The Benefit of Using of Authentic Materials and New Technologies in the Culture Teaching in Foreign Languages’ Classes

Author(s): Sonila PIRI,Aida Gjinali / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

The first part provides an analysis of the concept of culture: the one related with the academic meaning of the word, which expresses the level of a society’s evolution regarding literature, music, and painting, i.e. artistic and intellectual expressions of a society. In addition, this concept includes the anthropological perspective which encompasses the way of life, customs, traditions, beliefs, mindsets, principles, as well as abilities that the individual and the community in which he lives have developed. Further on, an analysis is provided of the concept of culture in glottodidactics and its importance in the program of studying a foreign language. The second part highlights the importance of learning culture and civilization in the foreign language classroom; this is a major task which every teacher and instructor should pay close attention to: when learning a foreign language it not only necessary to acquire knowledge of its morphology and syntax, but also to study aspects of culture and civilization. In order to optimally achieve this, the teacher can use different methods to analyze cultural differences; for example comparisons, simulations, newspapers, media and the classroom too. The third part focuses on the importance of authentic material as this material originally reflects the culture in a particular moment and context. In this way, by the use of this material, the teacher provides students with a way of understanding situations and foreigners’ behavior, in this case the persons who represent the culture and the language being learnt. New technology, such as video and internet, is very good sources of authentic material. Internet is particularly a mere environment where students can interact in order to improve their communicative competences and where they can discover the culture of the language which they are learning.

The Oldest Object that Proves the Existence of a Method of Calculation

Author(s): Anamaria Lepcaliuc / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

Society we live in teaches us to think interdisciplinary, to move easily from one area to another and successfully fulfill social roles we are ready. Interdisciplinary connections are not univocal, meaning that the flow of information is one way for an activity; communication takes place in both directions, from one activity to another and vice versa. Interdisciplinary approach assumes that any educational discipline not a closed area, but can establish links between disciplines. The history of mathematics is a field of study is an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and in a broader sense, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Mathematics is the oldest science, history stretching over several millennia and in many geographical areas simultaneously in the Far East to Central America, and in Asia Minor and Africa to Europe. With good reason, most researchers have considered the evolution of culture and civilization that preceded the writing mathematics, since the discovery of bones with notches, which dates back over 20,000 years BC Belgian geologist Jean de Heinzelin of Braucourt, in 1950, found in volcanic ash on the bank of a lake in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, on the border between Congo and Uganda, which later was called "bone / stick Ishango" more exactly two bones of about 10 to 14 inches, with multiple incisions and secured with a piece of quartz in the thin end of one of the two bones. Notch, not random, are indicative of counting systems, in base 10, and some basic arithmetic.

Teaching Spanish in Albania Before and After the ‘90

Author(s): Prodani Anastasi,Aida Gjinali,Sandra GJOKA / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

In Albania, the teaching of Spanish language at schools dates back to 1979. It began for the first time in the high school of foreign languages "Asim Vokshi", where only one language was taught as a foreign language despite the fact that other languages such as English, Russian, French were offered , too, and in 1979 German and Italian was also included. The introduction of Spanish language in 1979 was inevitable due to the necessity of using Spanish manuals. It is a known fact that Albania before the '90s was an isolated country with a communist regime and finding manuals for learning Spanish language was fairly difficult. It was impossible to find or to select an adequate manual as there was none. There was no market at all for Spanish books. You could not find Spanish manuals neither in the National Library nor in other regional libraries. In such a situation of total lack, the only source was the personal library of some Spanish people, Marxist- Leninist ones, the first professors of Spanish language in Albania during the ‘70s and the ‘80s, who were members of the Communist (M-L) Party of Spain and came to Albania to teach Spanish but also to help the communist propaganda for the socialist model built in Albania. The purpose of our paper besides presenting a brief history of Spanish language teaching in Albania is also to bring in focus the examination of Spanish manuals used for more than 30 years, analyzing the manuals before and after the '90s, and to see what was offered then and what is offered today when Spanish is taught not only as a Foreign Language (E / LE), but also as a Content-Based Language

