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Изложения и кланици (България, Чикаго, Париж)

Author(s): Zhivko Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The essay discusses the travelogue To Chicago and Back by juxtaposing it to Oriental slaughterhouses and the modern slaughterhouse of the New world. Amidst the glamour of expositions (Aleko Konstantinov visited Paris (1889) and Chicago (1893) but described Chicago only), there crop up the questions “what is the future” and “what is the New world”. The basic anxiety is “where is the world going” and “well, when are we going to live” which appeared when Aleko Konstantinov encountered the images of the Columbian Exposition, the slaughterhouses, Bellamy’s novel Looking Backward and the description of Paris upon his return from the New world. During his entire trip around America Aleko remembers Paris but continues to avoid describing it. The promise that he would do so in 1900 (a new World exposition in Paris) remained hypothetical (he was killed in 1897). But the trip to Paris was combined with a round-the-world one, i.e. again a visit on the way. In the flame of progress he detected coldness; there was a chill discernible in the picture of the coming modern world. The problematics of “when are we going to live” is important in the context of American, European and Balkan culture. On the other hand, it was precisely in America that the idea for the most emblematic of Aleko Konstantinov’s works appeared, i.e. Baj Ganyo. The essay compares the visions of the future in the context of the Paris and Columbian World Expositions.

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Как геният ни се вдражава, или още веднъж за понятията от областта на културата през българското Възраждане

Author(s): Adelina Strangeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article considers the process of assimilation of aesthetic and cultural concepts in mid-nineteenth century Bulgarian literature. It comments on the place of these new terms in books, textbooks, and popular science editions, and compares their interpretation and understanding by different authors.

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От фейлетона и разказа до романа

Author(s): Ivan Ruskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Stoyan Zaimov is the first reviewer who analyses in detail the biography of Hristo Botev‘s by Zahari Stoyanov. Zaimov shows weaknesses of different types, he adds and corrects facts from Botev‘s life. On the other hand, he admires the pages in which Zahari Stoyanov, in his inimitable style, displays events and scenes from Botev‘s life and those of the Bulgarian revolutionaries. In his analysis Zaimov uses a metaphorical language clear for the wide range of readers; in addition, however, he uses a terminology which would require a special audience (including terms like feuilleton, short story, drawing, novel, political novel, historical novel, biographical-historical novel, the term novel-biography is also implicated). As a whole, the biographical work has been evaluated as a superb accomplishment. According to Zaimov, the author Zahari Stoyanov has managed the difficult task of writing a history of the Bulgarian people and at the same time – a personal biography of Botev.

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Образите на Яворов в литературата

Author(s): Tsvetan Rakyovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with several literary works (poems, parodies, dramas), dedicated to Bulgarian poet Peyo Yavrov. The main focus is the change in the image of Yavorov throughout the twentieth century.

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Орисии с поети

Author(s): Vladimir Yanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This essay offers reflections on the lyrical poetry of Pavel Matev, Dimitar Danailov, Andrey Germanov, Nikola Indjov and Kiril Kadiiski

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Цветан Ракьовски и визията за училищния канон

Author(s): Jordan Eftimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Tzvetan Rakyovski‘s vision of the high school canon is based on the openness of the list of authors and works, on it intense intertextuality, on the rejection of chronological order and the imposition of a thematic model. In his view, a change in expectations of what should be achieved with literature at school is also needed. This is moving closer to Gerald Graf ‘s vision of “teaching the controversies” and pursuing a larger goal – the awareness of the need for a culture of argument that would transform the school and the world beyond it into a shared space.

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Темата "Европа" в публицистиката и художествената проза на Яворов

Author(s): Mihail Nedelchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results from the study of Yavorov’s poetry and publicism. The main topic is how Yavorov accepted and presented European policies, concerning Macedonia. The position of one of the most famous Bulgarian poets about the inner struggles in Macedonia is discussed in the context of the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising (1903) and its reflection in Western-European press and political decisions.The article presents the results from the study of Yavorov’s poetry and publicism. The main topic is how Yavorov accepted and presented European policies, concerning Macedonia. The position of one of the most famous Bulgarian poets about the inner struggles in Macedonia is discussed in the context of the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising (1903) and its reflection in Western-European press and political decisions.

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Европейските пътувания на Яворов

Author(s): Dimitar Mihailov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Following Yavorov’s European journeys – his private trip to Europe (1904), his stay in Nancy (1906-1907), Paris (1910) and Vienna (1914).

