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„Întreaga familie să redobândească fericirea care i-a unit la început”. Dezbaterile parlamentare privind regimul căsătoriei în Codul civil (1906) şi consecinţele sociale din perioada interbelică

Author(s): Maria Camelia Zavarache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2020

The Romanian Civil Law passed during the second half of the XIXth century has remained unchanged until 1906, when the Conservatory executive decided it was time to update the regulations regarding marriage, divorce and legitimacy. The main purpose of the initiative was that of relieving the population living in rural areas of the burden of providing numerous documents in order to get married, reducing thus the number of illegitimate children. However, it was the changes brought to the divorce regulations that have generated a fierce opposition from the members of the Liberal Party, causing the artisans of the law to discard a part of their proposals. Therefore, the final version of the project has been more moderate than the one envisioned initially, leading to important social consequences during the first half of the XXth century. There is no doubt that one of the most significant consequence was the interdiction of a second marriage for divorced couples that reconciled, and the illegitimate children that they produced. For them, the judicial system in effect until the Second World War had no understanding and no solutions.

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Предизвикателства пред стратегическото управление на висшето образование в България в новото десетилетие (Национална карта на висшето образование)
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Предизвикателства пред стратегическото управление на висшето образование в България в новото десетилетие (Национална карта на висшето образование)

Author(s): Iskra Mileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The scientific article presents the latest European strategic documents and the latest national decisions related to higher education and science, in the context of the challenges of the decade. A critical analysis of the process of creating a “National Map of Higher Education of the Republic of Bulgaria” was made. Conclusions and recommendations have been formulated for strategic management and specifically for strategic management of higher education, which should be useful for administrative science and management practice

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REGIMUL EXCEPȚIONAL ÎN DOBROGEA (1878-1909). REFLECȚII PRIVIND PROCESUL INTEGRĂRII LA STATUL ROMÂN

REGIMUL EXCEPȚIONAL ÎN DOBROGEA (1878-1909). REFLECȚII PRIVIND PROCESUL INTEGRĂRII LA STATUL ROMÂN

Author(s): Sorin Mureșanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: III seria3/2021

The present paper goal is to analyse the motivations behind the exceptional regime in Dobrudja, after the Berlin Treaty (1878) and integration to Romania. After a two year transitory governance, Romanian legislators adopted so-called Dobrudja Constitution, a law which established the rules by which the new province was to be governed. This law included many exceptions from the normal social and administrative life from the rest of Romania, including those regarding political rights. Almost 30 years, until 1909, people from Dobrudja cannot exert those rights and the local governance was assured by governmental decisions, the prefect being an almost absolute authority. This long time of discrimination was justified by the very different - social, judiciary, religious, cultural, ethnic – character of the province, after four and a half centuries of inclusion in the Ottoman Empire. Romanian authorities decided, in view of this reality, that a complete integration cannot be made until the people of the province become aware of their new situation, rights and obligations. It was the best solution at that time, which assured a smooth integration, without social or ethnic conflicts. Despite of some voices from the political opposition, the law from 1880 was generally accepted and the public opinion from Romania agreed that an immediate and total integration was not the best decision. Romanian decidents found the ways through which integration of Dobrudja become permanent, even if exceptional measures was needed.

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The Law on Primary and Normal-primary Education from 1924 and Constantin Angelescu and National Liberal Party views
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The Law on Primary and Normal-primary Education from 1924 and Constantin Angelescu and National Liberal Party views

Author(s): Mihai-Daniel Botezatu / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

Through this article we propose to analyze the political steps around the process of unification and reform of the educational system in post-war Romania. Particularly we will realise an analysis for the Law of the State Primary and the Normal-primary Education from 26 July 1924, adopted during Dr. Constantin Angelescu’s mandate at Ministry of Public Instruction. Our endeavours will be materialized by presenting the contexts of the process of the primary education’s unification, the innovations found in the law project, parliamentary and press debates around the political act, but also the impact generated by the new primary law of education.

