Salamone corse et Solomonar roumain : la magie pastorale et la figure de Salomon

Author(s): Olena Berezovska Picciocchi / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

This paper examines Corsican and Romanian traditions of mountainous shepherds in the context of the magic quest for milk. This quest is narrated in the tales and in the legends and it is embodied by the magic traditional characters as Corsican Salamone and Romanian Solomonar. Corsican Salamone would like to be the magic specialist of the brocciu’s creation and fabrication. But he can’t. Why? We will try to answer to this question. The brocciu is Corsican typical cheese. Solomonar is a Romanian weatherman who requests for the eggs and for the milk in his village. Why? We will try to answer to this second question. Finally, both characters Salamone and Solomonar are a re-appropriation of the famous mythical character in the Grimoires books, Solomon. This comparative research aims to understand his symbolical role in this ritual quest transformed in the popular narrative tradition.

HÜSEYİNZADE ALİ BEY, AHMET AĞAOĞLU VE TÜRKÇÜLÜK DÜŞÜNCESİ ÜZERİNE…

Author(s): Mehmet Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

Hüseyinzade Ali bey, 24 Şubat 1864’te Kuzey Azerbaycan’ın Salyan şehrinde birçok din adamı yetiştirmiş bir ailenin çocuğu olarak doğmuştur. Küçük yaşlarında annesini ve babasını kaybeden Ali, çocukluk yıllarını o sıralarda Kafkasyalı Müslümanların şeyhülislâmı olan dedesi (annesinin babası) Şeyh Ahmet Salyanî’nin himayesinde, Tiflis şehrinde geçirmiş, Rusça, Farsça ve Arapça öğrenmiştir. Zamanın meşhur ilim adamlarından Şeyh Ahmed’in evinde toplanan Tiflis aydınlarının sohbetleri, henüz ilk gençliğinden itibaren onda edebiyata ve felsefeye büyük ilgi uyandırmıştır.

Koncepcja bestialstwa (thēriotēs) w Etyce Nikomachejskiej Arystotelesa

Author(s): Maria Marcinkowska-Rosół / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article deals with the „brutishness” or „beastliness” (thēriotēs), a concept introduced by Aristotle in the seventh book of the Nicomachean Ethics and defined by him as a negative ethical disposition, different both from vice (kakia) and from incontinence (akrasia), and leading to such pathological behaviours as canibalism, paedophilia, omophagia, phobias and compulsions. Aristotle’s statements concerning the brutishness (VII 1, 1145a15-35, VII 5, 1148b15-1149a24 and VII 6, 1149b23-1150a8) are examined and interpreted in order to clarify the following issues: the essence of the thēriotēs as a specific ethical disposition (Part I-II), its concrete forms and their causes (Part III), the moral-psychological condition of persons with a brutish hexis (Part IV), and their self-consciousness and moral responsibility for their bestial acts (Part V).

Narrative Strategies of the Representation of Consciousness in the Modern Georgian Novel: Post-Soviet Experience (Based on Obole by Aka Morchiladze)

Author(s): Irakli Khvedelidze / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2019

The paper presents the outcomes of the research on the following topic: the formation of the national identity in the Post-Soviet/Post-Communist Georgian literary discourse. The material is taken from Obole – a novel by a famous representative of post-modern Georgian literature Aka Morchiladze. The research methodology consists of cognitive narratology, namely, the narratological knowledge aimed at the study of the character’s consciousness (Palmer 2004, Zunshine 2006). In order to identify the peculiarities of the act of remembering, the research uses various approaches to the research of memory (Neumann 2005, Birke 2008). The aim of the research is to define the role of values, aspirations and opinions (regarding the reality beyond “the iron curtain”), obligations, traumatic experience, action programs (stereotypes) (Antonio Damasio) formed in the Georgian society (on the individual and collective levels) during the Soviet regime in the functioning of the autobiographic self/identity of characters living in the Post-Soviet reality. The research attempts to study how the old model of identity meets human homeostatic and homeodynamic (Antonio Damasio) needs in the new reality of the Post-Communist period. The research also attempts to find out whether the act of remembering (Soviet experience) supports or hampers the formation of the new national identity. Based on the novel under analysis, the research identified the peculiarities of individual and social consciousness in the Post-Soviet reality. Implementation of the above-mentioned objectives clarified the cultural representation of Communism in the Post-Soviet States.

