Salamone corse et Solomonar roumain : la magie pastorale et la figure de Salomon

Author(s): Olena Berezovska Picciocchi / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

This paper examines Corsican and Romanian traditions of mountainous shepherds in the context of the magic quest for milk. This quest is narrated in the tales and in the legends and it is embodied by the magic traditional characters as Corsican Salamone and Romanian Solomonar. Corsican Salamone would like to be the magic specialist of the brocciu’s creation and fabrication. But he can’t. Why? We will try to answer to this question. The brocciu is Corsican typical cheese. Solomonar is a Romanian weatherman who requests for the eggs and for the milk in his village. Why? We will try to answer to this second question. Finally, both characters Salamone and Solomonar are a re-appropriation of the famous mythical character in the Grimoires books, Solomon. This comparative research aims to understand his symbolical role in this ritual quest transformed in the popular narrative tradition.

HÜSEYİNZADE ALİ BEY, AHMET AĞAOĞLU VE TÜRKÇÜLÜK DÜŞÜNCESİ ÜZERİNE…

Author(s): Mehmet Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

Hüseyinzade Ali bey, 24 Şubat 1864’te Kuzey Azerbaycan’ın Salyan şehrinde birçok din adamı yetiştirmiş bir ailenin çocuğu olarak doğmuştur. Küçük yaşlarında annesini ve babasını kaybeden Ali, çocukluk yıllarını o sıralarda Kafkasyalı Müslümanların şeyhülislâmı olan dedesi (annesinin babası) Şeyh Ahmet Salyanî’nin himayesinde, Tiflis şehrinde geçirmiş, Rusça, Farsça ve Arapça öğrenmiştir. Zamanın meşhur ilim adamlarından Şeyh Ahmed’in evinde toplanan Tiflis aydınlarının sohbetleri, henüz ilk gençliğinden itibaren onda edebiyata ve felsefeye büyük ilgi uyandırmıştır.

Koncepcja bestialstwa (thēriotēs) w Etyce Nikomachejskiej Arystotelesa

Author(s): Maria Marcinkowska-Rosół / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article deals with the „brutishness” or „beastliness” (thēriotēs), a concept introduced by Aristotle in the seventh book of the Nicomachean Ethics and defined by him as a negative ethical disposition, different both from vice (kakia) and from incontinence (akrasia), and leading to such pathological behaviours as canibalism, paedophilia, omophagia, phobias and compulsions. Aristotle’s statements concerning the brutishness (VII 1, 1145a15-35, VII 5, 1148b15-1149a24 and VII 6, 1149b23-1150a8) are examined and interpreted in order to clarify the following issues: the essence of the thēriotēs as a specific ethical disposition (Part I-II), its concrete forms and their causes (Part III), the moral-psychological condition of persons with a brutish hexis (Part IV), and their self-consciousness and moral responsibility for their bestial acts (Part V).

Изучаване на мита за Прометей в VIII клас – възможности за съпоставки

Author(s): Nikolay Metev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

This article presents variants for organizing the study of the myth for Prometheus in eight grade, that are designed in attempt at diversify the forms of interaction between the pupils and the teacher. A comparison with two other works – the poem “Prometheus” of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1774) and the story “Punishment for Prometheus” of Czech author Karel Chapek (included in book “Apocrypha”, 1932) – could be made in the lessons. The article comments the necessity of creating such conditions for self-dependent work of pupils that can motivate them for appearance in front of the class. This also leads to a profound interpretation of the myth.

The Consciousness of the Posthuman in Peter Watts’ Blindsight

Author(s): Michał Różycki / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2017

The purpose of the paper is to analyze what seems to be one of the main themes of Blindsight – the treatment of the human brain and consciousness as yet another part of the body that can be enhanced to maximize its efficiency, with all the unnecessary parts to be remade or removed. This point seems to be emphasized by Watts’s characterization of the extraterrestrials – star faring, resilient and superintelligent, but lacking any sort of individuality or consciousness. Having, or being,a “self” is, it would seem, more of a flaw than a positive trait.

Representation of mental oddity in two novels by Philip K. Dick

Author(s): Damian Podleśny / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2017

The paper focuses on two novels featuring several examples of Dick’s characters who experience mental incapacities, breakdowns or suffer from serious mental states. In one of his novels, Martian Time-Slip (1964), the writer makes use of the possibilities of the “space-opera” setting to create a dramatic narrative featuring two people whose comprehension of the surrounding reality differs from that of the “normal” characters. The novel discusses the social incongruity of those who are considered mentally ill, and their struggle to overcome society’s conformity and ignorance, when it comes to accepting such people in society. The two focal characters are Manfred Steiner and Jack Bohlen; the former is an autistic child and the latter suffers from a latent form of schizophrenia. Both of them struggle to survive in the grim and oppressive environment of human colonies on Mars. In a much later novel, A Scanner Darkly (1977), Dick explores the process of gradual disintegration of human mind, resulting from excessive use of drugs. Bob Arctor, a local junkie, who is, in fact, an under-cover government agent, infiltrates the community of drug users. However, his cover forces him to take drugs, which leads him to serious brain damage resulting in schizophrenic fits and imminent mental disintegration.

