person instinctively feels the truth. This situation is possible because the laws of thought are formulated in accordance with the laws of nature. Human nature reflects what is in the world. Thus, through self-knowledge, a person also discovers reality itself as a dynamic universe in which the physical and the mental, the real and the ideal are subject to the same laws (habits-regularities). However, human beings do not know all of them, but only those that correspond to the level of their understanding and interests. Subsequently, science and technology are built on the basis of individuals’ own intentions. Human beings realize that the universe is boundless and not everything they are able to understand and justify. This makes fallibilism inevitable. It is analyzed how to solve the difficulties of fallibilism; Peirce proposed to use the concept of practical certainty as a basic criterion for recognizing the system of knowledge about the world as true. It is shown that the concepts of tychism, synechism, and agapism, which reveal the meaning of Peirce’s cosmological theory of evolution, are also based on the principles of anthropocentrism and anthropomorphism. Thus, it is argued that human being becomes the key to understanding Peirce’s metaphysical cosmology.

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ANTOINE COMPAGNON, ANTIMODERNISTI: OD JOSEPHA DE MAISTREA DO ROLANDA BARTHESA

Author(s): Sebastian A. Kukavica / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2022

Review of: Sebastian A. Kukavica - Antoine Compagnon, Antimodernisti: Od Josepha de Maistrea do Rolanda Barthesa, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb, 2020., 428 str.

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APIE FILOSOFIJOS KAIP MOKSLO PRIGIMTĮ

Author(s): Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 91/2017

Mintis arba siekis sukurti žmogiškojo pažinimo sistemą, arba kitaip ir tiksliau tariant – siekis į žmogiškąjį pažinimą žvelgti kaip į sistemą ir vienovę, be abejonės, iš anksto numato tai, jog pirmiausia ir pats savaime žmogiškasis pažinimas nėra sistema – ἀσύστατον – tai, kas nėra vienovėje ir veikiau yra vidujai susipriešinęs pats su savimi. Norint suvokti šį nesistemiškumą, šį nepastovumą ir nevientisumą, tai, kas yra tarsi žmogiškojo pažinimo bellum intestinum (kadangi šis vidinis susipriešinimas turi būti atskleistas), žmogaus protas turėjo būti išmėgintas visomis galimomis kryptimis.

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APIE FILOSOFINĖS KRITIKOS ESMĘ IR JOS SANTYKĮ SU ŠIUOLAIKINĖS FILOSOFIJOS SITUACIJA

Author(s): Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 92/2017

Kritika, kad ir kokioje meno ar mokslo srityje būtų taikoma, reikalauja kriterijaus, kuris būtų nepriklausomas nei nuo sprendžiančiojo, nei nuo paties dalyko, apie kurį sprendžiama.Ji reikalauja tokio kriterijaus, kuris būtų išvestas ne iš kokio nors paskiro reiškinio arsubjekto ypatybės, bet iš nekintančio ir amžino paties dalyko provaizdžio (Urbild). Kaip kad vaizduojamojo meno idėja nėra sukuriama ar atrandama meno kritikos dėka, o veikiau yra jos suponuojama, taip ir filosofinės kritikos atveju pačios filosofijos idėja yra jos pirminė prielaida ir sąlyga. Be šiosidėjosji vieną subjektyvybę tik supriešintų su kita ir niekad patį absoliutą su tuo, kas sąlygota.

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Apie Neklasikinę Filosofiją Neklasikiniu Stiliumi (Leonardos Jekentaitës Kûrybos Interpretacija)

Author(s): Bronislovas Kuzmickas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 59/2009

This paper is dedicated to the interpretation of the works of Leonarda Jekentaitë (1946-2008), in which she analyses the views of non-classical philosophers. They speak about the reality and the human existence and the style of their writings is more artistic than theoretical. The first article is about the philosophy of Kant. Although it has been two hundred years since this thinker, the main ideas of his anthropology continue to be urgent, makes us to go back to the categorical imperative of Kant and rethink it in the epoch of jazz. The impact of A. Schopenhauer's philosophy is felt in the writings of contemporary French postmodernists, particularly in those of Gilles Deleuze. As most important among the non-classical philosophers is considered S. Kierkegaard. One of the most significant trends of Lithuanian art can be characterised using Kierkegaardan terminology, as demonic aestheticism. The force of expression rises from mental experiments and self-destruction which are signs of longing after the lost sense of the certainty of reality and faith in God. Interpreting F. Nietzsche's philosophy she emphasizes the uncompromising critique by him of the theoretical attitude to life and proclamation of the will to power. Nietzsche saw a descrepancy between two levels of consciousness in European mentality: the superficial level of Judeo-Christian virtues and Pagan values, authentic but condemned.

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