Zamienione głowy ‒ transformacje i sub wersje indyjskiego mitu

Author(s): Alicja Helman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The author presents an analysis and interpretation of a short story Transposed Heads by Thomas Mann. She also discusses its adaptations: two as films, and one theatrical. The story is a personal version of an ancient Indian legend, which was generously updated by the writer, who decided to go far beyond the original. This “metaphysical joke” became just a pretext to discuss subjects present in his other works, e.g. a predominating motive of a conflict between body and soul. It is very important that the recognition of the legend in the 20th century was thanks to Mann, and not the original story. Both avant-garde film directors and theatre director refer to Mann: Alejandro Jodorovsky in his La cravate (1957), Fernando Birri in ORG (1979), and the director of an Indian play Hayavadana (1970).

Bio/biblio-graficznie

Author(s): Stanisław Rosiek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2020

The easiest option would be to ask the author of The Cinnamon Shops whether it was him who many years ago wrote in German and published in the Montenegro periodical Cetinjer Zeitung two stories: “Du bist Staub” and “Pfennig mit dem Auge.” Had he said “yes,” these two unusual narratives would be included in the oeuvre of Bruno Schulz. His literary identity would have been upheld (enhanced) and confirmed. But what is the literary identity? We know full well that the foundation of an individual identity is memory which selects and integrates the particles of a particular existence. There is no identity without memory. This, however, does not apply to the literary identity, deprived of that natural basis of each identity, both individual and collective. Its foundation is congruence, i.e. the coherence, harmony, and appropriateness of its components. Trouble begins when all of a sudden we come across a text signed with a name that already exists in the literary space, and this is exactly what happened when after one hundred years two German language stories from the Cetinjer Zeitung have been retrieved. An automatic inclusion of the stories in the literary identity signed “Bruno Schulz” seems risky for many reasons. First of all, because some stranger may invade the space occupied by the son of a Drogobych cloth merchant, the actual author of The Cinnamon Shops. Let us then defend the Schulz of Drogobych from the Schulzes who come from different parts of the world, and they are many. In the first three decades of the 20th century those were, e.g., Karl Richard Bruno Schulz (1865-1932, professor of architecture), Bruno Claus Heinrich Schulz (1888-1944, oceanographer), Bruno Schulz (engineer, fleet officer),Bruno Schulz (1890-1958, psychiatrist, genetician), Bruno Kurt Schultz (1901-1997, anthropologist, in the Third Reich an SS “race” expert), and Bruno Schultz (1894-1987, economist).

Schulzowska „teoria obrazu” w interpretacji Anny Juraschek

Author(s): Katarzyna Lukas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2020

The article is a review of and a discussion with the recent monograph by Anna Juraschek, Die Rettung des Bildes im Wort. Bruno Schulz’ Bild-Idee in seinem prosaischen und bildnerischen Werk, Göttingen 2016. Juraschek has put forward the following thesis: alongside his own specific philosophy of language expressed in his narrative works and essays, Bruno Schulz also suggests a particular philosophy of image/picture, which he develops in his visual art. This “program” is not specified and may be reconstructed only by interpreting his graphic works; it is, however, corroborated by the poetics of Schulz’ stories. Juraschek regards the “word” and the “image” in Schulz as artistic entities, and emphasizes the visual nature of his fiction and the narrative qualities of his graphic works. She points at Schulz’s crossing of the boundaries between different arts and claims that the writer criticizes the very notion of mimesis (a statement that, according to the reviewer, may be questioned). Juraschek tries to reconstruct the main sources inspiring Schulz’s idea of image/picture: the classic European painting, German literature (i.e. Leopold von Sacher-Masoch and Joseph von Eichendorff), as well as German philosophers and cultural critics such as Walter Benjamin. According to the reviewer, there are three points that Juraschek’s study can contribute to Schulz studies. First, the German scholar succeeds in systematizing different kinds of verbo-visual relations and interactions in Schulz’s oeuvre. Second, she fully appreciates his graphic work which thus far seems to have been undervalued, especially by Polish scholars. Last but not least, Juraschek brings to the fore some striking affinities between the ideas of Schulz and those of Walter Benjamin. As a possible background of interpreting Schulz, the philosophical writings of Benjamin are a context which certainly deserves more investigation.

