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О роли польскоязычных сочинений иезуитов в православной литературе Речи Посполитой XVI–XVII вв.
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О роли польскоязычных сочинений иезуитов в православной литературе Речи Посполитой XVI–XVII вв.

Author(s): Margarita A. Korzo / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The history of the works composed by Jesuits Fulvio Androzzi (1523–1575) and Marcin Śmiglecki (1563/1564–1618) and their translations into Church Slavonic as well as the so-called “prostaâ mova” are considered as an interesting example of the spread of Catholic works among adherents of Orthodoxy in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Androzzi’s Della frequenza della communione (1579) was originally an essay on the preparation for frequent communion. Its two Polish-language editions by Stanisław Grochowski (Scieszka poboznego chrześcianina, 1600) and Szymon Wysocki (Skarbnica duchowna, 1600) served as a source for a concise funerary sample-sermon written in “prostaâ mova” which is found in the Vilna’s Orthodox Ritual (1621). An essay on theological and legal aspects of money-lending (usury) by Marcin Śmiglecki (O lichwie i trzech przedniejszych kontraktach, 1596) was partly used for drawing up a treatise on moral theology Mir s Bogom čeloveku (1669) published in the Kiev Monastery of the Caves. Both sample-sermons and treatises on moral theology were new literary genres for Orthodox tradition; their origin in the 17th century can be associated with Catholic influences. In both cases, the question of a translator from Polish into Church Slavonic and “prostaâ mova” remains open.

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In memoriam

In memoriam

Author(s): Elizabeth Baran,Marko Jesenšek,Krešimir Mićanović,Tamás Tölgyesi / Language(s): Croatian,Ukrainian,German Issue: 1/2019

In memoriam: 1) Наталя Хобзей / Natalya Khobzey (1964–2018) 2) Antonín Vašek (1925–2018) 3) Mark Samardžija (1947–2019) 4) Zinka Zorko (1936–2019) 5) Шандор Мокань / Shandor Mokan (1932–2010)

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Parental Support of Bilingualism in Children Attending Schools and Kindergartens with the Polish Language of Instruction in Zaolzie

Parental Support of Bilingualism in Children Attending Schools and Kindergartens with the Polish Language of Instruction in Zaolzie

Author(s): Lucie Zormanová / Language(s): English Issue: 53 (2)/2019

The topic of this research is the development of bilingualism of children of Polish nationality living in the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia and attending a nursery or elementary school in Karviná where Polish is the language of instruction. The main research question is: How do parents stimulate the development of bilingualism in their children? This main question creates additional partial research questions: Which language or languages do the parents use to talk to their children? What determines the choice of language, when the parents use one language or another or a dialect in everyday communication? What other ways do the parents use to develop bilingualism of their children? What advantage do the parents see in bilingualism? What were the reasons for the parents to choose a bilingual school for their children? Two research methods were used to answer the research questions, namely a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. Respondents included parents of children who attend a nursery and elementary school in Karviná with Polish as the language of instruction.

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Wartości edukacyjne w literaturze dziecięcej Agnieszki Zimnowodzkiej. Rekonesans badawczy

Wartości edukacyjne w literaturze dziecięcej Agnieszki Zimnowodzkiej. Rekonesans badawczy

Author(s): Izabela Łuc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2019

The article constitutes an attempt at an introductory description of educational values of eleven short stories for children written by Agnieszka Zimnowodzka. While discussing the educational function of the selected material, considering the compositional-structural and semantic-linguistic (including naming) layers of the stories, references to pragma-lingusitic analysis and theory of semantic fields (with appropriate methodological solutions) were made.

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Slavenski književni jezici sa suvremenoga gledišta

Slavenski književni jezici sa suvremenoga gledišta

Author(s): Dubravka Sesar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2012

Book-Review: Barbara Oczkowa, Elżbieta Szczepańska sa suradnikom Tomaszom Kwokom ‒ Słowiańskie języki literackie. Rys historyczny (Slavenski književni jezici. Povijesni opis), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2011. Reviewed by Dubravka Sesar.

