Samatähenduslike sünteetiliste ja analüütiliste verbide kasutamine

Author(s): Pille Eslon,Heleriin Paeoja / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 25/2015

The first author of this paper developed an interest in synonymous syntheticand analytic verbs while editing Russian-Estonian-Russian translation dictionaries,upon discovering regularities in the relationships between aspect in Russian verbs and the choice between synthetic and analytic Estonian verbs as translation equivalents.While this phenomenon is rare and difficult to notice, it nevertheless raises questions: when do native speakers prefer to use synthetic and analytic verbs,respectively? In addition to synonymy and simplicity of form (synthetic verbs have only one component, while analytic verbs have at least two), are there other features that affect the choice of synthetic or analytic verbs? The present study aims to answer these questions.Five pairs of synonymous synthetic and analytic verbs are analyzed: igatsema– igatsust tundma ‘to long for, miss’, lahkuma – ära minema ‘to leave’,nõustuma – nõus olema ‘to agree’, muretsema – muret tundma ‘to be worried’,töötama – tööd tegema ‘to work’. We look for linguistic structures characteristic of both members of the given pairs, analyze the limits of their lexico-semanticand morphosyntactic variation, and compare the verbs’ meanings. On the basis of these features, it is possible to determine whether the pairs consist of two distinct verbs or two forms of the same verb. The theoretical-empirical aspect of the study is connected to the hypothesis of contraction of synonymous synthetic and analytic verbs, according to which semantically related synthetic-analytic verb pairs emerge, wherein the synthetic verb is used to denote abstract (inde"-nite) actions and the analytic verb is used for concrete (de"nite) actions. This process is accompanied by structural, morphological, morphosyntactic and lexico-semantic limitations on the usage of the verbs in question. The contractionof synonymous synthetic and analytic verbs is a process that takes place on the lexico-grammatical periphery. These verbs contribute to general linguistic variation,but in addition, a number of lexico-semantic, grammatical and structural restrictions develop on the usage of these verbs. Opposite tendencies – petrification and variation – work toward the same goal.

Eesti-läti koodikopeerimine: adaptsioon ja impositsioon

Author(s): Elīna Joenurma / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1/2016

Language shift among Kurds in Turkey: A spatial and demographic analysis

Author(s): Sinan Zeyneloğlu,Ibrahim Sirkeci,Yaprak Civelek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This study explores language shift and interregional migration among Turkey’s Kurdish-origin population using census data as well as TDHS data. First, the geographical retraction of the Kurdish language between 1945 and 1965 is depicted using respective censuses as data sources. Second, patterns of intergenerational language shift and the effects of migration and education on this shift are elaborated utilising 2003 TDHS data and the 2000 Census data. Interregional mobility by birth regions and language concentration across Turkey has also been mapped. The Kurdish population in Turkey appears to be on the verge of near-universal bilingualism prompting concerns about the future of the language.

Udsali ja Adsele

Author(s): Evar Saar / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 62/2016