“No amount of serotonin will bring Darcy to the door.” Understanding mental illness in contemporary autobiographical writing in English

Author(s): Katarzyna Szmigiero / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2017

Autobiographic writing about the experience of illness is becoming increasingly popular in English-language literature. Among many subjects addressed in patographies, the origin and treatment of mental disorders is a recurrent theme. Authors who have received a psychiatric diagnosis analyse the nature of their mental suffering, attributing it to biology, upbringing, traumatic life events or cultural stressors. Their opinions make an important contribution to contemporary discussions about mental health issues, gender roles and medicalisation of everyday life.The aim of this article is to present various approaches to mental illness and the brain-mind dichotomy voiced in many narratives. Although contemporary psychiatry tends to see mental disorders as brain diseases, some patients find this view reductionist as it robs them of agency. Others, on the other hand, support the biomedical model of madness and seem fascinated with neurological and biochemical explanations of their own moods and emotions. The third group comprises individuals who try to find an eclectic explanation, combining biology and socio-cultural factors.

Being her own biographer – Su Meck’s memoir I Forgot to Remember and the fallibility of memory from the perspective of neuroscience and cognitive psychology

Author(s): Anita Jarczok / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2017

Su Meck’s memoir relates her loss of memory as a result of the brain injury that she suffered when a kitchen fan fell on her head. Meck never recovered her memories from before the incident, and for some time after it she was also unable to form any new memories. In this dramatic account of the loss of memory, Meck tries to understand her experiences and to rebuild her sense of self. I describe the dire consequences of such a total memory failure, especially to our sense of self. However, I also argue that this memoir is about the fallibility of memory in general, not only in such an extreme case as the brain injury. Trying to reconstruct her story, Meck discovers that others have either incomplete or conflicting stories to tell her. I Forgot to Remember brings the transient and biased nature of our own memories into sharp focus. However, Meck’s narrative not only exposes the limitation of our memory and highlights its importance to our sense of self but also brings to light the fluid boundaries of various life writing genres and reveals the pitfalls of placing too much emphasis on memory in relation to self.

Z problematyki badań nad językiem polskich przekładów „Historii Aleksandra Wielkiego”

Author(s): Rafał Zarębski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2018

The author presents the research on lexis and style of Polish translations of „The Story of Alexander the Great” – a manuscript translation by Leonard of Bończa (1510) and an anonymous print publication of 1550 as a comparative source; both sources constitute a series of translations. The manuscript provides an interesting lexical material (especially various synonymic equivalents placed in the glosses), which can broaden our knowledge on the affluence of lexical resource of Old Polish language. The study of translational practice of a medieval author opens up new perspectives of research, because of varied use of Latin in Polish language. The 16th century print publication sheds some light on the stylistic and linguistic characteristics of the manuscript, indicating constant and variable elements of the language.

„Zebra”, „Opowieści spod oliwnego drzewa” i „Bahar znaczy wiosna” jako nowe propozycje lekturowe o wielokulturowości

Author(s): Lucyna Sadzikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article aims at presenting children’s and youth books published in 2013, 2014 and 2015 by the publishing house called ‘Poławiacze Pereł’. The author analyses the content of three short stories: „The Zebra” by Ifi Ude, „Bahar Means Spring” by Agnieszka Aysen Kaim and „Tales Under the Olive Tree” by Aida Amer. The article author presents her considerations on multiculturalism as a subject of Polish education. The students’ comprehension of ‘otherness’ may enable them to respect and accept the differences in race, appearance, religion, behaviour, culture, clothing and preferences.

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS FOR IASA 8TH WORLD CONGRESS. Laredo TX, 12–21 July 2017