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Letter to the Editor: A New Slavic Language is Born
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Letter to the Editor: A New Slavic Language is Born

Author(s): Paul Robert Magocsi / Language(s): English Issue: 03/1995

"We solemnly declare that from this day forward our Rusyn language is a normative and codified language ... and has become the literary language of Rusyns in Slovakia." With these words, the representatives of the Rusyn Renaissance Society of Slovakia proclaimed, on 27 January 1995, the existence of a new Slavic language.T his language is for use by Rusyns, who since 1991 have been officially recognized as a distinct people with all due constitutional rights accorded each national minority in Slovakia. [...]

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LEKSYKALIZACJA ZDAŃ ROZWIJAJĄCYCH Z WYRAŻENIAMI COKOLWIEK I CO W FUNKCJI KOMENTARZA METATEKSTOWEGO
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LEKSYKALIZACJA ZDAŃ ROZWIJAJĄCYCH Z WYRAŻENIAMI COKOLWIEK I CO W FUNKCJI KOMENTARZA METATEKSTOWEGO

Author(s): Marzena Stępień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2020

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the lexicalisation and pragmaticalisation process, as a result of which – in modern Polish – developing clauses, also called non-integrated appositive relative clauses, give rise to metatextual expressions, which comment on a statement/utterance (discourse markers) in the form co by nie / cokolwiek by nie (whatever you) with supplementations in the form of infinitives mówić, powiedzieć, rzec (say). The expressions were subject to an analysis intended to determine their distribution, form and connectivity, as well as semantic and syntactic properties, including functions in the thematic-rhematic structure. The discussions allowed also for the possibility to interpret the described phenomenon in the categories of conventional implicature.

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OPERATORY ADNUMERATYWNE TYPU MARNY, DOBRY, BITY – PRÓBA CHARAKTERYSTYKI FORMALNO-SEMANTYCZNEJ
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OPERATORY ADNUMERATYWNE TYPU MARNY, DOBRY, BITY – PRÓBA CHARAKTERYSTYKI FORMALNO-SEMANTYCZNEJ

Author(s): Katarzyna Doboszyńska-Markiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2020

This paper presents the multitude and variety of expressions in the Polish language (e.g. góra, minimum, maks, raptem, bagatela, wszystkiego, po (at most, at least, max., only, merely, altogether)), which could be classified as adnumerative operators as defined by Maciej Grochowski. They include metapredictive adjectives such as dobry (milion) (a good (million)), ładne (100 kilometrów) (a good (100 kilometres)), bite (200 stron) (a whole (200 pages)), nędzne (200 złotych) (a measly (200 zloty)), which are characterised by connectivity with selected (standard and non-standard) units of measurement. The semantic and syntactic analysis of corpus examples shows that the discussed adjectives differ from their equivalents from the relevant language level in formal terms (non-predicativity, non-contrastivity, non-gradability, non-negativity) and semantic terms (communicating evaluations ‘to dużo’ (it’s much/many), ‘to mało’ (it’s little/few), indicating a precise or an approximate value, reinforcing assertion).

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POLITYKA JĘZYKOWA
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POLITYKA JĘZYKOWA

Author(s): Stanisław Dubisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2020

Polityka językowa to całokształt działań instytucji państwowych i publicznych na rzecz rozwoju języka narodowego (państwowego, urzędowego). Tak rozumiana polityka językowa zasadza się na określonym systemie wartości kultywowanych przez społeczeństwo, które się tym językiem posługuje, i realizuje określone potrzeby komunikacyjne, intelektualne, estetyczne tego społeczeństwa. W tym kontekście za akt początkowy polityki językowej na naszym gruncie należy uznać prace Komisji Edukacji Narodowej (1773–1794), pierwszego w Polsce i w krajach ówczesnej Europy centralnej ministerstwa oświaty, która wprowadziła język polski do szkół wszelkiego typu jako język wykładowy i język nauczany. To, że polszczyzna przetrwała okres rozbiorów państwa polskiego, dając w spuściźnie wielkie dzieła literatury romantycznej, pozytywistycznej, realistycznej i młodopolskiej, zawdzięczamy dokonaniom w sferze kultury intelektualnej okresu oświecenia Stanisławowskiego, w tym szczególnie reformie systemu oświatowego, przeprowadzonej przez Komisję Edukacji Narodowej.

