Георги Ингилизов и българската маринистика

Author(s): Margreta Grigorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The paper presents maritime writer Georgi Ingilizov’s (1955–2018) concepts, ideas and initiatives (editorial activity, filmography) related to the status of Bulgarian maritime fiction and its place in Bulgarian literature. The paper also traces the maritime writer’s creative path and addresses the main aspects of his maritime prose related to sailors’ values and problems. The text corresponds to an interview with the author, published in this issue.

Word Order and Discourse: the Case of the Balkan Languages

Author(s): Iliana Krapova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The paper investigates word order in three Balkan languages (Bulgarian, Greek and Romanian). It is argued that Balkan languages are discourse prominent and variations with respect to discourse notions like topic or focus are examined from a comparative perspective and in view of their hierarchical ordering in the left periphery of the sentence, which corresponds to that portion of the sentence which hosts topicalized and focalized constituents.

Les objets du dégoût

Author(s): Bilyana Mihaylova / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

This article examines the etymological relationship between disgust and other emotions and is the first part of a more extensive study analyzing the etymologies of words denoting disgust in Indo-European languages. We have established that a considerable part of the words denoting disgust come from primary notions related to other emotions. The origin of words of disgust is also linked to words having the meaning of fear (5 roots), boredom (3 roots), hatred (2 roots), sadness (2 roots), anger (1 root), pride (1 root), and discontent (1 root). Fear is the emotion most often etymologically linked to disgust: 5 of 15 roots show a semantic evolution from a primary meaning of ‘fear’. Basic disgust, that of pathogen avoidance, and the fear of disease and death are very closely related, and this fact is reflected in the history of the words.

Remoteness markers in Kalajdži Romani as spoken in Montana (Bulgaria)

Author(s): Giulia Meli / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Romani imperfect and pluperfect are built by the agglutination of the same morpheme to the inflected forms of the present and the perfect, respectively. This morpheme, labelled as “remoteness marker” (Matras 2001:35) by the literature on Romani varieties, conveys a temporal value of distance towards a determined point of reference excluding at the same time any overlapping with the moment of speech, and thus its meaning approaches the “temporal discontinuity” highlighted by Plungian and Van der Auwera (2006). The remoteness marker is quite homogeneous in Romani varieties and the main recorded forms in the different dialects (-as/-a/-e/-s/-ys/-ahi, cf. Matras 2002: 152) allow to reconstruct a single Proto-Romani form *asi (cf. Bloch 1932, Bubeník 1995) or *sasi (Scala 2020), both going back to the Old Indo-Aryan as ‘to be’, maybe through the third person Middle Indo-Aryan form āsi or āsī ‘he/she/it was’. Nevertheless, some dialects show a greater complexity and a certain level of internal variation, and suggest that the general uniformity displayed by Romani varieties may have been preceded by a more composite situation. In particular, the paper analyses the remoteness markers of Kalajdži Romani of Montana (Bulgaria). Besides the widespread as, this dialect shows the previously unnoticed remoteness markers asa and asta, which have the same distribution of as, but a different origin. The objective of the study is to propose a reconstruction of the genesis of the two variants. While the remoteness marker asa can be explained as the outcome of recent internal innovation of Kalajdži, the remoteness marker asta seems to be connected to the OIA root sthā- and, pointing to a more ancient phase of the language, suggests a higher complexity of the Proto Romani strategies to build the imperfect and the pluperfect.

Book review

Author(s): Władysław Chłopicki / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Gramatičke i leksičke odlike govora Travnika s kraja XIX stoljeća

Author(s): Elmedina Alić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2022

Data related to the Travnik area speech at the end of the 19th century are scarce. Most data are provided by nine questionnaires from the survey Pitanja o govoru prostoga naroda from 1897 kept at the National Museum in Sarajevo. The data from those questionnaires, though invaluable for the dialectology of the central Bosnian area, has not been comprehensively presented or processed so far. The purpose of comparing the speech data of Travnik and its surroundings at the end of the 19th and data from late 20th century is to gain an insight into the changes that occurred in this Central Bosnian sub-dialect of the Ikavian-New-Štokavian (western) dialect. Data from 1897, as well as from the end of the 20th century (Govor u slivu Lašve, Valjevac 2002: 3–290) confirm that the Travnik speech is Ikavian, Šćakavian, New-Štokavian, with a stable four-accent system. In the span of one hundred years, the retreat of certain dialectological lines is noticed, that is, the withdrawal of a more archaic spoken type over standard-language forms, has been observed. These changes are evident at the phoneticphonological, morphological and syntactic, as well as the lexical level. A detailed description of the features of Travnik speech at the end of the nineteenth century at the phonetic-phonological level is presented in a paper titled Govor Travnika krajem XIX stoljeća: Fonetsko-fonološke osobenosti (Alić 2001: 147–151). The purpose of this paper is to present the characteristics of the Travnik speech towards the end of 19th century on a morphological, syntactic and lexical level, and then compare the Travnik speech from the end of the 19th century with today’s speech of Travnik and its surroundings. In this way, the data of the nine questionnaires from the survey Pitanja o govoru prostoga naroda will be fully processed and presented to the scientific audience. Without data from the Pitanja o govoru prostoga naroda, it would be impossible to see the changes that took place in the Ikavian-Šćakavian speech of Travnik and its surroundings in the last one hundred and twenty years.