A Cognitive Process in Second Language Acquisition through Speech Errors Analyses

Author(s): Akbarov Azamat / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Speech accidents can also be evaluated by some psychological constraints as some of the interfering effects of the producing some sounds may cause slip of tongue in the coding-encoding process. Such an error is the result of the transposing of initial sounds of two words; what's more, spoonerism as a linguistic deviation refers to the speech errors of L2 learners while it can also be related to the ones of native speakers. Especially errors in the verbal production of the L2 learners stem from some slips of tongue, which hinder the intended message as a result of some psychological conditions, and sometimes they may convey unintended humorous meaning codes. Spoonerisms of the L2 learners are tried to be explained by a psycholinguistics perspective. In this context, the linguistic conditions that sanction the slips of tongue will be explained through cognitive processes.

An Adequate Conception of the Human Good, a Preface to Alisdair MacIntyre

Author(s): Stanislaw Barszczak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Some think that Virtue ethics by A. MacIntyre was the only solution to the moral vacuum in society. Responsibility as an essential. And what is a virtue? To know and understand the modern development of virtue ethics by Alisdaire MacIntyre, learning objective the best way to fill the moral vacuum is to chart our moral virtues. We believe the same thing. Alisdair Chalmers MacIntyre (born 1929) is a Scottish philosopher primarily known for his contribution to moral and political philosophy. He is an extremely influential Catholic philosopher. The thinker directed toward metaphysics, because modern ethical study has lost its way. Since the enlightenment ethics has been dominated by normative theories. The thinker moreover, he understands that there is no past to which we might return. The philosophical task of Alisdaire MacIntyre is to account both for the dysfunctional quality of moral discourse within modern society and rehabilitate what he takes to be a forgotten alternative in the teleological rationality of Aristotelian virtue ethics. MacIntyre's thought is revolutionary as it articulates a politics of self-defence for local communities that aspire to protect their practices and sustain their way of life from corrosive effects of the capitalist economy. The theory of virtue in this respect is open to God. Theory of virtue, being a person with a certain quality of character. As, however, the civilizational progress, higher and higher forms of self-love guide our morality. Civilized man does not act so wickedly, above all that he too much self respect has. Though his respect for himself also produces the appropriate attitude to morality. Virtue ethics refers primarily to the nature of the person. Here I have to be honest, happy, I know how to behave. Due to this process we need to understand each other, we need to practice. We need to reach a certain capacity. Thus need more rules. I gained knowledge of certain principles, it owned a habitual. Whereas the defense of morality the “ethics of dilemma” approach to morality forgets an essential part of ethics - the Person's character and how personal moral growth is encouraged, A. MacIntyre noticed. Saint Thomas but gave bad person narration, which is different from the narrative people by MacIntyre. In the midst of human feelings and common disputes, we are looking for the ultimate truth. A natural morality is forged by people over time through trial and error. For MacIntyre, the practices necessary for training in practical reason through which we acquire the ability to act intelligibly requires the systematic growth of human potential by acquired excellence that cannot help but challenge the character of modern moral practice and theory. We must learn to respond to the feelings that accompany all of us, and are formed preferably in small communities. MacIntyre has sought to help us repair our lives by locating those forms of life that make possible moral excellence. Alisdair MacIntyre convincingly proves that rationality and ethics are inseparable; that it is impossible for the unjust person to think rationally, or for the irrational person to be just. According to MacIntyre's moral language expresses no International Journal of Social and Educational Innovation (IJSEI) No.1/ 2014 38 feeling, but the attitude. We need to find the means to realize the virtues, shape different attitudes and dispositions. Virtue ethics is different from the ethics act. The act is like at the beginning of the great task of shaping a complete man. You have to open up to life, which is good! Make your best. Today, the state of well-being is sought, it is therefore necessary to achieve appropriate social institutions. Virtues as understood by MacIntyre, as some features acquired; as a response to the need for historical descent into the depths of human feelings, they remain inevitable, tighter say, unavoidable for the growth of the human family. This is contemporary virtue ethics Alisdair MacIntyre.