Author(s): Manuel Broncano Rodríguez / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Laredo is located in the vicinity of the Rio Grande/Bravo, in many senses the epitome of the border, of the frontier, of the “limen” in its etymological sense of “threshold,” “doorway,” or “limit.” The general theme of our reunion was “Marginalia: The Borders of the Border,” and the contributions the IASA members made addressed this theme from multiple perspectives, thus leading to most enriching discussions about one of the most written about topics in the scholarship of the last few decades. Such a topic has rekindled new interest, especially in the light of the recent political transformations in many regions of the globe, which are leading to revived feelings of essentialist nationalism and its atavistic fears of the other, call it the immigrant, the dissenter or, if you want, the barbarian. It is happening in Turkey, it is happening in Poland, it is happening in Britain, it is happening in the US. In this context, borders and walls, both physical and ideological, are being erected once again. Marginalia, in turn, is a Latin term that in its origins referred to the inscriptions that monks and other amanuensis made on the empty space surrounding the body of text inscribed on a parchment. Romance languages are largely the product of marginal inscriptions on Latin manuscripts. Thus, the first manifestations of the Spanish language are found in the glosses that monks scribbled on the margins of those manuscripts to clarify and comment on words whose meaning was already obscure for the medieval reader, and those annotations were made in the new romance language, which was nothing but macaronic Latin. By extension, marginalia refers to those writings that do not belong in the canonical body of works of a culture or civilization, and is close in meaning to apocryphal. Furthermore, it can be understood as referring to the interstices that exist between two or more cultures, nations, or religions. In our usage of the term, marginalia refers to those areas of the world that are populated by displaced or uprooted individuals, limbic spaces in which mere survival may become an illegal activity. The present address seeks to explicate the essence of the basic concepts underlying—and driving—the theme of the Congress.

Kształtowanie tożsamości awatara w grach komputerowych. Studium komputerowych adaptacji „Waldena” Henry’ego Davida Thoreau

Author(s): Izabela Tomczak,Paweł Stachura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2018

The article discusses possibilities of character building in computer games, which for many gamers is a way of expressing and modifying their own identity. Games differ in the degree of freedom given to a gamer in shaping the identity of the in-game character, or avatar, and in many games avatar-formation is an important part of game structure, providing a lot of game satisfaction, and requiring as much time and involvement as the game-play itself. The games under discussion are adaptations of H.D. Thoreau’s „Walden”. The choice of games stems from the observation that identity, freedom, and limitation are important themes of Thoreau’s work, which is reflected in the games under discussion. The three games discussed in the article are, thus, treated as modernist and postmodernist readings of a literary text, giving the reader/gamer more or less limited possibilities of shaping the character/avatar.

За книгата: Пенка Данова (съст. и прев.). Джовани Киаромани и неговото пътуване от Виена до Бурса през 1659 г.

Author(s): Rossitsa Gradeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Предложение за промяна. За книгата: Амелия Личева. Световен ли е „Нобел“?

Author(s): Miglena Nikolchina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Narrative Strategies of the Representation of Consciousness in the Modern Georgian Novel: Post-Soviet Experience (Based on Obole by Aka Morchiladze)

Author(s): Irakli Khvedelidze / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2019

The paper presents the outcomes of the research on the following topic: the formation of the national identity in the Post-Soviet/Post-Communist Georgian literary discourse. The material is taken from Obole – a novel by a famous representative of post-modern Georgian literature Aka Morchiladze. The research methodology consists of cognitive narratology, namely, the narratological knowledge aimed at the study of the character’s consciousness (Palmer 2004, Zunshine 2006). In order to identify the peculiarities of the act of remembering, the research uses various approaches to the research of memory (Neumann 2005, Birke 2008). The aim of the research is to define the role of values, aspirations and opinions (regarding the reality beyond “the iron curtain”), obligations, traumatic experience, action programs (stereotypes) (Antonio Damasio) formed in the Georgian society (on the individual and collective levels) during the Soviet regime in the functioning of the autobiographic self/identity of characters living in the Post-Soviet reality. The research attempts to study how the old model of identity meets human homeostatic and homeodynamic (Antonio Damasio) needs in the new reality of the Post-Communist period. The research also attempts to find out whether the act of remembering (Soviet experience) supports or hampers the formation of the new national identity. Based on the novel under analysis, the research identified the peculiarities of individual and social consciousness in the Post-Soviet reality. Implementation of the above-mentioned objectives clarified the cultural representation of Communism in the Post-Soviet States.

Kim jest Gilbert Blythe? Portrety bohatera w powieści Ania z Zielonego Wzgórza Lucy Maud Montgomery i serialu Ania, nie Anna Moiry Walley-Beckett

Author(s): Karolina Starnawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The author of the article attempts to characterise and compare two creations of Gilbert Blythe – the literary and the TV series ones. Apparently, Gilbert’s character in Moira Walley-Beckett’s TV series (2017–Present) has a different function than in Lucy Maud Montgomery’s novel (1908). Gilbert is a teenager, a pupil at the Avon­lea school, and a boy who competes at school with the titular character of Anne of Green Gables. In the book, we get to know him only through Anne Shirley’s eyes – basing on what she says and thinks about him – and these insights are more opin­ions than facts. In the TV series, however, Gilbert is shown differently, as the crea­tors of Anne with an E devote more screen time to developing this character and to bestowing him with new personality traits. Thanks to this, the relation between Anne and Gilbert becomes deeper and more realistic. The comparative analysis of the character’s creations in both cultural texts is conducted with the use of, inter alia, the tools of gender studies.