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KORPUS POLSZCZYZNY XVI WIEKU
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KORPUS POLSZCZYZNY XVI WIEKU

Author(s): Krzysztof W. Opaliński,Patrycja Potoniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2020

The original purpose of creating the corpus of the 16th Polish language was to preserve the material basis of Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku (Dictionary of the 16th-Century Polish Language) (SPXVI) comprising 272 texts transliterated in accordance with standardised principles, which is of great value. The project described here consists in creating an online base of the resources and using a part of it as a germ of a language corpus with texts designated with morphosyntactic markers. The works adopted XML encoding in the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) formalism, version P5, adjusted to a 16th-century text. Typographical elements as well as grammatical categories and forms of words were designated in the texts. The germ of the corpus of the 16th-century Polish language comprises 135 thousand segments and it will be expanded by another 100 thousand in the future to provide material for an automated form designation tool. Ultimately, integration with the Diachronic Corpus of Polish is planned.

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ELEKTRONICZNY KORPUS TEKSTÓW POLSKICH Z XVII I XVIII W. – PROBLEMY TEORETYCZNE I WARSZTATOWE
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ELEKTRONICZNY KORPUS TEKSTÓW POLSKICH Z XVII I XVIII W. – PROBLEMY TEORETYCZNE I WARSZTATOWE

Author(s): Włodzimierz Gruszczyński,Dorota Adamiec,Renata Bronikowska,Aleksandra Wieczorek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2020

This paper presents the Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts (KorBa) – a large (13.5-million), annotated historical corpus available online. Its creation was modelled on the assumptions of the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP), yet the specific nature of the historical material enforced certain modifications of the solutions applied in NKJP, e.g. two forms of text representation (transliteration and transcription) were introduced, the principle of designating foreign-language fragments was adopted, and the tagset was adapted to the description of the grammatical structure of the Middle Polish language. The texts collected in KorBa are diversified in chronological, geographical, stylistic, and thematic terms although, due to e.g. limited access to the material, the postulate of representativeness and sustainability of the corpus was not fully implemented. The work on the corpus was to a large extent automated as a result of using natural language processing tools.

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MIKROKORPUS GRONOWY POLSZCZYZNY 1830–1918
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MIKROKORPUS GRONOWY POLSZCZYZNY 1830–1918

Author(s): Magdalena Derwojedowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2020

This paper is dedicated to the construction of a small cluster corpus of Polish texts from the period 1830–1918. The assumptions of the corpus, its micro- and macro-structure, as well as stylistic, regional and author diversity, and method of making it available are presented. Its application capabilities are illustrated on the example of orthographic, inflectional, and syntactic studies.

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ANALIZA FLEKSYJNA TEKSTÓW HISTORYCZNYCH I ZMIENNOŚĆ FLEKSJI POLSKIEJ Z PERSPEKTYWY DANYCH KORPUSOWYCH
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ANALIZA FLEKSYJNA TEKSTÓW HISTORYCZNYCH I ZMIENNOŚĆ FLEKSJI POLSKIEJ Z PERSPEKTYWY DANYCH KORPUSOWYCH

Author(s): Marcin Woliński,Witold Kieraś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2020

The subject matter of this paper is Chronofleks, a computer system (http:// chronofleks.nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/) modelling Polish inflection based on a corpus material. The system visualises changes of inflectional paradigms of individual lexemes over time and enables examination of the variability of the frequency of inflected form groups distinguished based on various criteria. Feeding Chronofleks with corpus data required development of IT tools to ensure an inflectional processing sequence of texts analogous to the ones used for modern language; they comprise a transcriber, a morphological analyser, and a tagger. The work was performed on data from three historical periods (1601–1772, 1830–1918, and modern ones) elaborated in independent projects. Therefore, finding a common manner of describing data from the individual periods was a significant element of the work.