Positive Climate and Motivation, Achilles’ Heel in Classes and Schools

Author(s): Aida Gjinali / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The purpose of this research is to treat and identify two major factors that influence teaching, the creation of a positive climate and motivation, which should be encouraged and created with the purpose of successfully fulfilling not just the school programme and objectives defined by it, but also for a psycho-physiological and emotional wellbeing of the student. A good psycho-physical and emotional well-being of the student provide for a better motivation, and, of course, for a better performance. It happens often that teachers concentrate more in the fulfilment of the scholastic programme and neglect or consider it as a loss of time the issue of a positive climate and motivation of students. It goes without saying that learning implies the student’s individual desire, besides the scholastic obligation. This desire which can be instinctive but sometimes driven from family, school and society, is often presented with obstacles during the school year, such as lack of interest, lack of desire to attend classes, lack of desire to learn a subject or all subjects up to total refusal, which endanger the school progress. The causes that influence such a demise are of many forms and different natures, both internal and external, and they increase the student’s affective filter and create psychological barriers which lead to letdown and fail to achieve the defined objectives of subject/s, and they also give way to internal thoughts of incapability and lack of integration in class and in relationship with others, a low self esteem and total lack of want. The concept of the classroom as a sole group where everyone is equal and where everyone receives in the same way motivation, affection and interaction is essential for the creation of a positive climate. By taking into account the factors that influence such discouraging barriers, there comes forth the need for the teacher to search within oneself and his teaching method for the solutions. This means, he has to look for and use new and diverse techniques and strategies that encourage a positive and motivating climate for the students. The teacher should clarify and increase his teaching performance, he should find other motivating forms and he should not let himself get lost in the daily routine and personal discouragement. Students are very sensitive to the teacher’s model and presented teaching method, therefore, in order to achieve the target of a more efficient class, it is needed a thorough internal and external renovation, both theoretical and practical.

Un topos de la refléxivité dans l’œuvre d’Octavian Paler*

Author(s): Carmina Simona (Stoian) Miron / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2010

This essay is an approach to a defining element of the literary of Octavian Paler, one of the most representative names of posttotalitare literature, a representative of contemporary Romanian literature essays area. Combining the memories, the confessions, the travel journal and the letter in boundary formula of the essay, Octavian Paler shapes an universe dominated by myths, but reflected in his inner world and contaminated with his existentiale obsessions. Whatever places he travels (Greece, Egypt, Italy or Mexico), his eye is always turned to himself. His universe, faithfully translated in his books, is a world of pure subjectivity in which myth and biography meet. Thus, a symbolic space is born, a place of birth and becoming . Regarded as a symbol of genesis, this topos is shaped both as a relief area, the mountain, and toponymy suggestion , Lisa. Octavian Paler aims not so much to the remembrance of an age, that of childhood, but to reshaping a world, a space of eternity. ("Something of a peasant in the urban luster I have left until now and, perhaps, in the depths of my melancholy, I kept the rain flavor of Lisa, remained like moisture in old trees grown in places far from the sun "- Desert forever)

De vorbă cu academicianul NICOLAE BREBAN despre statutul scriitorului în perioada postdecembristă