Queer immanence in Who is? Woyzeck: The technocentric utopia of the master and the slave

Author(s): Leo Rafolt / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

Montažstroj’s Who is? Woyzeck is a performative history about individuals’ open wounds that will probably never heal, especially in the context of technodemocracy and liberal deprivation processes. Woyzeck is a Georg Büchner hero whose voice is not able to be heard. He is deprived, deprivileged, and his behavior/labor is socially unacceptable. He is devoid of humanity, turned into an animal, pure zoe, and thus treated like one by the system. Montažstroj’s project was, therefore, eager to explore the politics of power where the individual is subdued to numerous forms of violence and the way these violent acts resonate on the surface of human intimacy. The rhythmic changing of scenes depicted social coercion and private agony; the play questioned the world of isolated and lonely individuals. Woyzeck was presented as a pure phenomenon, as an in-dividual trapped in a Hegelian master-slave relation, thus as a non-person whose body is being occupied and used in a specific situation of violence, love, betrayal, jealousy and murder, with no way out. The performance of two men and a woman on a stage, which is supposed to function as a specific community of life, bombarded with techno and rave music, together with pure channels of associations derived from various sources, primarily from Büchner's text, which was written in 1836, is thus analyzed as a deconstructive and multi-layered re-inscription of political and discursive regimes subdued by frenetic music samples.

Војцек из угла драмске функције и геометрије

Author(s): Jelena Đ. Gojić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 21/2020

In this paper we analyse the drama Woyzeck written by Georg Büchner, which is a fragment drama characterised with an open form. Therefore, this drama is interesting for analysis. The fragment drama Woyzeck has undergone multiple analyses and to this day is a frequently mentioned topic of many literary debates. This is supported by the fact that we also decided to deal with this topic. For the subject of this work, we set up a structural analysis of the drama, where the drama is divided into several parts and we examine the existence of dramatical functions, clarifying the dramatical geometry within it. The aim of the paper is to show that such an analysis can be done on a drama with an open-form, which is also a fragment drama and therefore we have used the theory of Souriau and Ginestier. The research begins with the study of the mentioned individual structures, in order to be fully integrated in the whole, whereby in this case it is possible to determine the interconnection of these parts.

Siebenbürgen – eine Forschungslandschaft

Author(s): Erika Schneider / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2012

„Siebenbürgen – eine Forschungslandschaft“ war das Motto der wissenschaftlichen Tagung, mit der der Arbeitskreis für Siebenbürgische Landeskunde (AKSL) vom 7. bis 9. September sein 50-jähriges Jubiläum beging. Die Veranstaltung stand unter der Schirmherrschaft von Reinhold Gall, Innenminister des Landes Baden-Württemberg. Den Auftakt zur Jubiläumsfeier bildete am 7. September eine Festveranstaltung, für die die Universität Heidelberg ihre Tore geöffnet hatte. Als „Kristallisationspunkt der Forschung der Siebenbürger Sachsen“ würdigte Innenminister Reinhold Gall in seinem Grußwort die Kultureinrichtungen auf Schloss Horneck, die das Land Baden-Württemberg auch in Zukunft unterstützen werde, da es die siebenbürgische Kultur als unverzichtbaren Teil der deutschen Kultur in einem gesamteuropäischen Kontext ansehe, deren Erhalt eine Verpflichtung sei.

Ausgewählte Aspekte der Wortbildung im Werk Europäisches Reisebuch von Kasimir Edschmid

Author(s): Marzena Guz / Language(s): German Issue: XXII/2020

This paper discusses selected word formation aspects in Kasimir Edschmid’s diary describing his travels across Europe. The aim of the paper is to present derivatives, compounds and acronyms from several chapters in the discussed work. The answers to the following questions are sought: What structures can be found among derivatives and compounds? What semantic groups can be distinguished in the corpus under scrutiny? What other properties characterize the analysed vocabulary? The group of adjectival derivatives is more numerous than that of noun derivatives. The set of compounds contains frequent examples of compounds with a proper noun as the first segment. Acronyms are very rare. Other features of the examined vocabulary include, among others, hybrid formations and foreign terms.

Das Prinzip der Internationalisierung. Bericht über ein neues Konzept für die Ausbil-dung von Doktoranden im Fach Germanistik im Rahmen des Erasmus+-Projekts 2018-1-SK01-KA203-046375, im Rahmen von KA2

Author(s): Joanna Szczęk / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2020

BOŽJI JE ISTOK, BOŽJI JE ZAPAD

Author(s): Hilmo Neimarlija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 41/2020