The article examines the South Estonian place name cluster Udsali ~ Utsali. This name was used as a peasant surname in the 16th-17th centuries more extensively than in modern-day place names. Attention is also drawn to some mentions from the 16th century which contain the ethnonym-like surname *Udsalane. While in Eesti kohanimeraamat (2016) I conjectured that Udsali is a High German or Jewish loan name, I now believe that the name either comes directly from South Estonian or is a borrowing of nearby southern origin. This surname came into use in the 16th-17th centuries independently in five places near Estonia’s southern border. The old surname Udsali has been compared to the word udsu ‘fog, fluff, plumule’ and the verb udsalõma ‘to hover like fog or dust’. The comparable South Estonian place names Udsu ~ Utsu, which also appear as family names and have previously been used as peasant surnames, are also indigenous. The oldest written mention of Udsu dates back to the 15th century. The meaning ‘fog, fluff, plumule’ could be the basis for the peasant surname, but this is not very likely. Another potential source of the name is the Finnic-Mordvin word for ‘bear’, the Uralic reconstruction of which is *okti. The regular South Estonian equivalent *otś and the genitive form *ote(n) are represented in the word ott, denoting a bear, and the place name Otepää. The place names Otśu, Utso and Udsu could be regarded as having originated from this word. Thus the ethnonym-like surname *udsalane could actually be *utslane ‘bear man’? Another possible explanation for the Udsali name cluster is the connection between the peasant surname and the Belorussian place name Udziela. Presuming that the basis for the surname Udsali ~ Udsalane is an ethnonym no longer in use, one candidate is the, the ancient county Agzele ~ Adsele on the territory of modern-day Latvia, to the south of Southeastern Estonia. The presumed earliest mention of this county comes from the Pskov chronicle from the year 1111: на Очелу (< Очела). In 12th-century Russian chronicles, the inhabitants of Očela are given as Chudes (i.e. Finns). In Old Russian orthography, the short Finnic a was always rendered as o. However, there is no adequate explanation for the change that actually took place in the initial vowel of the name (a > u or a > o > u). The labialization, i.e. change too, of stressed a appears quite often in the local Latvian Malēnieši dialect (as well as in Latgalian). Thus it is plausible that the county name *Odzala and the ethnonym *odzaļi first developed as such in the Latvian-language environment. Borrowed into South Estonian, the initial *ods was adapted to uds. Another possible derivation path is via expressive variation of the ethnonym denoting the neighboring people, wherein the emergence of u could have been supported by the similar-sounding ethnonym ugalane, well known in South Estonia. However, as both of these explanations are somewhat artificial, Udsali and Adsele should be regarded as names that cannot be linked to one another, at least not on the basis of currently existing knowledge. The article presents an improved etymology for the historical place name Adsele (*Adsela) – the name includes the Finnic word *akja ‘edge, brink, border’ an old borrowing from Germanic *agjā. This explanation was first given by Krišjān Ancītis and Aleksandr Jansons in 1967, but their article has remained relatively unknown. It is important to note that this name was initially used for quite a large area, the most important center of which in the 12th century was Alūksne. The original name for the region was later given to the castle built along the Gauja River, called Adsele in German (Latvian Gaujiena, South Estonian Koivaliin). The analysis of the oldest name forms Очела, Agzele and Adsele concludes that the border of the name element goes between Ag+zele, Ad+sele. Thus this name belongs in the same group with a number of other 13th-century Livonian place names ending in -sele: Sattesele, Cubbesele, Vitisele etc. The article does not take a stance on whether the ending -sele (*-sela) contains the weak grade genitive form *-sälä of the Finnic word *selkä ~ sälkä ‘back’ or whether it is a combination of two suffixes (as Paul Alvre has suggested). Therefore, the structures *ad´+sälä and *ad´+se+la are both considered possible.

Kukorelli, Eszter. 2016. Zukunftsbezogene Tempora im Deutschen und Ungarischen in der Nähesprache

Author(s): Márta Müller / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2017

This is a book review of: Kukorelli, Eszter. 2016. Zukunftsbezogene Tempora im Deutschen und Ungarischen in der Nähesprache

Лексика угорського походження та її тлумачення в історичних словниках української мови

Author(s): Elizabeth Baranye / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

The paper based on the work by E. Timchenko “Materials for the dictionary of 15th–18th-century southern Russian written language” represents some words that are similar in pronunciation and meaning in Hungarian and Ukrainian, showing the relationship between these lexical elements, and setting their etymologies

The Hungarian Language After the Political Transition in 1989–1990

Author(s): Géza Balázs / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

The study deals with the phonetic, grammatical and lexical changes of the Hungarian language since the transition of the political and economic system in Hungary in 1990. The author believes that three causes are responsible for the changes: information technology, globalism and linguistic economy. The changes are examined along the dimensions of quality, quantity and society.

К этимологии венгерского названия darázs ‘оса, шершень’

Author(s): András Zoltán / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2010

The Hungarian word darázs ‘wasp’ has no acknowledged etymology in the current dictionaries. In this paper, a Slavic etymology is suggested for the Hungarian word from the verb *dražiti ‘to irritate, to provoke’.