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CURRENT CHALLENGES OF MIGRATION ON NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEVEL
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CURRENT CHALLENGES OF MIGRATION ON NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEVEL

Author(s): Adrian Bulgaru / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment/2016

Europe has faced many challenges, having to manage many difficult situations: the economic crisis in Greece, the security issues in Ukraine and the conflict with Russia, the global threat of terrorism, culminating with the humanitarian crisis of refugees and migration. The European Union passes through one of its most tense and difficult periods, but has the ability to act as a global player to find long-term solutions, which can help to solve these crises, to provide adequate answers to the problems it confronts. All Member States should address the issue of migration and refugees, bearing in mind first of all in their cooperation, the values that unite us, not the differences of opinions.

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SOLIDARITY LIABILITY IN THE EVENT OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS

SOLIDARITY LIABILITY IN THE EVENT OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS

Author(s): Dragos Lucian Radulescu,Delia Mihaela Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The patrimonial liability is the most common form of liability, being attracted in case of non-compliance with the legal norms, in order to protect the social values indispensable for the normal functioning of a company. Legal employment relationships are one of the most common areas in which joint and several liability is applied, namely in the case of work accidents resulting in personal injury to employees, which can cause them including permanent disabilities and can be caused by deficiencies in specific equipment used, as well as the lack of effective training in the field of labour protection. Establishing guilt and attracting civil liability is done in relation to the concrete conditions of the accident, the duties of employees according to job descriptions, but also the concrete actions they performed during the program or in connection with work duties. The article presents the applicability of the legal norms in the matter of civil liability to a practical case in which the courts have held joint and several liability of employees and employers in case of accidents at work, referring to the legal conditions to be met, with implications in criminal law.

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THE LACK OF TRANSPARENCY – THE PREMISE OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN PRISONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

THE LACK OF TRANSPARENCY – THE PREMISE OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN PRISONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Crina-Bianca Vereș / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Internationally, human rights law guarantees an universal right to the highest achievable and mandatory standard of health and obliges the governments to take measures to prevent threats to public health and to provide medical care to those who need it. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to rip through prisons across the world, and some excessive measures imposed by governments to prevent the spread of the disease have led to human rights violations. If one would take into account Romania’s persisting problems of overcrowding and poor hygiene conditions in prisons, it is required to highlight how the lack of transparency in public institutions has an the impact on the prison environment during the pandemic. The paper suggests that there is a link between the way the prison life is perceived and the lack of compliance of national measures with generally binding standards regarding human rights imposed internationally.

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EKONOMSKA ANALIZA BANKARSKOG MEHANIZMA U SUZBIJANJU KORUPCIJE

EKONOMSKA ANALIZA BANKARSKOG MEHANIZMA U SUZBIJANJU KORUPCIJE

Author(s): Zumreta Galijašević,Hajrija Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 5/2014

Corruption is a complex phenomenon whose destructive effects leaves multiple consequences at financial and economic development. Popularization of examining corruption negative effects has caused the necessity of theoretical and empirical examines for value loss reduce using bank anti corruption mechanism. In that purpose, it is tested the hypothesis regular banking as a function of anti- corruption. The results show that developed institutional framework and bank management directly influenced the corruption level, loss level and bank's and economic efficiency. On that base, it is purposed the strategic guideline for standards and capacity creating for more quality banking in the role of limiter and anti corruption indicator. The paper aims the applying economic analyses in determining effects of bank anti-corruption measures.

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KORUPCIJA U REVIZIJI FINANSIJSKIH IZVJEŠTAJA

KORUPCIJA U REVIZIJI FINANSIJSKIH IZVJEŠTAJA

Author(s): Bogdana Vujnović-Gligorić,Mile Matijević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 5/2014

Any social system, independent of the governing property relations, has the need for honest and truthful information about the work of companies. Such interest is increasing with the development of joint stock companies and with the effort to protect the owners of money, potential investors, against possible fraud. Revision appears as an independent institution, which should give a neutral opinion on the assessment of the financial statements and their compliance with legal regulatory. However, with revision comes and corruption, which is trying to present the facts in the best light for the sake of their own interests. Such actions are often justified by difficulties in collecting evidence, using appropriate techniques and test audit. This paper will analyze the basic tasks of the audit, the corrupt actions that the auditor uses but it will also provide suggestions for reducing corruption in the field of auditing. The aim is to support activities related to the objective presentation of business results and financial condition of companies in order to attract investors. The results of this study underscore the need for audit engagements under contract by the maximum of four years, which would prevent the need to certify false testimony in order to extend the audit engagement.