U ovoj godini, godini na isteku, zaokružene su obljetnice dva značajna događaja u evropskoj književnosti i kulturi. Jedna je godišnjica Goetheovog „Zapadno-istočnog divana“, koji je objavljen u Štutgartu 1819, druga je godišnjica knjige profesora Madridskog univerziteta i katoličkog svećenika Miguela Asina Palaciosa „Muslimanska eshatologija u ʼBožanstvenoj komedijiʼ“ koja je izašla u Madridu 1919. Pojave ova dva djela nemaju, naravno, vrednosno usporediv značaj, jer su djela različitih uobličenja višeg smisla jezika i drukčijeg potvrđivanja u sopstvenom „naknadnom životu“, te, samim tim, i nesvodivih primarnih vidika saznanja i vrednovanja; „Zapadno-istočni divan“ je pjesničko djelo, a „Muslimanska eshatologija u ʼBožanstvenoj komedijiʼ“ je poetičko djelo, djelo saznanja i interpretiranja drugog pjesničkog ostvarenja. Međutim, više je razloga usljed kojih je moguće, i u određenoj mjeri potrebno, povezano obljetničko podsjećanje na djelo velikog Goethea i na knjigu španjolskog arabiste, koji je malo poznat izvan krugova evropskih studija islama i latinskog srednjovjekovlja.

A Poetics of the Holocaust? Three Exemplary Poets

Author(s): Efraim Sicher / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

Whether or not we understand the Holocaust to be unique or following a series of catastrophes in Jewish history, there is no doubt that the writing that came out of those traumatic events is worth examining both as testimony and as literature. This article looks again at Holocaust poetry, this time circumventing Adorno’s much-cited and often misquoted dictum on poetry after Auschwitz. The essay challenges the binary of either “Holocaust poetry is barbaric and impossible” or “art is uplifting and unaffected by the Holocaust.” I analyse three individual cases of Holocaust poetry as a means of both survival and testimony during the Holocaust – not retrospectively or seen by poets who were not there. Aesthetic and ethical issues are very much part of a writing in extremis which is conscious of the challenge well before Adorno and critical theory. In a comparison of Celan, Sutzkever, and Miłosz we can see their desperate attempt to write a poetry that meets the challenge of the historical moment, for all the differences between them in their cultural backgrounds, language traditions, and literary influences. As I argue, although scholars and critics have read these poets separately, they should be studied as part of the phenomenon of grappling with an unprecedented horror which they could not possibly at the time understand in all its historical dimension and outcome. We should no longer ignore their sources and antecedents in trying to gauge what they did with them in forging a “Holocaust poetics” that would convey something of the inadequacy of language and the failure of the imagination in representing the unspeakable, which they personally experienced on a day to day basis. By not reading “after Adorno” we can arrive at a more nuanced discussion of whether there is a Holocaust poetics.

Abstieg in die Form. Deutsche Gegenwartsliteratur und das beschädigte Leben

Author(s): Jan Behrs / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2020

In Lukács’ early work, the concept of form is very concretely linked to modern man’s aesthetic experience of loss around 1900 and any attempt to update it hinges on the question whether Lukács’ method can be applied to the present at all. This article undertakes such an application of his method by relating two core concepts from "Soul and Form" – bourgeoisie and sentimentality – to three ›neighbourhood novels‹: R. Schamoni’s "Große Freiheit", H. Strunk’s "Der goldene Handschuh" and H. Fichte’s "Die Palette" all deal with extremely marginalized groups in society, and the question arises whether Lukács’ categories are helpful in describing the form chosen in each case.

Das lichte Gefüge. Ein Versuch über die Bildstrategien in Zsuzsa Bánks Die hellen Tage

Author(s): Eszter Propszt / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2020

This essay attempts to uncover image strategies in Zsuzsa Bánk̕ s novel "Die Hellen Tage", in which characters use images in order to construct for themselves a sustainable order of meaning. ›Image‹ is understood here as a structured and structuring scheme, also visually mediated, that serves as an orienting pattern for thinking, feeling and acting. This notion points to four major forces of structuring or creating order (perceiving, thinking, feeling and acting) in their close interconnection.

JONO BERENTO GIESMYNO ISS NAUJO PÉRWEIZDĖTOS IR PAGÉRINTOS GIESMÛ-KNYGOS IR MALDYNO MALDÛ-KNYGÉLOS ANTRASIS LEIDIMAS (1735): NEŽINOTAS EGZEMPLIORIUS PRAHOJE

Author(s): Birutė Triškaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 22/2020