Govori kladanjskog i olovskog kraja u XIX vijeku

Author(s): Senahid Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2022

In 1897, the National Museum in Sarajevo conducted a survey seeking to gain an insight into the speech of the common people. This was the very first dialectological questionnaire in the South Slavic region. In the Kladanj area, which then included today’s Olovo municipality, five questionnaires were completed. The answers from these questionnaires, as well as the notes, enable the reconstruction of the dialectal image of Kladanj and its surroundings at the end of the 19th century. This paper emphasizes the most important phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features of these dialects and their stratification with respect to the confessional affiliation of the speaker.

Kaitstud doktoritööd

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1-2/2020

Defended doctoral theses.

JAZYKOVÝ OBRAZ ZDVORILOSTI V POVESTIACH PAVLA DOBŠINSKÉHO A ROZPRÁVKACH KARLA JAROMÍRA ERBENA

Author(s): Lucia Anna Trubačová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

The article The Linguistic Picture of Politeness in Dobšinský's legends and Erben's tales brings up the question how the meanings of the politeness concept and its context usages contribute to the broader Slovak and Czech linguistic picture of the world. To be able to answer this question we observed and interpreted various definitions of the concept we found in Slovak and Czech dictionaries and ethical manuals. With this theoretical base we have continued our observations of the concept within the literary field of legends and tales by Slovak romantic author Pavol Dobšinský and Czech romantic author Karel Jaromír Erben.

МОВА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ АПОКРИФІВ ЯК КУЛЬТУРНИЙ КОД

Author(s): Solomiia Pavlovska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of the article is to reveal the communicative aspect of apocrypha recoding in the field of Ukrainian culture. The research methodology. According to the research strategy, a set of general scientific methods and methods of linguistic cultural studies have been used in the work. The conceptual methodological core of the study is the dialogical method, through which the connection of the apocryphal code with the code of a particular culture is analysed; the process of reinterpretation of Ukrainian apocryphal literature is investigated in the chronotope. Scientific novelty. For the first time it was scientifically proved that the Ukrainian Apocrypha is an open system oriented to the dialogue of cultures with different codes, one of the forms of coding, which allows to identify a particular cultural slice, intertext, which integrates an invariant complex of texts based on church dogmas, as well as a variant text complex, determined by the conditions of social life in a particular time period. Conclusions. The reserach is devoted to the communicative aspect of the language of the Ukrainian Apocrypha as a cultural code. The hypothesis of the Apocrypha as an intertext has been put forward and verified.The algorithm of Ukrainian apocrypha encoding dynamics in the chronotope has been traced. The concept of the East-West dichotomy in the linguistic modeling and storylines of Ukrainian apocrypha has been developed and the factors of this dichotomy have been determined.

ADBİLİMSEL ÇERÇEVEDE TAKMA ADLAR ve LAKAPLAR: YEŞİLYURT (ALAŞEHİR) KÖYÜ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Sevda Özen ERATALAY,Süleyman ERATALAY / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

Onomastics, which has a considerable place in language studies, is also an important field in which different disciplines work. Nicknames and sobriquets are also elements of this scienceNicknames or sobriquets have been used in almost every phase of human history. For example, a commander may be awarded a nickname as a result of his heroism on the battlefield, while a different commander may have a negative nickname for his cruelty. The society ascribes these two different namings. The lines that inspire a poet are part of his talent, and this poet can also be the creator of his own nickname with the lines he creates. Someone who is accepted as the leader of a community can also be called by a different name created by his own community. These sobriquets, which are attributed to people, often appear as symbols of experience. The ancestry, lineage or groups in which individuals are included are also referred to as nicknames. These nicknames sometimes go so old that it is not known on what and by whom they were given/created. These products, which contain many materials to be researched within the framework of language studies, are also special pieces that make up the culture and tradition of the society. These pieces tell the story of societies, their relations with different cultures, their social lives, etc. it allows us to combine small details by presenting many elements to us. In the study, the nicknames and sobriquets of Yeşilyurt Village will be evaluated.