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The Right To Happiness Of Citizens And The Improvement Of The Quality Of Urban Life
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The Right To Happiness Of Citizens And The Improvement Of The Quality Of Urban Life

Author(s): Claudia Elena Marinică / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

In recent years, we have seen a growing interest in the happiness and well-being of people from international organizations (especially the United Nations, which this year celebrates its 75th anniversary), regional organizations, but also each individual state, starting from the premise of creating a new right, the right to happiness of people and, implicitly, of citizens, although we are aware that happiness does not have the same content everywhere and that its perception depends on many objective and subjective factors. In this article we have tried to identify a series of measures and projects adopted to ensure and respect the right to happiness, in order to improve the standard of living in cities, standard of living that directly influences the happiness of citizens, following the emergence and evolution of the concept of smart cities. These projects help to shape public policies that must promote the well-being of citizens, their happiness, greater transparency in the provision of people services and, last but not least, adequate security. The conclusions drawn at the end of this article show that the relationship between smart cities and happy cities, although a directly proportional relationship that provides concrete evidence of citizens 'happiness and a more sustainable and, why not more humane, future does not permanently result in citizens' happiness.

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The Fundamental Right To Education And Religious Freedom
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The Fundamental Right To Education And Religious Freedom

Author(s): Remus Marian / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

Education is a fundamental human right in the contemporary society, therefore it has to be protected and promoted. Representing the basis of the evolution of society towards a better future, education must be a national priority and responsibility that can provide children and young people with the necessary safety throughout their lives, trust in a good future, the chance of social integration of all citizens, to teachers, the social dignity corresponding to this noble profession, to the parents, the satisfaction of the best investment not only for the future of their own children, their personal but of all humanity. Concerns in the field of education, both at State and Church level, indicate the constant interest and level of priority given to education to ensure social and moral evolution of society. Religion is an integral and defining part of European culture, and in the vast majority of European states religion is taught within the public education system. Romania respects European norms and promotes a system of education comparable to that of the majority of European Union states.

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Социално-законодателни мерки и инициативи за справяне с безработицата в България (1944–1948)

Социално-законодателни мерки и инициативи за справяне с безработицата в България (1944–1948)

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

This publication is an attempt for an objective analysis of the nature and mechanisms of social policy pursued by the government in terms of emloyment and tackling unemployment in the period between 1944–1948. The publication discusses various social and legislative measures and initiatives setout by the government, as they are outlined key features of the social policy of great social importance in overcoming one of the main social risks in Bulgarian society during that period. Presented the specifics characterstic of the sistem in different stages of its chronological development, it is displayed as positive guidelines, as well as negative consequences in the context of the interaction between social policy, the economy and the labor market.

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Общественото отношение към децата в специализирани институции и влиянието му върху насилието помежду им

Общественото отношение към децата в специализирани институции и влиянието му върху насилието помежду им

Author(s): Sevina Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

The paper presents results from an empirical research, conducted among children in residential care. Aim of the study is to identify the influence of public attitudes on the relationship between children placed at the institution. Societal attitudes towards children at residential care can be considered in terms of two opposing positions. On one hand - compassion and pity, ongoing donations, on the other – non-acceptance, rejection, labeling. In both cases, the attitude towards those children is not adequate and could generates violence.

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Доброволчеството като механизъм за професионална реализация

Доброволчеството като механизъм за професионална реализация

Author(s): Krastina Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The paper discusses the issues of professional realization at the career beginning and the volunteering’s opportunities to support this process.Differenet definitions of volunteering worldwide are presented and key volunteering characteristics are drawn. Presented are also the difference between volunteering and internships programs within the focus of formation of skills for professional development. The volunteering advantages in case of career change or return to the labour market are outlined.

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Polityka migracyjna Republiki Federalnej Niemiec

Polityka migracyjna Republiki Federalnej Niemiec

Author(s): Marek Podraza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The effective management of migration flows is the goal of every country that deals with an influx of foreigners. The Federal Republic of Germany began building its migration policy after World War II. Initially, it was focused on recruiting foreigners from third countries, filling the staffing shortages in sectors dominated by low-skilled workers. Over time, it underwent a transformation, focusing on the so-called specialists. Over the course of 70 years, Germany has become one of the strongest economies in the world, and is now, according to the OECD report, the second most popular destination of today’s migration. Undoubtedly, the real test for German migration policy was the migration crisis initiated by the Arab Spring. In 2015 alone, 1.1 million immigrants reached Germany, and nearly half of them applied for asylum. The initial openness at some point exceeded the possibilities of Germany. Considering the increasing demographic problems of Germany, the current situation may positively affect the economic development of this country, especially when we take into account the effective integration policy to date. Whether this happens will primarily depend on subsequent decisions of the German authorities in this regard.