The article presents a 1735 Lithuanian publication from Königsberg (Lith. Karaliaučius) which was believed to not have survived—the hymn book for Prussian Lithuania’s Evangelical Lutherans Iß naujo pérweizdėtos ir pagérintos Giesmû-Knygos (Reviewed and Improved Hymn-book) and the prayer book Maldû-Knygélos (Prayer-book). The only known copy of the second edition of the hymn book and the prayer book was discovered in the National Library of the Czech Republic (Czech Národní knihovna České republiky; NK ČR: 33 K 139) in Prague. It has not been registered in Lithuanian bibliographies. Just as the first 1732 edition, the second edition appeared thanks to the initiative of the theology professor of the University of Königsberg and the chief court preacher, Johann Jacob Quandt (Lith. Jonas Jokūbas Kvantas, (1686–1772), while the archpresbyter of Insterburg (Lith. Įsrutis), Johann Behrendt (Lith. Jonas Berentas, 1667–1737), led the editing team. Aiming to reveal the differences of the second edition from the first, and to highlight the editing tendencies of the hymn and prayer books, this article not only discusses the main features of the copy, but also analyzes the structure of the 1735 edition including the repertoire of new hymns and linguistic particularities of the texts of hymns and prayers written in Lithuanian. Provenance research revealed that the copy belonged to the Lithuanian Dovydas Blindinaitis or Bl(i)undinaitis before reaching this library, and this is supported by handwritten inscriptions on the front and back flyleaves. He acquired the book in 1736 for 33 groschen and must have been its first owner. The imprint “REGIÆ BIBLIOTH: ACAD: PRAGEN:” (“Royal Library of the Academy of Prague”) which is seen on the title page of the hymn book could only appear after 1777 when the Public Imperial-Royal University Library (Czech Veřejná císařsko-královská univerzitní knihovna) in Prague had been established.

An Unlikely Hero: Reconsidering Michael Endeʼs Momo as a Divine Child

Author(s): Iva M. Simurdić / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2020

The Divine Child was introduced by Carl Gustav Jung as an archetype closely linked to the process of individuation. Beyond the realm of analytical psychology, this peculiar child figure has been observed in myths and folklore and eventually evolved into a literary archetype known alternatively as das fremde Kind (the strange/alien child). Numerous child figures have since been regarded as representations of this archetype, with the titular character of Michael Ende’s novel Momo (1973) being one of them. While her initial appearance is evocative of the Divine Child, over the course of the story Momo has to accept her fate as the chosen one in a battle against a mysterious foe, ultimately finding herself in the role of the hero of the story. This paper examines the traits of both the archetype of the Divine Child, as well as that of the Hero – including a variation specific to child characters – with the goal of reconsidering if Momo is truly exemplary of the archetype of the Divine Child. This is done with particular regard to Christopher Vogler’s observation that literary archetypes are character functions, rather than fixed types, and as such this paper will discuss how Ende’s protagonist is ultimately an example of this fluidity of functions.

ТРАДИЦИИ ТВОРЧЕСТВА Э. Т. А. ГОФМАНА В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОМ ГОРОДСКОМ ФЭНТЕЗИ

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrovna Safron / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The purpose of the research is to identify the elements of Ernst Theodor Hoffmann’s poetics used and rethought by the writers, whose works can be attributed to the subgenre of domestic urban fantasy. Its specificity is determined by the fact that the fantasy chronotope here is shaped by the urban space, where the supernatural events potentially not motivated by scientific knowledge take place, and that its poetics is dominated by the motif of the double world (where two worlds – the ordinary and the supernatural – coexist in parallel with each other), and some elements of urban folklore. The works of Hoffmann and the books of M. and S. Dyachenko, O. Kozhin, V. V. Orlov, H. L. Oldie, A. Yu. Pekhov, E. A Bychkova, and N. V. Turchaninova were selected as objects of research. The stated goal implies addressing several tasks. The first one is to determine the specific features of Hoffmann’s romantic hero, inherited by the authors of domestic urban fantasy. The second task is to reveal the features of the urban chronotope inherent in the works of Hoffmann and urban fantasy. The third one is to reveal the set of motifs typical for the works of the studied writers. And the final task is to discover the features of the emerging detective genre (for example, in Hoffmann’s novel Mademoiselle de Scuderi) and its characteristic gameplay nature, which is reflected in the studied fantasy subgenre. The relevance of the study is due to the need to investigate urban fantasy in the context of world literature. The research novelty lies in the fact that the reception of Hoffmann’s creativity by the authors of fantasy has not been studied so far. The author uses the method of motivational analysis and intertextual analysis, as well as the method of receptive aesthetics. It turns out that in urban fantasy the creative reception of Hoffmann has been experiencing the second round of popularity (after the 1830s and the 1840s), with the image of a doppelganger being especially productive and demonstrating new forms of embodiment in urban fantasy.

Da li je tumačenje moguće?