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2010

N.B.: Aveţi o temă pretenţioasă. Dialogurile ideologice - m-au sunat deja la un mic interviu şi le-am spus deja că - şi cultura e ideologie. Deci e un sistem de idei. Din păcate, marea presă ideologică, dacă vreţi, politică, sociologică, nu prea se ocupă de cultură, cum nu s-au ocupat nici guvernele în ultimii 20 de ani. Vedeţi că bugetul culturii este penibil, 0,13 – 0,16, din care, mare parte merge la patrimoniu, nu merge la cultură, unde sunt licitaţii etc. Şi ceea ce e grav e că, şi asta o critic eu de multă vreme, după Revoluţie, faptul că statul român s-a retras din susţinerea financiară a culturii. La o întrunire, acum vreo 15 ani, l-am incitat pe un fost ministru a spune că ar vrea totuşi ca statul să intre in edituri, să susţină una, două edituri direct pentru a facilita apariţia acelor serii de scriitori naţionali, din literatura clasică română, literatura modernă, dintre războaie. Ţările din nordul României, foste comuniste, Ungaria, Cehoslovacia, Polonia, au astfel de interese, şi guvernamentale, să nu se piardă, să existe la îndemâna studenţilor, a profesorilor, a publicului larg, să existe ceea ce comuniştii chiar făceau - serii de mari scriitori.

Representations of Femininity in D. Bolintineanu’s Novels

Author(s): Floriana Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 4-II/2010

Ce papier se propose de faire une courte présentation de la personnalité d’un grand roumain, Dimitrie Bolintineanu, connu également comme un écrivain, diplômât et patriote, profondément impliqué dans les mouvements révolutionnaires du milieu de XIXème siècle. Fondateur du roman dans la littérature roumaine, Bolintineanu a été un publiciste passionné, en tant que directeur et éditeur de quelques journaux. Pourtant, l’objet de notre investigation se trouve dans la galerie des personnages féminines qui ornent l’univers du roman Manoil, publié premièrement en feuilleton (dans un seul épisode, malheureusement, à cause de la situation du journal en question) et, puis, un peu plus tard, dans sa forma définitive. L’introduction présente les directions d’investigation de l’œuvre de Bolintineanu et les deux sections suivantes, Dimitrie Bolintineanu in the Romanian culture et Dimitrie Bolintineanu as a novelist donnent des informations sur la position qu’il occupe dans la culture et la littérature roumaine. On présente ensuite les versions des romans sur lesquelles se base cette approche, même si la littérature roumaine possède plusieurs éditions de l’œuvre de Bolintineanu. Finalement, on fait un inventaire des personnages féminins et des techniques de narration utilisées par l’auteur dans la création des portraits respectives.

«Амур с опрокинутым факелом»: Заметки о повести Пушкина «Гробовщик»

Author(s): Elena Kardash / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

This article is devoted to one of the most enigmatic details of Pushkin’s Grobovshchik (1831), namely, “a plump Amour with an inverted torch.” The author investigates its variable semantic structures, and a range of narrative potentials determined by such contexts as a) classical allegorical tradition, b) patterns of the anecdote genre, c) elegiac language, and d) some elements of funeral practice.

Две версии одного события (Исторический комментарий к анекдоту С. Д. Довлатова)

Author(s): Alexander Fyaduta / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The article analyzes an anecdote about a Soviet official visiting Poland after WWII as represented in Sergei Dovlatov’s cycle "Solo na undervude" (1980), andprovides the anecdote’s alternative version. Th is alternative version contains exactlythe same plot, yet varies on the plane of characters’ names, and in one detail in the ending. Despite these slight variations, both the Dovlatov version and the version the article’s author learned from the Polish intellectual and former political prisoner Adam Michnik, are centered on exactly the same theme: the theme of the opposition of a writer to the power of a totalitarian state.

Na kulturowej granicy Polski i Białorusi – inspiracje literackie i wartości artystyczne Śpiewnika domowego Stanisława Moniuszki

Author(s): Zbigniew Stępniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2017

The present work focuses on literary inspirations and artistic value of song lyrics included in the twelve-volume anthology of Stanisław Moniuszko’s songs known as the Home Songbook. The composer, who was born in the Minsk gubernia during the period of Russian partition, maintained strong bond with the Eastern frontier of Poland. The research conducted by the author of this study shows that Moniuszko used the texts created by 97 poets including many artists coming from the Eastern part of Poland (e.g. A. Mickiewicz, J. Czeczot, S. Witwicki, W. Syrokomla, J. Prusinowski etc.); in the collection of 364 songs and duos only 40 lyrics were written by foreign authors. Moniuszko’s work, with all their richness and diversity, played an important part in the cultivation of national identity of the Poles living under the Tsar’s rule; the Belarussians claim that a great deal of his songs have their roots in Belarusian folk culture.