Колористическая тематика в исследованиях венгерских славистов

Author(s): Károly Gadányi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The author gives a review of the Hungarian studies of the past decades in the field of naming and function of colours in different Slavonic languages. He describes the monographs and papers that were written about the colour topic by specialists in Slavonic philology from Budapest, Szombathely, Szeged, Nyíregyháza, and other Hungarian centres of Slavonic studies. He also gives a review of the scientific papers written by Hungarian specialists in Slavonic philology in co-authorship with those from other countries.

Spracherneuerungen in Mitteleuropa im 19. Jahrhundert - Versuch der Herausbildung muttersprachlicher Terminologien in den mitteleuropäischen Sprachen

Author(s): István Nyomárkay / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2008

In Central and Southern Europe, conscious and planned language reform movements started to unfold in the late 18th century, culminating in the middle of the 19th century. The emergence of specialized terminologies of Czech, Hungarian, and Croatian (as well as, to some extent, of Serbian) shows a number of similarities. Their mental roots can be found in the ideas of the enlightenment. Their fundamental aim was to express, in the respective mother tongues, the new terms of civilization in the broadest sense. That aim was served by the language reform movements whose earliest significant results were embodied in German-based terminological dictionaries of the various Slavonic languages published in the mid-19th century. This paper deals with the reasons, antecedents, and results of those movements.

Когда, где и у кого были заимствованы венгерские диалектные слова mont и konta?

Author(s): Sándor Mokány / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1(2)/2007

On the basis of phonological, semantic and lexico-geographical data the author claims that Hungarian dialect words mont ‘grape pressed at harvest’ and konta ‘dock-tailed (mainly hen or pig)’ are loanwords borrowed from Slavic languages before the second part of 10th c. (cf. Proto-Slavic mǫtъ ‘pressed grape’, kǫcъ ‘dock-tailed [mainly hen or pig]’). The people who transferred these words into Hungarian must have belonged to a White Croatian tribe living at that time on the slopes of the North-East Carpathians closer to Hungary.

О пользе книг славянских для истории и этимологии венгерской фразеологии

Author(s): András Zoltán / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1(2)/2007

This paper examines cases when Slavonic parallels of Hungarian phraseologisms help to reveal their common third source (in the analyzed cases—Germ. obs. daran sein ‘to strive for sg, to aim at sg’; Germ. freilassеn ‘to let free’).

Critica et bibliographia

Author(s): I. I. Savickaja,Larisa Stankevich,Michael Moser,Zoltán Farkas,Istvan Frid,Erzsébet Kámán / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2008

Review of: 1. Вугорска-беларускй слоушк. Пад рэд. Атылы ГОЛАТТТА i Ларысы СТАНКЕВШ. I Прэдзьгаэа, 2007. 280 с. - Magyar-fehérorosz szótár. Szerk. HOLLÓS Attila és Larisza SZTANKEVICS. Nyíregyháza, 2007. 280 p. by: И. И. Савицкая (Минск) 2. BELENTSCHIKOW Renate (Hrsg.): Das Russische in zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern. Internationale Fachtagung, Magdeburg, 18.-22.5.2005. БЕЛЕНЧИКОВА Ренате (ред.): Русский язык в двуязычных словарях. Международная научная конференция, Магдебург, 18-22 мая 2005 г. Band 13. 2006. 392 с. by: Лариса Станкевич (Брест—Будапешт) 3. BORYS Wieslaw: Slownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Krakow: Wydawnic- two literackie, 2005. 861 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 4. WITKOWSKI Wieslaw: Nowy slownik zapozyczen polskich w języku rosyjskim. Wydanie drugie, rozszerzone. Kraków: Universitas, 2006. XXIV + 251 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 5. DANYLENKO Andrii: Slavica et Islamica. Ukrainian in Context. (Sagners Slavistische Sammlung 31.) München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2006. 460 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 6. Szűcs Olga: Nyikolaj Bergyajev történetfilozófiája 1901-1924 között írt mű¬vei alapján. Dobroljubov Társadalomtudományi Társaság Közhasznú Egyesület, 2006. 167 p. by: Золтан Фаркаш 7. MARIN EL LI-KÖNIG Gertraud: Russische Kinderliteratur in dér Sowjetunion dér Jahre 1920-1930. Slavistische Beitrage 457. Hrsg. von Peter Rehder. München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2007. 293+7 S. by: Иштван Фрид 8. Studia Russica XXI. Литература и визуальность. Под ред. Анны ХАН И Жужи ХЕТЕНИ. Budapest: Institut Philologiae Slavicae Orientalis et Balticae, 2004. 436 p. by: Эржебет Каман