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CZY SZOK MOŻE BYĆ POZYTYWNY? O WYRAŻENIU SZOK WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLSZCZYŹNIE
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CZY SZOK MOŻE BYĆ POZYTYWNY? O WYRAŻENIU SZOK WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLSZCZYŹNIE

Author(s): Mariola Wołk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2018

This paper is dedicated to analysing lexical (mainly semantic) properties of the Polish expression szok (shock) in its secondary meaning, that is a meaning different from the primary one, where this word refers to strong emotions most often caused by a negative incident. The ‘shock’ that is described in this text is often related to positive events and is sometimes close to euphoria. The undertaken analysis focuses on szok, more precisely: a linguistic unit including the word and, to a lesser extent, the corresponding verb zszokować / zaszokować kogoś czymś (to shock someone with something). The analysis encompasses issues related to identifying a linguistic unit which represents the relevant notion, its syntactic properties and a description of its meaning. The analysed unit is additionally compared to verbs representing notions of surprise, bewilderment and amazement. The text is concluded with an attempt to explicate sentences which contain the expression ktoś jest w szoku, że_ (someone is in shock that_).

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O WŁAŚCIWOŚCIACH SKŁADNIOWO-SEMANTYCZNYCH CZASOWNIKÓW ZAPRZEPAŚCIĆ I PRZEPAŚĆ
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O WŁAŚCIWOŚCIACH SKŁADNIOWO-SEMANTYCZNYCH CZASOWNIKÓW ZAPRZEPAŚCIĆ I PRZEPAŚĆ

Author(s): Dorota Kruk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2018

This paper contains a semantic and syntactic analysis of two verbal language units identified by the author and represented by the forms zaprzepaścić (to squander) and przepaść (to be lost), namely [ktośi] zaprzepaścił [cośj] ([someonei] squandered [somethingj]) and [cośi] przepadło ([somethingi] was lost). By means of language tests, the author tries to reconstruct their semantic properties (which imply their formal features), the result of which is the proposed (working) explications of the units.

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WARTOŚĆ REFLEKSJI SEMANTYCZNEJ W KSZTAŁCENIU POLONISTYCZNYM
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WARTOŚĆ REFLEKSJI SEMANTYCZNEJ W KSZTAŁCENIU POLONISTYCZNYM

Author(s): Agnieszka Mikołajczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2018

The aim of this paper is to identify the place and value of semantics in the school education of Polish language & literature, and to demonstrate various opportunities to expand students’ knowledge and interests with the use of reflection on the meaning. The presented discussions include: (a) the answer to the question what could be an object of semantic reflection, (b) the analysis of the new core curriculum in teaching Polish in a primary school as well as the analysis of selected textbooks, (c) the presentation of examples taken from lexicographic and corpus materials worthy of use in teaching Polish language & literature, (d) the indication of the latest publications dedicated to Polish, which use humor, astonishment and a rich linguistic material and help inspire students to reflect on the meaning and facilitate their development.

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GRAMATYKA POLSKA DLA NIEMCÓW JANA ERNESTA MÜLLENHEIMA, REKTORA SZKOŁY MIEJSKIEJ W KLUCZBORKU
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GRAMATYKA POLSKA DLA NIEMCÓW JANA ERNESTA MÜLLENHEIMA, REKTORA SZKOŁY MIEJSKIEJ W KLUCZBORKU