Adolescencja jako permanentny kryzys. Filmoterapeutyczna analiza serialu Ania, nie Anna

Author(s): Karolina Gierszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

For many generations of women, Lucy Maud Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables (1908) has been a faithful companion in the process of coming of age. Nevertheless, when judged solely by its setting and timeframe (1870s and 1880s), and the moment of its publication (the beginning of the 20th century), the book might appear some¬what anachronic. Several attempts at bringing Anne’s story to life on both the big and small screen have been made, but only one of them – Moira Walley-Beckett’s Anne with an E (2017–Present), produced for Canadian public network CBC and widely distributed by Netflix − can be said to have captured the novel’s spirit by re-embedding it in a truly modern context. The main goal of this paper is to analyse various elements of Walley-Beckett’s take on Montgomery’s opus with regard to their potential usefulness in therapeutic practice with young adults. The reflec¬tions made in the article are accompanied by contextual references to Hanna Lib-erska’s general model of identity development and Małgorzata Kozubek’s theory of cinema therapy.

Nie tylko Pinokio. Dwa głosy o włoskiej literaturze dziecięcej i młodzieżowej na polskim rynku wydawniczym

Author(s): Dorota Rejter / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Biernacka-Licznar, K. (2018). Serce Pinokia. Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce w latach 1945–1989. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe i Edukacyjne SBP. Ożóg-Winiarska, Z. (2017). Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w zbliżeniach polskich. Kielce: Instytut Filologii Polskiej UJK. In this review article, two publications devoted to the reception of Italian children’s and young adult literature on the Polish publishing market in the 20th and 21st centuries are analysed. The first one – Serce Pinokia. Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce w latach 1945–1989 [Pinocchio’s Heart: Italian Literature for Children and Young Adults in Poland, 1945–1989] by Katarzyna Biernacka-Licznar (2018) – systematises and organises the phenomena concerning the reception of Italian literature for children and youth against the background of dynamic political changes in Poland during the titular period. The second dissertation – Włoska literatura dla dzieci i młodzieży w zbliżeniach polskich [Italian Literature for Children and Young Adults in Polish Close-ups] by Zofia Ożóg-Winiarska (2017) – is a critical monograph on contemporary Italian literature for young readers which emphasises the aesthetic values of those writings and their complex, multidimensional nature.

Groza doświadczania. Sytuacja graniczna jako obrzęd przejścia w inicjacji dojrzałościowej na przykładzie sztuki dla młodzieży Pacamambo Wajdiego Mouawada

Author(s): Katarzyna Mazur-Lejman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article is a study of Pacamambo (2000), a play by Canadian writer Wajdi Mouawad, which combines the features of an initiation drama with horror elements and shows the nightmare of growing up through unexpected encounters with death. The author shows an analogy between the structure of the rite of passage, proposed by Arnold van Gennep and deepened by Victor Turner, and the aspects related to experiencing oneself in a limit situation in terms of Karl Jaspers and to the poetics of horror. On this basis, she proposes to isolate the tragic model of adolescence (next to the classic – idyllic and romantic – suffering) in which the role of traditional rites is replaced by a limit experience. She indicates that this is a model that we can often come across in contemporary young adult dramas and even in plays for children. She also distinguishes the concept of initiation drama, which still remains outside the area of interest of literary scholars.

ИДЕОЛОШКЕ МАНИФЕСТАЦИЈЕ ШПАНСКОГ ГРАЂАНСКОГ РАТА: ДЕЦА И ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ У ФИЛМОВИМА "ЈЕЗИК ЛЕПТИРА" И "ЦРНИ ХЛЕБ"

Author(s): Irena Selaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

En este artículo presentamos y analizamos las manipulaciones ideológicas de la Guerra Civil española que se reflejaron en los niños a través de la educación en el período entre el establecimiento de la Segunda República y el estallido de la Guerra Civil española, y se mostraron en las películas La lengua de las mariposas y Pan negro. Para presentar las consecuencias ideológicas, estas películas han sido seleccionadas porque reflejan una rutina diaria de los españoles, también muestran la influencia de la guerra en la vida de la gente y de una manera muy clara representan las ideolo- gías políticas de nacionalistas y republicanos. A través de las películas, se presentan ideales, tanto republicanos como nacionalistas, quienes tuvieron influencia directa en la vida de los niños a través de la educación en la escuela. Basándonos en las escenas analizadas de estas dos películas, comparamos la manipulación de los niños antes y después de la Guerra Civil española. Sobre la base de las escenas analizadas, compararemos la medida en que los niños fueron manipulados antes y después de la Guerra Civil española, así como por qué por qué es importante abordar el impacto de la educación y el entorno escolar en los niños en este período.