The Image of Contemporary Society in Neil Gaiman’s Neverwhere

Author(s): Julia Kula / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Neil Gaiman’s urban fantasy novel Neverwhere revolves around some problematic aspects prevalent in the contemporary world, such as an iniquitous discrepancy between social classes or a problematic attitude to history. The artistic universes created by Gaiman are instrumental in conveying a complex condition of postmodern society. Although one of the represented worlds, London Above, is realistic and the other, London Below, is fantastic, both are suggestive of the contemporary social situation, citizens’ shared values and aspirations. Only when considered together can they reveal a comprehensive image of what the community accepts and what it rejects as no longer consistent with commonly held beliefs. The disparities in the representations of London Above and London Below refer to the division into the present and the past. The realistically portrayed metropolis is the embodiment of contemporary times. The fantastic London Below epitomises all that is ignored or rejected by London Above. The present study is going to discuss the main ideas encoded in the semiotic spaces created by Neil Gaiman, on the basis of postmodern theories. I am going to focus on how the characteristic features of postmodern fiction, such as the use of fantasy and the application of the ontological dominant, by highlighting the boundaries between London Above and London Below affect the general purport of the work.

Umiranje s Rilkeom

Author(s): Josip Andrić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2017

Jozo Džambo, historičar i esejist, napisao je rad pod naslovom Jedna neobjavljena kritika Jelenićeva djela “Kultura i bosanski franjevci”. Taj rad je objavljen u časopisu Bosna Franciscana br. 43/2015. Nemam namjeru govoriti o tom radu, nego o nečem drugom. U tom se radu, naime, nalaze i kopije pisama fra Pave Dragičevića, širokobriješkoga gimnazijskog učitelja. Imao je krasan rukopis. To se vidi u spomenutom časopisu na 121. stranici u njegovu pismu upućenom Karlu Patschu, austrijskom slavistu, arheologu i povjesničaru.

Formalistic Markers of the ‘Modern’ in Greek Poetry: a Retrospective from the Point of View of Literary History

Author(s): Fotiny Christakoudy-Konstantinidou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Defining Greek Modernism proves to be a difficult task. It can be said that trying to outline its boundaries raises more questions than provides us with answers, because it somehow resists homogeneous and pure categorisations. Through analysis of verse building we shall try to give a formal answer to the question of what is ‘modern’ for Neo-Greek literature and how, in fact, poetry becomes ‘modern’. As far as the measured speech is concerned, this argument can be easily solved by opting to examine the verse building techniques (versification, rhythmic steps, rhymes, tropes, etc.) and especially the presence of the free verse as a marker of emancipation from the iambic verse of fifteen syllables, emblematic for the Greek folk-song tradition and known also as decapentasyllabic verse. The occurring changes in metric structures are both a complex and a long process that gave its most mature fruit in the works of the 1930s generation (G. Seferis, O. Elytis, I. Ritsos, etc.). However, it turns out that these changes could not possibly be considered as the only leading indicator of modernity, perhaps once again because Greek poetry remained firmly rooted in the local tradition of artistic conventions (which can be seen as a general projection of the spiritual impulses dominating the Balkan peninsula) and metamorphoses encompassed the literary body at a somewhat conservative pace.