Hungarian Loanwords in the Dialect Dictionary of Béltince

Author(s): Mária Zsilák / Language(s): English Issue: 1-3/2003

On the basis of Pleteršnik's dictionary and dialectal lexical material collected in his native village of Beltince, Franc Novak compiled a dictionary containing about 8,000 entries. His work was later completed and edited by Vilko Novak. This dialectal dictionary includes a significant number of Hungarian loanwords, lexical elements transferred into the Beltince dialect through Hungarian as an intermediary language, as well as loan translations and words based on a Hungarian model. The present paper describes this lexical material, also discussing problems of phonetic and morphological adaptation these transferred elements undergo. The population of the Porabje region in Slovenia has lived in the natural neighbourhood of Hungarians for centuries. The Beltince dictionary yields a linguistic documentation for this coexistence, contributing not only to research in Slovenian dialectology but also Hungarian-Slovenian language contacts.

The Future of the Finno-Ugric Languages of Russia

Author(s): János Pusztay / Language(s): English Issue: 162/2018

The article is an approch to characterize the situation of Finno-Ugric langauges in Russia in 21st century on the basis of statistical, legal and sociolinguistic sources. Globalisation prevails in a more or less closed, originally multi-lingual and multi-cultural society mainly due to political or ideological reasons. This situation can be observed in case of Finno-Ugric peoples in Russia. Because of political conditions one-sided bilingualism is the entrance hall to a new (Russian) monolingualism.

Srpski i mađarski ekvivalenti engleskih pasivnih konstrukcija

Author(s): Dušanka Zvekić Dušanović,Jelena Redli / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2019

The aim of this paper has been to determine the translation equivalents of passive constructions on the material of three languages, English as a language of the original text, and Serbian and Hungarian as the languages of the translation. The novel “1984“ by George Orwell was chosen as the corpora because it abounds in passive clauses, which is related to the theme and the atmosphere of a totalitarian society in which the agent is often unknown or generalized. The results of the analysis show that the thematically conditioned use of passives in the original text is reflected in the languages of the translations, which is considered non-characteristic for them, with the frequency of passive constructions being somewhat more common in Serbian than in Hungarian. Due to the characteristics of the translation languages, the translators opted for different translation solutions, which is why in the Serbian language almost equally frequent are participle and reflexive passives, while Hungarian translation is dominated by clauses with an indefinite subject and a predicate in the 3rd person plural. Deviations from the form of the original text are most evident in the translation of long passives since active sentences are the most common in both languages.

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ: ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ МОКШАНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ОСВЕЩЕНИИ

Author(s): Anita V. Solovyeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (36)/2020

Review of: Anita V. Solovyeva - Рецензия на книгу: Элементы мокшанского языка в типологическом освещении; Ред. С. Ю. Толдова (отв. ред.), М. А. Холодилова (отв. ред.), С. Г. Татевосов, Е. В. Кашкин, А. А. Козлов, Л. С. Козлов, А. В. Кухто, М. Ю. Привизенцева, И. А. Стенин. — М.: «Буки Веди», 2018. — xxiv + 1014 с. — ISBN 978-5-4465-2097-8. / ELEMENTY MOKSHANSKOGO YAZYKA V TIPOLOGICHESKOM OSVESHCHENII [ELEMENTS OF THE MOKSHA LANGUAGE IN A TYPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE] (MOSCOW, 2018. XXIV + 1014 PAGES)

Угорські запозичення в західноукраїнських топонімічних переказах

Author(s): Lesia Mushketyk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2019