Kim jest Gilbert Blythe? Portrety bohatera w powieści Ania z Zielonego Wzgórza Lucy Maud Montgomery i serialu Ania, nie Anna Moiry Walley-Beckett

Author(s): Karolina Starnawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The author of the article attempts to characterise and compare two creations of Gilbert Blythe – the literary and the TV series ones. Apparently, Gilbert’s character in Moira Walley-Beckett’s TV series (2017–Present) has a different function than in Lucy Maud Montgomery’s novel (1908). Gilbert is a teenager, a pupil at the Avon­lea school, and a boy who competes at school with the titular character of Anne of Green Gables. In the book, we get to know him only through Anne Shirley’s eyes – basing on what she says and thinks about him – and these insights are more opin­ions than facts. In the TV series, however, Gilbert is shown differently, as the crea­tors of Anne with an E devote more screen time to developing this character and to bestowing him with new personality traits. Thanks to this, the relation between Anne and Gilbert becomes deeper and more realistic. The comparative analysis of the character’s creations in both cultural texts is conducted with the use of, inter alia, the tools of gender studies.

Adolescencja jako permanentny kryzys. Filmoterapeutyczna analiza serialu Ania, nie Anna

Author(s): Karolina Gierszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

For many generations of women, Lucy Maud Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables (1908) has been a faithful companion in the process of coming of age. Nevertheless, when judged solely by its setting and timeframe (1870s and 1880s), and the moment of its publication (the beginning of the 20th century), the book might appear some¬what anachronic. Several attempts at bringing Anne’s story to life on both the big and small screen have been made, but only one of them – Moira Walley-Beckett’s Anne with an E (2017–Present), produced for Canadian public network CBC and widely distributed by Netflix − can be said to have captured the novel’s spirit by re-embedding it in a truly modern context. The main goal of this paper is to analyse various elements of Walley-Beckett’s take on Montgomery’s opus with regard to their potential usefulness in therapeutic practice with young adults. The reflec¬tions made in the article are accompanied by contextual references to Hanna Lib-erska’s general model of identity development and Małgorzata Kozubek’s theory of cinema therapy.

Nie tylko Pinokio. Dwa głosy o włoskiej literaturze dziecięcej i młodzieżowej na polskim rynku wydawniczym

Author(s): Dorota Rejter / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Biernacka-Licznar, K. (2018). Serce Pinokia. Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce w latach 1945–1989. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe i Edukacyjne SBP. Ożóg-Winiarska, Z. (2017). Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w zbliżeniach polskich. Kielce: Instytut Filologii Polskiej UJK. In this review article, two publications devoted to the reception of Italian children’s and young adult literature on the Polish publishing market in the 20th and 21st centuries are analysed. The first one – Serce Pinokia. Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce w latach 1945–1989 [Pinocchio’s Heart: Italian Literature for Children and Young Adults in Poland, 1945–1989] by Katarzyna Biernacka-Licznar (2018) – systematises and organises the phenomena concerning the reception of Italian literature for children and youth against the background of dynamic political changes in Poland during the titular period. The second dissertation – Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w zbliżeniach polskich [Italian Literature for Children and Young Adults in Polish Close-ups] by Zofia Ożóg-Winiarska (2017) – is a critical monograph on contemporary Italian literature for young readers which emphasises the aesthetic values of those writings and their complex, multidimensional nature.

Groza doświadczania. Sytuacja graniczna jako obrzęd przejścia w inicjacji dojrzałościowej na przykładzie sztuki dla młodzieży Pacamambo Wajdiego Mouawada

Author(s): Katarzyna Mazur-Lejman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article is a study of Pacamambo (2000), a play by Canadian writer Wajdi Mouawad, which combines the features of an initiation drama with horror elements and shows the nightmare of growing up through unexpected encounters with death. The author shows an analogy between the structure of the rite of passage, proposed by Arnold van Gennep and deepened by Victor Turner, and the aspects related to experiencing oneself in a limit situation in terms of Karl Jaspers and to the poetics of horror. On this basis, she proposes to isolate the tragic model of adolescence (next to the classic – idyllic and romantic – suffering) in which the role of traditional rites is replaced by a limit experience. She indicates that this is a model that we can often come across in contemporary young adult dramas and even in plays for children. She also distinguishes the concept of initiation drama, which still remains outside the area of interest of literary scholars.