Author(s): Mirnes Sokolović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/2015

U prikazu knjige "Conditio moderna" Manfreda Franka naglašen je njen odnos prema duhu vremena u kojem je postalo moguće da se sve i svašta kaže o svemu i svačemu.Njemački filozof ističe da je tumačenje postalo toliko liberalizovano da je svako u svako doba mogao dati bilo koje značenje nekom znaku. Mjerilo za ono šta je pogrešno a šta ispravno, šta je bitno a šta nebitno, šta je solidno analizirano a šta je puko brbljanje, nestalo je. Frank se zalaže za tezu da znaci moraju imati minimalni semantički identitet. Na kraju prikaza Frankov koncept se smješta u kontekst časa književnosti, jer je interaktivni proces autor-nastavnik-učenik savršeno polje za isprobavanje da li svi ostali konstituišu tekst kao ja, što je glavni Frankov kriterij u konstituciji značenja teksta.

Körperlichkeit in den deutschen Volksmärchen

Author(s): Sunhild Galter / Language(s): German Issue: 21/2021

Vorliegender Beitrag untersucht inwieweit körperliche Aspekte in den deutschen Volksmärchen aus der Sammlung der Brüder Grimmhandlungsrelevant sind und wie ihr symbolischer Gehalt erschlossen werden kann. Es wird kurz auf die verschiedenen Interpretationsansätze eingegangen, wonach einige der für das gegebene Thema geeigneten Märchen besprochen werden. Es geht um körperliches Aussehen als Begründung für Gefühle wie Liebe oder Ablehnung, um nicht der Norm entsprechende Körper, um Verwandlung in einen Tierkörper und zurück und um die körperliche Überwindung der Grenze zwischen Leben und Tod.

Before Adolf Eichmann: A Kafkian Analysis of the ‘Banality Of Evil’

Author(s): Matthew Wester / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Arendt’s account of Adolf Eichmann as acting only out of banal intentions remains controversial. I supplement our understanding of the “banality of evil” by demonstrating that Arendt also meant it to describe a factual social arrangement characterized by a form of false consciousness. I apply an original interpretation of Kafka’s The Trial to Eichmann in Jerusalem, and I show that Eichmann’s trial was “before” him in the same way as the Kafkian man from the country is “before” the Law.

Messermänner and Parasiten: An Analysis of the Role of Metonymic and Metaphoric Patterns in Shaping “Immigrants” Stereotypes in German Political Discourse

Author(s): Ciro Porcaro / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2021

eorge Lakoff was the first to postulate a relationship between metonymic phenomena and social stereotypes (1987: 79). In Schmid’s view (2002: 293), Lakoffs’ idea of stereotype is characterized by the fact that it is strictly connected with the social conventions and beliefs shared within a speech community. There are many studies on political discourse which explore the role of figurative speech in shaping social stereotypes. Most of them though deal mainly with metaphor (cf. Musolff 2004, 2011, 2015; Spieß 2017, 2019). Conversely, the present paper aims at conducting an analysis of the two German expressions Messermänner and Parasiten, with particular reference to the fundamental role of metonymic phenomena in the interaction between metaphoric and metonymic patterns. The abovementioned expressions were used by two AfD politicians to refer to the social category of immigrants. The discussion will highlight differences and commonalities between the two expressions with reference both to metonymic and metaphoric patterns and to their relation to the conceptualization of the “immigrants” in German political discourse. The results will show that, even if in different ways metonymic models play a fundamental role in both expressions in the definition of the negative social stereotype.

Obrazy ‚Nowych Wojen’ i terroru z perspektywy reportera wojennego w literaturze niemieckiej

Author(s): Kamila Sroślak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2021

The aim of the article is to find the answer to the following question: how does literary fiction in German literature present the character of a war reporter who reports on new wars? The article presents an analysis of perception and medium/transfer of war and terror by war reporters. In this article, the scheme of war incidents (events) is presented– transmission, in which there is no place for feelings, emotions, kindliness, humanity, but only the wish to survive, will to fight, victory and financial benefits really matter. One of the main assumptions of this article is an attempt to make the recipient realize that what individuals should do is analyse the information obtained from mass media in their own specific way. The topic of the article is very comprehensive and often raised, because it concerns the present and the future, and war has accompanied, accompanies and will accompany man at every stage of their life. The purpose of the article will also be to present the image of New Wars and terror from the perspective of the reporter and the influence of mass media on the work of the war correspondent, who seeks to blur the fragile border between truth and lies, reality and fiction in relation to German literature. It also important to present the profile of a war reporter in literature, also the specificity of the work of a war correspondent, as well as the impact of technological development on practicing the profession and linking collected facts with the events that have been recorded in the pages of history.