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Инициацията в "Среднощни видения" на Яворов

Author(s): Iren Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This research is meant to study some new opportunities of understanding the well-known Yavorov’s poems, included in the cycle „Midnight Visions“. In his second book, „Insomnias“, Yavorov made very important changes in order of the poems in this cycle and this way reveals different meanings, which may be explained in the term of initiation. All the midnight visions are concepts and symbols of the initiation in new secret knowledge of Life, Spirit, Universe and Human’s Fate. The first poem in the cycle, „Monster“, and the last poem, „Annunciation“, in this context change their function as a love lyric and insist, for the reason of their position, a new interpretation. Deep archetypal symbols are transformed in the area of the new modern spirit of time. We are initiated in this poetic world of secrets too, following behind the hero on his dangerous road, full of boundaries and epistemological tests.

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Лирическият цикъл като протообраз на книгата "Сън за щастие"

Author(s): Nikolay Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article follows the „birth” of one of the emblematic books in the Bulgarian literature from the beginning of the 20th century – „Dream for happiness” by Pencho Slaveykov. The book with its 101 poems without titles with its peculiar composition and wholesome concept reminds us of the genre body of the lyrical cycle. It is in fact born by poems in different lyrical cycles written in the period 1893–1906. Different poems are taken from previous lyrical cycles such as „Maiden’s tears”, but later written („Lonely”, „Songs”, „Dreams”, „Dream for happiness”) are included almost entirely in the book. Here the inner unity of the cycles is followed, the precomposition in a larger context, their recomposing in a new idea-emotional rhythm, creating an overall concept of the existence.

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Драматургът Яворов и "Златорог"

Author(s): Marieta Girginova,Elizaria Ruskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article aims at putting into question the complicated relation of Vladimir Vasilev, the editor in chief of the revue „Zlatorog”, to the whole various theatricalactivity and modern dramaturgy by Peio Yavorov. In three jubilee issues of the review, the critic offers his vision of the man of theatre Yavorov, where the diverse activity of the poet as a dramaturge of the National theatre stands out such as a drama critic, an author of theatre portraits, a participant in the selection of the repertory, a director, even a pedagogue and a teacher of scenic diction to the actors. We support the hypotheses that the missing evaluation of the innovative dramaturgy by Yavoror in the critical discourse of Vl. Vasilev signals of the sharp critical flair for the factors impeding the adequate understanding and reception of Yavorov’s modern plays before and after World War 1. The critic emphasizes the changed esthetical paradigm in the preferences of the interwar Bulgarian audience, the lack of adequate scenic reading and interpretation of drama texts that put in the centre the problems of the highly frustrated and problematic Modernist character as well as the poor development of Avant-garde practices in the theatrical discourse of Bulgarian stage.

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История и еротика

Author(s): Ivan Ruskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article shows two ways in which Stoyan Zaimov discredits the antagonists of the national revolution and seeks an answer to the question of what is due to the change in his style. In the first edition of “The Past”, Zaimov uses vulgarism from the field of eroticism. In the second edition, his writing is laconic and without cynicism.

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Мемоарите като колекция от истории

Author(s): Paulina Stoycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The text considers Memoirs from Istanbul’s Dungeons by Svetoslav Milarov from the perspective of genre. The analysis takes account of the sophisticated relationship between fact and fiction in the book. For that purpose, it sets out to distinguish between three main layers in its text: the memoir framework, the prisoner narratives inscribed in it and the specific ways in which the two are merged together. The discussion focuses on analogies between Milarov’s text and / or narrative collections characteristic of the west European cultural environment. The main hypothesis rests on the assumption that the structure of the book, which was designated as a memoir, is, in fact, closer to that of the so-called story collections popular as early as the Middle Ages with which Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’s Decameron come into a dialogic relationship.