ИДЕОЛОШКЕ МАНИФЕСТАЦИЈЕ ШПАНСКОГ ГРАЂАНСКОГ РАТА: ДЕЦА И ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ У ФИЛМОВИМА "ЈЕЗИК ЛЕПТИРА" И "ЦРНИ ХЛЕБ"

Author(s): Irena Selaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

En este artículo presentamos y analizamos las manipulaciones ideológicas de la Guerra Civil española que se reflejaron en los niños a través de la educación en el período entre el establecimiento de la Segunda República y el estallido de la Guerra Civil española, y se mostraron en las películas La lengua de las mariposas y Pan negro. Para presentar las consecuencias ideológicas, estas películas han sido seleccionadas porque reflejan una rutina diaria de los españoles, también muestran la influencia de la guerra en la vida de la gente y de una manera muy clara representan las ideolo- gías políticas de nacionalistas y republicanos. A través de las películas, se presentan ideales, tanto republicanos como nacionalistas, quienes tuvieron influencia directa en la vida de los niños a través de la educación en la escuela. Basándonos en las escenas analizadas de estas dos películas, comparamos la manipulación de los niños antes y después de la Guerra Civil española. Sobre la base de las escenas analizadas, compararemos la medida en que los niños fueron manipulados antes y después de la Guerra Civil española, así como por qué por qué es importante abordar el impacto de la educación y el entorno escolar en los niños en este período.

О ПРИРОДИ И ЗНАЧАЈУ ИСТОРИЈЕ И ФИКЦИЈЕ ( ТЕМАТ ЛИПАРА 70)

Author(s): Dušan R. Živković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 70/2019

БАЛКАН У ПУТОПИСИМА – ИЗМЕЂУ ФИКЦИЈЕ, СУБЈЕКТИВНОСТИ, ОБЈЕКТИВНОСТИ И СТЕРЕОТИПА

Author(s): Ivana Stojanović Šešlak / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 70/2019

The first part of the essay deals with the conflicting opinions of vari- ous different authors regarding the place travel books should occupy in literature. It is often thought that travel books are not only a hybrid genre but that it is also questionable whether they are a genre at all. Although such a level of disagreement regarding travel books does exist, most authors point out the doubtless existence of fictional elements within them. Travel books can range from the ones which are similar to reports (grounded in facts) but are still somewhat subjective, to the ones where fictional elements are clearly dominant. Individual authors of various travel books usually displayed a tendency to take sides in disputes between the various Christian peoples of the Balkans, while there were even those who openly wrote in support of the Ottoman Turks. Although travel books represent a valuable source of facts and information, the question whether the author was objective/subjective remains unanswered. A good example of such tendencies is Black Lamb and Grey Falcon by Rebecca West, as well as Through the Lands of the Serb by Mary Edith Durham. Taking these travel books as examples, we analyse, in broad terms, the question of objectivity/ subjectivity which the reader and researcher of the Balkans must surely face. While the first travel book had received much more publicity over the years, the latter had remained rather obscure. It is an excellent example of how an author can change not only his/her initial views but sides as well, beginning at the positive pole regard- ing the Slavic population of the Balkans and eventually reaching the opposite one.

ZWISCHEN ERINNERUNG UND FIKTION: LITERATURSKANDAL 1995 UM BINJAMIN WILKOMIRSKIS BUCH BRUCHSTÜCKE. AUS EINER KINDHEIT (1939–1948)

Author(s): Siniša Vučenović / Language(s): German Issue: 70/2019

Der Begriff Vergangenheitsbewältigung2 ist eines der wichtigsten Forschungsthemen in Deutsch- land, das sich zur Aufgabe stellt, den Umgang mit der deutschen Vergangenheit des 20. Jahr- hunderts zu erforschen. Dabei wird der Begriff namentlich in Verbindung mit der Aufarbeitung der nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit gebracht und ist somit insbesondere seit den 60er Jahren3 als einer der zentralen Begriffe in die öffentlichen Debatten gerückt. Ein wichtiger Forschungsaspekt stellt die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Holocaust4 an den europäischen Ju- den und die damit verbundenen nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen dar, dem, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die noch wenigen Zeitzeugen, besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wird. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt will der Artikel die Schwierigkeiten bei der literarischen Aufarbeitung der NS-Vergangenheit durch die Zeitzeugen5 exemplarisch behandeln. Das Augenmerk liegt dabei auf dem Verhältnis zwischen dem Erinnern und Fiktion. Als Basistext dient dabei das 1995 beim Suhrkamp Verlag veröffentlichte Buch Bruchstücke. Aus einer Kindheit 1939–1948.