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Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego Synodalność w życiu i misji Kościoła, Kraków, 5 maja 2022 roku

Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego Synodalność w życiu i misji Kościoła, Kraków, 5 maja 2022 roku

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Report from the scientific symposium Synodality in the life and the mission of the Church, Krakow, May 5th, 2022

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Предизвикателства в политиките за децата в първата у нас „Бяла книга за детето“

Предизвикателства в политиките за децата в първата у нас „Бяла книга за детето“

Author(s): Eleonora Lilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The report examines the first in Bulgaria „White Paper on the Child“, a document emphasizing the need to pay special attention to the topic of support, development and well-being of the child in our country. The White Paper provides information on what has been achieved so far and poses a number of challenges in six areas covered. The mission of the White Paper on the Child is to open the door of the consensus for decision making, related to our future – the children of Bulgaria. The state is indebted to the children of Bulgaria and the necessary actions and subsequent steps should be taken to improve the policy for the child and the family by the involved protection bodies.

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Съвременна международна и вътрешно-правна рамка на системата за закрила на детето

Съвременна международна и вътрешно-правна рамка на системата за закрила на детето

Author(s): Anna Tselova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

During the last twenty-one years in the Republic of Bulgaria the current system for protection of children at risk has been developing. The main purpose of the child protection system is to promote the full development of children, to protect and defend them from violations of their rights, and to help children who live outside their biological families to be reintegrated into them.

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From an Empire to a Nation State: Land Property and its Guarantee in the Balkans. The Case of Bulgaria
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From an Empire to a Nation State: Land Property and its Guarantee in the Balkans. The Case of Bulgaria

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev,Hristiyan Atanasov / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

The article makes a comparative analysis of the status of land property in the Ottoman Empire (within the period from 1839 to 1878) and Bulgaria after the Liberation (1879–1912). The findings indicate significant discrepancies. While in the Ottoman Empire land property (rakaba) ideally belongs to the state, in practice the immediate agricultural producer feels a full-right owner and landlord, according to the traditional understanding of private property law. The owners’ rights are protected by a high-class procedure on issuing land ownership documents, cadaster starts to be kept (in the 1860s) and practically there is no data of social tension concerning the land status and property ownership – the state manages to cover and protect it. Contrary to this, in the Principality of Bulgaria, the newly introduced Constitution guarantees private land ownership but in practice the state administration cannot provide for it. Due to this fact, there is a lot of information on infringement and insecurity in land ownership.

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Kredyt obarczony ryzykiem walutowym jako zagadnienie społeczne. Kilka refleksji na temat sytuacji kredytobiorców kredytów indeksowanych do CHF/denominowanych w CHF w kontekście zasady sprawiedliwości sensu largo

Kredyt obarczony ryzykiem walutowym jako zagadnienie społeczne. Kilka refleksji na temat sytuacji kredytobiorców kredytów indeksowanych do CHF/denominowanych w CHF w kontekście zasady sprawiedliwości sensu largo

Author(s): Aleksandra Nadolska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The phenomenon of Swiss franc mortgages in Poland revealed the ineffectiveness of consumer rights protection and a misunderstanding of the EU idea of balancing consumer contractual rights and obligations towards the trader. The lack of a systemic solution to this issue has led to the fact that currently persons with debts in Swiss francs are in dispute not only with banks, but also with that part of the society which feel disadvantaged by the fact that contracts containing abusive clauses have become cancelled. The PLN borrower’s perspective does not take into account the key factors that determined this pattern of events (even while ignoring the fact that it is not the court’s ruling that makes the mortgage agreement invalid). This article presents and discusses the factors thanks to which the expansion of loans indexed with the CHF rate in 2004–2010 was possible. Based on this analysis, the author proves that unequal treatment of consumers in access to the credit services occurred at that time, and that currently pending litigation cannot take into account the principle of social justice, which does not include goods or services over which the state has no influence, when applying distributive mechanisms.

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