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Мисия и съдба на възрожденския учител: "Добрият Теодор Теодорович Хрулев"

Author(s): Rumyana Damyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article reviews one of the main issues of the Bulgarian Revival – the mission and the fate of the teacher in the XIX century. This is the emblematic figure of the Revival, part of the most powerful cultural institution – the educational. The teacher in this century is an authoritative personality which determines the guidelines of education/schooling, he is the translator, the compiler and the publisher of books current at that time, practically it is he who chooses the textbooks necessary for the educational process. If he disapproves of certain textbooks, he creates new ones himself. The article indicates on the prestige of the teaching profession and the difficulties which had to be overcome. The essence of the teacher as the authoritative figure of the Bulgarian Revival is followed through the fate of the teacher Teodor Hrulev. His work in the XIX century education is brought to light – he was the author of 22 books. A special accent in the article is on his activities in the re-publishing of the first new Bulgarian printed book – Nedelnik by Sofroniy Vrachanski. His contacts with persons like Georgi Rakovski are also discussed.

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Взаимоотношенията на Иван Грозев с Ал. Константинов, Ст. Михайловски и Ст. С. Бобчев

Author(s): Elena Azmanova-Rudarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article studies Ivan Grosev’s relationship with famous people such as Al. Konstantinov, St. Mihaylovski and St. Bobchev. These relationships are crucial for the start of the writer’s artistic path, especially from 1896 to 1907. Ivan Grozev’s early poetry through the pages of “Balgarska sbirka” magazine and the drama “Boyan Magyosnika” is studied. Literary materials, such as publications, literary works, memories, letters, documents, archives and others are used in the article.

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Метаморфози по български: Към образната система на комедията "Големанов" от Ст. Л. Костов

Author(s): Vanja Dobreva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In 1928 the ‘Golemanov’, just-written comedy in three acts by St. L. Kostov, had been played on the stage of the National Theatre. Its plot is based on a typical principle for the character comedy by which the decay of society is revealed, the typology of a character belonging to the bourgeois elite is realistically displayed, different points of view are refined in to fully depict the phenomenon of service. The character of Golemanov synthesizes the traditions and meanings that distinguish the Balkan cultural situation and embodies the typology of a Balkans character – the Power-hungry man. The playwright St. L. Kostov constructs an actantial model about the hero’s ambitions for power and control – with the opening and final moments in the comedy act. The individual characteristics of a completely negative character are developed for the first time in the Bulgarian comedy in Golemanov. This character lives in the Balkans and his behaviour is a result of geographical and historical circumstances, but he also appears – in the logic of comedic action – the personification of universal human defects. The combination of regional and universal determines the significant place of the ‘Golemanov’ comedy in the Bulgarian dramaturgy.

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Пролетарската литература на Тодор П. Ценков

Author(s): Roman Hadzikosev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Todor P. Tsenkov is not a big name in Bulgarian literature. Just the opposite – it could be argued that he is a nondescript writer. His writings take our attention for two reasons. Firstly, in some of his writings, he writes about Argentina, which makes him a part of the South American wave in the Bulgarian literature. Secondly, we can definitely argue that Todor P. Tsankov is a representative of the proletarian literature of average quality in Bulgaria. He consistently follows all of the ideological and stylistic tenets of the genre, which, after the Communist take-over in 1944, compose the mandatory literary and compositional method. In the following text, we present several of his short stories and his first novel – „Around the world for food“.

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Преработването на "Тютюн": Глас, мълчание, тишина (Димитър Димов и Вълко Червенков)

Author(s): Hristo Manolakev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article studies an unpopular moment of Dimitar Dimov’s artistic biography – his letter to Valko Chervenkov, Leader of Bulgarian communist party. It is interpreted as a complex dialog of motives, in the bounding of which the personal behavior of the writer becomes a pledge of the hidden preserving of Tobacco’s first redaction.

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Наказанието в романите на Емилиян Станев

Author(s): Tatyana Ichevska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this text is to comment on the functions of the punishment in the novels „Ivan Kondarev“, „The Legend of Sibin“ and „Antichrist“ by Emilian Stanev. This implies clarifying the mechanisms in which the punishment proceedings are conducted, as well as the peculiarities of the attitude: power – punishment in the three works.

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Съвременни български романи - търсения и откривания

Author(s): Inna Peleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with three Bulgarian novels published in the last few years: Saint Wolf (2018) by Elena Alexieva, Peace Be upon You (2018) by Emilia Dvoryanova, and The Bell (2016) by Nedyalko Slavov (most attention is devoted to Alexieva’s work). On the one hand, these novels legitimize the „return of the religious” as a phenomenon in contemporary Bulgarian culture. On the other hand, they have their own peculiar approach to the artistic recreation of the „issue of Faith.” It is through this novelty and difference that they signal an upcoming change in some fundamental traits of Bulgarian narrative fiction.

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