ТЕНДЕНЦИЈА ДЕНОМИНАЦИЈЕ И ПРЕЦРТАВАЊА САВРЕМЕНЕ ИСТОРИЈЕ У КУЛТУРИ ЗАПАДА

Author(s): Ivana Bančević Pejović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 70/2019

The essay is based on postcolonialism and it questions the correlation between official history and the process of dehumanisation by which economically dominating structures endeavour to devaluate other historical perspectives, defy- ing their own versions. Thus, a persistent attempt of imperial forces to impose aˈpatriarchalˈ version of history, as Fredy Perlman would say it, is identified. This eurocentric attempt of outcasting others, is defied by many social critics, such as Brazilian pedagogue Paulo Freire, and American academic, Arab from Palestine Edward Said, as well as writers of alike convictions, for example Eduardo Galeano from Uruguay, and Puerto Rican Jew Aurora Levins Morales, who are proposing hu- manism that Europe has betrayed throughout its history and its betrayal disguised cunningly. Despite the proclamations of these authors that such an one-sided history should be urgently revised, the tendency of overwriting the already accepted parts of history that do not correspond to the interests of the West, doesn’t cease. The afore mentioned process of overwriting (and fabrication of) history refers either to literal doodling over the pages that testify of bloody and genocide concerning events or to a victory of conquered nations over fascism. To the dates which (co)memorate mentioned events, a new aureole is assigned that celebrates new alliances within imperialistic culture. This essay displays the theories to which the empires strive in order to ̎colonize the mind̎ (Thiongo) and ̎dehumanize the oppressed ̎ (Freire), in order to achieve their own economic goals and to preserve the power. It also offers an insight into the mechanism of defence, available to the oppressed so that they can preserve their own history (and culture), and by doing so, their humanity as well.

PARADIGMA ITALIJANSKOG DRUŠTVA U ROMANU CRVENI KARANFIL ELIJA VITTORINIJA

Author(s): Mirza Mejdanija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2020

Following 1925, Italy was facing a downright fascist dictatorship. The ruling politics imposed dictatorship starting with oaths of faithfulness to the regime, all the way to newspapers and school textbooks censorship. The first novel by Elio Vittorini, The Red Carnation, was confiscated by fascist censors, then revised and edited by a Florentine official. The edited and censored novel was published for the first time in 1948 by Mondadori publishing and the version published was not the original version the author himself no longer possessed. The novel tells a story of a local youth, Alessio Mainardi, and his initiation into adult life. He lives in a student dormitory together with other boys of his age. He falls in love with a classmate, Giovanna, and even manages to kiss her on one occasion. As a token of her affection, Giovanna presents him with a red carnation that he keeps and holds dear. He is constantly holding onto this illusion of love and confides in his best friend, Tarquinio. The story in the novel takes place by the end of spring 1924, the days which are in Italy known for the Matteotti affair. Alessio and his friends consider themselves fascist. They attend protests against the Matteotti commemoration organised by antifascists. It is in this novel that Vittorini is trying to resort to a mythical transfiguration owing to which the narrative reality becomes fairytale-like, distant from time and space, without losing anything from its actual heaviness of the balance achieved between myth and reality. By means of a stylistic quest, Vittorini is trying to transfer history into a literary dimension in an allusive and symbolic way. He understands that his duty, as an author, is to transfer historical reality into symbols while the historical events depicted in the novel are the rise of fascism in Italy and Matteottiʼs murder. By means of fairytale imagery, myth and symbol, the author is trying to portray the reality in Italy at the time.

Tommaso Fiore e i corvi di Varsavia

Author(s): Alessandro Ajres / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2020

The book is the commentary of the second trip that Tommaso Fiore made to Poland in 1953. He enthusiastically confronts what he considers enormous progress compared to his first stay (1948) with and, speaking with some representatives of Polish society, he explores various topics such as agriculture, the state-religion relationship, the freedom of intellectuals. A rare and detailed account of what was the Poland of the Fifties seen through the eyes and categories of a great historian.

Narodziny polskiej myśli narodowej – z perspektywy włoskiej

Author(s): Ewa Litwin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article aims to present the work of Daniele Stasi regarding the birth of Polish nationalism. The book was published in 2018 in Italian by FrancoAngeli as Le origini del nazionalismo in Polonia. The author puts forward some theses concerning the process of national building in the period preceding the partitions of Poland, which represents terminus a quo for his analysis of the ideologies related to the national issue and rebirth of Polish state. Terminus ad quem of the author’s analysis is Roman Dmowski’s Myśli nowoczesnego Polaka. Based on rich and interdisciplinary literature, Stasi’s work aims to fill the gap in Italian historiography, related to the birth of Polish nationalism.