SPOŁECZNO-KULTUROWE WYOBRAŻENIA O MACIERZYŃSTWIE W RETROSPEKCJI HISTORYCZNEJ I WSPÓŁCZEŚNIE A REKONESANS BADAWCZY

Author(s): Anna Józefowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

In this paper, I have presented selected views about motherhood over the centuries, and I have highlighted several widely discussed, current issues concerning the maternal role of a woman. I made a review- reconnaissance research of historical sources, but also contemporary ones, on the border of cultural studies, cultural anthropology, gender studies, pedagogy and sociology. I asked myself, somewhat rhetorical, what it means to be a good and loving mother, realizing, that this type of thinking had origins in the eighteenth century, as well as that, it is an immeasurable question.

MUSIK – HUMANITÄT – ERZIEHUNG KARL HEINRICH EHRENFORTH ALS PÄDAGOGE, WISSENSCHAFTLER, THEOLOGE UND VERBANDSPOLITIKER

Author(s): Wilfried Gruhn / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2017

The main scientific and educational characteristics of Karl Heinrich Ehrenforth will be demonstrated based on his writings and political activities. Therefore, the article focuses on his philosophical foundation in cultural anthropology and phenomenology of life-world (lebensweltliche Phänomenologie). As a scholar and pedagogue he was always dedicated to the human (pupil) as well as the music. His thinking centered around the self-conception of music education based upon a bearing consensus about the fundamentals of cultural values in society. This attitude will be demonstrated by means of a brief analysis of his most influential publications such as the introduction and philosophical justification of the hermeneutic philosophy of understanding (Verstehen und Auslegen, 1971) and his seminal history book on music education (Geschichte der musikalischen Bildung, 2005) among others, and will be confirmed by his political involvement as president of the German Association of School Music (VDS) and his rootedness in Christian ethics. By this means, Ehrenforth appears as a scholar and educator who was grounded in humanistic intellectual history and became deeply influential on the after-war generation.

Reisetagebuch Breslau/Waldenburg Juli 2015

Author(s): Karl Heinrich Ehrenforth / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2017

Malkaralı Şair Nev‘î’nin Manzum Kırk Hadis Tercümesinin Neşri Ve Tahlili

Author(s): Ali Sever / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

Love and affection for the Prophet (pbuh) has contributed to the emergenceof many literary works. One example of that is the tradition of writingforty hadiths. Naw’i, who was one of the Ottoman scholars and mudarrises of16th century, published various works in the field of Islamic sciences and literature.One of his works is a poetic translation of the forty hadiths. In this article,these hadiths are published and information is given about their content.Most of the hadiths, which are presented within four main parts in the book,involve narrations about morality. However, in the forth part, there are alsonarratives including different topics. Translations of the hadiths in the workand their classical sources are presented in a table. In addition, some issuesthat have been lacking in previous studies about the author and his workshave been addressed and some misstatements are attempted to be corrected.

Anlatım Tekniğini Lübnan İç Savaşının Belirlediği Bir İç Hesaplaşma Romanı: Kevâbîsu Beyrût (Beyrut Kabusları)

Author(s): Adnan Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

One of the main features that distinguish modern novel from traditional one is the use of new narrative techniques such as monologue, flow of consciousness, leitmotiv and intertextuality. These techniques relate to new approaches that take shape in formal elements such as time, characters and event patterns that make up the modern novel. Which expression technique is used in the work is often related to the form and content of the novel. This research examines the Kevâbîsu Beyrût, which uses modern and post modern expression techniques in the Arab novels of the last century, in the context of the content of the work and reveals the appropriateness of the techniques used for the purpose of the work. The authors of the novel, autobiographical, tried to convey the feelings of a civil war in many ways, and remained in the midst of conflicts. The techniques that came to the forefront in his narration have added aesthetic value to the composition of the narration and it has become one of the famous Arab novels. The introduction part of the work consists of the factors that prepared the ground for the civil war that took place in Lebanon between 1975 and 1990, the first chapter, the work of writer Gâde es-Semman, the third chapter; Kevâbîsu will investigate the relation between the narrative techniques of the novel Beirut and the factors leading to the writing of the work.