Author(s): Anna Just / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2018

Review of: Anna Just - Jan Ernest Müllenheim, Neu=erörterte polnische Grammatica. Aus bewährten polnischen Auctoribus, wie auch eigner Übung und Erfahrung, Gott zu Ehren und der Schul=Jugend zum gründlichen Unterricht mit Fleiß verfasset; OFICYNA WYDAWNICZA: Gottfried Tramp; Brzeg; 1717. FORMAT: 8°; LICZBA STRON: 276; JĘZYK: Niemiecki; polski

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GRAMATYKA JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO STATORIUSA UKAZAŁA SIĘ 450 LAT TEMU. REFLEKSJE O JEJ ZNACZENIU DLA HISTORII POLSKIEGO JEZYKOZNAWSTWA
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GRAMATYKA JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO STATORIUSA UKAZAŁA SIĘ 450 LAT TEMU. REFLEKSJE O JEJ ZNACZENIU DLA HISTORII POLSKIEGO JEZYKOZNAWSTWA

Author(s): Władysław T. Miodunka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

The aim of this paper, concerning the first grammar book of Polish, published by a French, Piotr Statorius, in 1568, is to determine its significance in the history of Polish linguistics. First, the author presented Statorius’s biography and a general description of his work titled “Polonicae grammatices institutio”, with a focus on the influence this grammar book exerted on authors of later ones. Afterwards, he determined its position in the Polish linguistics by referring to the studies by S. Urbańczyk, who associated the beginning of the Polish linguistics with 1751 although he was not consistent about it. In order to get a new perspective on this problem, the author referred to the history of the European linguistics and presented the grammar book by Statorius against many grammar books of modern languages prepared in Europe in the 16th c. Finally, the author recalled the existing “Historia nauki polskiej” (“History of Polish science”) edited by B. Suchodolski (1970), where P. Rybicki recognised P. Statorius and J. Mączyński as the first representatives of “a scientific work on the Polish language”. The author supported this view by arguing in favour of moving the beginning of the Polish linguistics back by 200 years, that is to the 1560s.

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PRZEDROSTKI INTENSYFIKUJĄCE NA- I PRZEW UJĘCIU HISTORYCZNOJĘZYKOWYM
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PRZEDROSTKI INTENSYFIKUJĄCE NA- I PRZEW UJĘCIU HISTORYCZNOJĘZYKOWYM

Author(s): Barbara Mitrenga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

This paper is dedicated to an analysis of morphological exponents of intensification, the origin of which in Polish is associated with Czech influences, i.e. prefixes na- and prze-, from the viewpoint of the history of language. Each of the two parts of the study discusses researchers’ opinions about the genesis of the prefixes, indicates the oldest formations containing them, and points to the frequency of the selected forms in Old Polish and in the 16th c. The observation of the language material excerpted from the studies by e.g. K. Kleszczowa, M. Karpluk and S. Urbańczyk, and from lexicographic and corpus-based sources showed that the adjectival intensives with na- were restricted in Polish to rare accounts in Old Polish and in the 16th c. (nasilny (extremely strong)). The intensification prefix prze- has remained present in the contemporary language in examples such as przemiły (extremely nice), yet the scope of its usage has changed over the ages, since formations based on adjectives marked negatively (przezły (extremely bad)) have vanished.

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WSPÓŁPRACA BRONISŁAWA TRENTOWSKIEGO Z WILEŃSKIM SŁOWNIKIEM JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO… W ŚWIETLE PRZEDMOWY DO SŁOWNIKA I LISTÓW FILOZOFA
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WSPÓŁPRACA BRONISŁAWA TRENTOWSKIEGO Z WILEŃSKIM SŁOWNIKIEM JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO… W ŚWIETLE PRZEDMOWY DO SŁOWNIKA I LISTÓW FILOZOFA

Author(s): Małgorzata B. Majewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

This paper is an attempt to recreate the cooperation between Bronisław Trentowski and the Vilnius lexicography team as part of Słownik języka polskiego (Dictionary of Polish), which was developed in Vilnius in the 19th c. and published by Maurycy Orgelbrand. Przedmowa (Preface), published in the dictionary, and some of the correspondence preserved in its editions were used as sources.

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