Kira jako (nie)obcy. O protagoniście mangi „Death Note” Takeshi Obaty i Tsugumi Ohby

Author(s): Jarosław Dobrzycki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article analyzes the alienation of the main character of the manga series Death Note, who owns the Death Notebook referred to in the title. The said notebook allows to kill any person. Drawing upon the theses of Michel Foucault related to the rights of monarchs of bygone times to condemn individuals to death, and to ritualizing death itself, the author of the article shows Kira as a continuator of the said monarchs. The motif of death from the hands of another person is indicated as a form of revenge for harms suffered by one, based on considerations by Jean Baudrillard. The text also aims to show that comic books are not just entertainment for the masses, but can convey serious content instead.

Pierwszy znak Jezusa

Author(s): Monika Wanat / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 22/2018

Przedmiotem artykułu jest interpretacja i egzegeza pierwszego znaku Jezusa. Omówiony został fragment Ewangelii według św. Jana (J 2,1-12). Badania nad tekstem zostały przeprowadzone metodą retoryczną na podstawie zasad wypracowanych przez biblijną retorykę semicką. Artykuł został podzielony na 3 współzależne od siebie punkty. W pierwszym z nich została dokonana delimitacja tekstu, uzasadniająca podział Ewangelii i wyznaczone granice tekstu. W drugim punkcie została ukazana szczegółowa segmentacja. Najpierw poprzez „spojrzenia z dołu”, aby w trzecim punkcie spojrzeć na tekst całościowo i uzasadnić symetryczno-koncentryczną budowę. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na dokonanie analiz zawartych w drugim punkcie artykułu. Najpierw został przedstawiony kontekst biblijny wybranych zagadnień, a następnie interpretacja każdej z części. Etap ten pozwolił zauważyć powiązania między jednostkami, które zostały opisane w kolejnym punkcie, oraz uzasadnić wykazaną wcześniej figurę kompozycyjną ABCDC’B’A’. Na początku trzeciego punktu przedstawiona została interpretacja siedmiu badanych jednostek w odniesieniu do paralelnych fragmentów, co pozwoliło na wyciągnięcie teologicznych wniosków. Wesele stało się obrazem uczty mesjańskiej. Objawiło Nowe Przymierze, doprowadzone do pełni w nadchodzącej „godzinie” Jezusa. Chwała Boża stała się dostępna dla każdego wypełniającego wolę Chrystusa. Wielką pomocą stała się dla ludzi Maryja, Matka Jezusa – pośredniczka między Jej Synem i ludem.

Wszystkie Kościoły poznają, że „JA JESTEM” jest sprawiedliwym sędzią czynów człowieka (Ap 2,18-29)

Author(s): Tomasz Daniła / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 22/2018

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest uzasadnienie postawionej tezy: JA JESTEM jest sprawiedliwym sędzią czynów człowieka na podstawie Listu do Kościoła w Tiatyrze (Ap 2,18-29). W analizowanym tekście pojawia się temat dobrych i złych uczynków człowieka oraz odpłaty za nie ze strony Boga w postaci kary lub nagrody. To właśnie temat sądu nad człowiekiem stał się inspiracją do postawienia takiej tezy. Do wykazania prawdziwości powyższej tezy zastosowano metodę właściwą dla hebrajskiej retoryki semickiej. Posłużono się również współczesnymi komentarzami egzegetycznymi. W tym celu dokonano w punkcie pierwszym podziału tekstu na mniejsze jednostki wraz z uzasadnieniem tego podziału, wykazując strukturalne zależności wewnątrz każdej z nich. Drugi punkt zawiera opis każdej z części, a także zależności, jakie występują pomiędzy nimi w całym tekście z uwzględnieniem kompozycyjnym figur retorycznych. Dzięki temu możliwe było dostrzeżenie, iż poszczególne części odpowiadają sobie wzajemnie. To pozwoliło wysunąć wniosek, że tekst posiada budowę symetryczno-koncentryczną i możliwe było wskazanie części centralnej, w której jest wprost mowa o odpłacie za popełniane uczynki. W trzecim punkcie zostały podjęte wysiłki dotyczące interpretacji treści Listu. Ukazano w nim kontekst biblijny i kulturowy badanego tekstu, dokonano jego egzegezy, a następnie wyprowadzono teologię. W ten sposób możliwe jest odczytanie na nowo Listu do Kościoła w Tiatyrze – z większym zrozumieniem symboli w nim zawartych, jak też całym jego przesłaniem.

“FEMINE ERRANTI”: BIBLIJSKE ŽENE U DJELIMA TALIJANSKIH RENESANSNIH UMJETNICA

Author(s): Dubravka Dulibić-Paljar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2020

Review of: Dubravka Dulibić-Paljar - Francesca Maria Gabrielli, Evine kćeri: žene o biblijskim ženama u talijanskoj renesansi. Zagreb: Disput. 2019. 217. str.