The oral folk prose of Transcarpathia is a valuable source of history and culture of the region. Supplementing the written sources, it has maintained popular attitudes towards events, giving assessments and interpretations that are often different from the official one. In the Ukrainian oral tradition, we find many words borrowed from other languages, in particular Hungarian, which reflects the long period of cohabitation as well as shared historical events and contacts. They also occur in local toponymic legends, which in their own way explain the origin of the local names and are closely linked with the life and culture of the region, contain a lot of ethnographic, historical, mythological, and other information. They are represented mainly by lexical borrowings, Hungarian proper names and realities, which were transformed, absorbed and modified in another system, and, among other things, has served the originality of the Transcarpathian folklore. The process of borrowing the Hungarianisms is marked by heterochronology and a significant degree of assimilation in the receiving environment. It is known about the long-lasting contacts of the Hungarians with Rus at the time of birth of the homeland – the Honfoglalás, as evidenced by the current geographical names associated with the heroes of the events of that time – the leaders of uprisings Attila, Almash, Prince Latorets (the legends Almashivka, About the Laborets and the White Horse Mukachevo Castle). In the names of toponymic legends and writings there are mentions of the famous Hungarian leaders, the leaders of the uprisings – King Matthias Corvinus, Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, Lajos Kossuth (the legends Matyashivka, Bovtsar, Koshutova riberiya). Many names of villages, castles and rivers originate from Hungarian lexemes and are their derivatives, explaining the name itself (narratives Sevlyuskyy castle, Gotar, village Gedfork). The times of the Tatar invasion were reflected in the legends The Great Ravine Bovdogovanya and The village Goronda. Sometimes, the nomination is made up of two words – Ukrainian and Hungarian (Mount Goverla, Canyon Grobtedie). In legends, one can find mythological and legendary elements. The process of borrowing Hungarianisms into Ukrainian is marked by heterochronology, meanwhile borrowings remain unchanged only partially, and in general, they are assimilated in accordance with the phonetic and morphological rules of the Ukrainian language. Consequently, this is a creative process, caused by a number of different factors –social, ethnocultural, aesthetic, etc. In the course of time, events and characters in oral narratives are erased from human memory, so they can be mixed, modified and updated, adapting to new realities.

Critica et Bibliographia

Author(s): Oleg Fedoszov,Marija Mandić,Mladen Pavičič,Péter Milosevits,Siarhiej Zaprudski,Laszlo Yasai / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2019

The review of: 1) PÁTROVICS Péter: A lengyel igeaspektus kérdései. Lengyel–magyar strukturális aspektusszótár [Вопросы польского глагольного вида. Польско-венгерский структурно-аспектуальный словарь]. Budapest: Lengyel Kutatóintézet és Múzeum, 2018. 220 p. 2) WITZLACK-MAKAREVICH Kai (Hg.): Kalkierungs- und Entlehnungssprachen in der Slavia: Boris Unbegaun zum 120. Geburtstag. Berlin: Frank & Timme, 2018. 363 S. 3) SZOFRICS Pál: Képek Szentendre – és a szerbség – történetéből [Images from the History of Szentendre and the Serbs]. (Szentendrei füzetek.) Szentendre: Pest Megyei Könyvtár, 2017. 242 p. 4) JUVAN Marko: Hibridni žanri. Študije o križancih izkustva, mišljenja in literature [Hybrid Genres: Studies on Hybrids of Experience, Thought, and Literature]. Ljubljana: Literarno-umetniško društvo Literatura, 2017. 220 p. 5) ПИЛИПЕНКО Г. Языковая и этнокультурная ситуация воеводинских венгров. Взгляд «изнутри» и «извне». Санкт-Петербург: «Нестор-История», 2017. 336 с. 6) ДРОНОВ П. С. Очерки по культурным трансферам во фразеологии. Москва: Институт языкознания РАН, 2018. 102 с.

The Hungarian Idea at the Millennial Crossroads

Author(s): Daniel M. Pennell / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2005

The review of: 1) A History of Hungary: Millennium in Central Europe by Lázló Kontler. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. pp. 527. 2) The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat, by Paul Lendvai. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003. pp. 572. 3) A Concise History of Hungary, by Miklós Molnár. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. pp. 370.