Отново за нелегитимния говорещ в българския език: за обхвата на явлението и незаменяемостта на перфектите с ренаративи

Author(s): Krasimir Kabakchiev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Apart from residing in renarratives proper predominantly, renarration as a semantic and grammatical value can be found in Bulgarian present perfect verb forms too. When a Bulgarian native speaker faces a choice between a present perfect and a preterit renarrative, the former is often replaceable by a renarrative. However, there are cases in which replaceability of perfects with renarratives is impossible. The reasons for this are analyzed and explained; a larger scope of the speaker ghosting phenomenon is revealed. The study facilitates some significant generalizations: (i) grammatical entities (categories, grammemes) arise due to structural dependences; (ii) as the perfect has no semantic content of its own and exercises structural functions, Slavic languages that appear not to feature perfects can actually be said to have perfects – under the guise of preterits.

CHALLENGES AND PITFALLS IN CONDUCTING DIALECTAL SURVEY IN THE AREA BÂRGĂULUI, BISTRIȚA-NĂSĂUD COUNTY

Author(s): Maria Cornelia Rus / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

Bârgăului Valley in Bistrița-Năsăud County is considered a transition area, which falls within the Northeastern Transylvanian language. Dialectal survey is an effective method of collection of linguistic material, as it involves the interaction of the investigator with the subjects and direct recording of concrete information related to the evolution of a subject. The purpose of the study is to present the challenges and pitfalls encountered in developing surveys dialects developed in the Bârgăului area, Bistrița-Năsăud county. In conducting the direct dialect survey in the field, I used the "spy" recording method. and I applied a questionnaire consisting of 186 questions. The linguistic material collected was saved on electronic support for the purpose of phonetic transcription, systematization, analysis and interpretation of phonetically, morphologically and lexically. Currently, the conduct of a dialectal survey subjects the investigator to attempts at time type, technology progress etc. People are very busy, work in factories, and after finishing the program ends its field work and housework. Young people no longer have time available, because he plans and organizes each action. Development of social networks and online media tools, regardless of the age of the informants, there is a fear of not being popularized on the internet, either out of a desire to protect their identity and privacy, or from fear of not being judged by the community, due to the fact that they are not aware of the village traditions, not knowing how to answer some questions. Technological advances have helped me as an investigator in recording, storing and processing information collected, but at the same time through the development of networks and media channels have contributed to the fear induction of popularization in the virtual environment.

ROMGLOBISH - THE DYNAMIC CODE OF ROMANIAN YOUTUBERS

Author(s): Anamaria Radu,Alexandra Cotoc / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2021

Our study provides a multifaceted discourse analysis of young Romanians tackling different topics on YouTube vlogs. As the explicit goal of the vloggers under focus is to raise awareness on social and political problems, on the Romanian music or culture, on travels and leisure time activities, gadgets, technology, sports etc. we will pursue an in-depth analysis of their discourses, focusing on the way their discourse is shaped in order to be catchy and liked by their followers. The dynamics of the Romanian language is manifested today in its most obvious forms in the language of Internet users, especially vloggers. We will analyze the influence of Globish and English in the new created code of Romanian YouTubers. The Romanian language constitutes a matrix in which English and Globish are poured and they become part of a new dynamic code, destined to be changed at all levels: lexical, morphological and syntactical.

DERIVATIVES WITH THE SUFFIX -TOR IN POST-WAR ROMANIAN POETRY

Author(s): Claudia DRAGOMIR (DRĂGHICI) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

The poetic derivatives with the suffix -tor in post-war Romanian poetry can be analysed according to some rules of lexical systematization, the delimitation of the suffix from the homonymous variant while taking into account stable, but also occasional, analyzable and semi-analyzable formations, formal (morphological) analysis; lexical and lexical-grammatical values, as well as semantic interpretations; the origin and short history of the suffix, the productivity of the suffix in poetic creations, etc. One may notice that among the suffixes denoting trades, the suffix –tor (or -ator) is the most productive in Romanian. The suffix -tor is characterized by polysemantism and forms derivatives with different meanings and of different genders.

THE THEORY OF TONOMYMIC FIELDS. THE CASE OF JIJIA UPPER VALLEY

Author(s): Bogdan Constantin Archip / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

Our research will reveal a series of particularities, specific for the theory of tonomymic fields and the correlation between the awareness of speakers’ affiliation to a certain geographical region and their methods to translate this affiliation into toponymic terminology.

TOPONYMS WITH A GEOMORPHOLOGIC DESIGNATION. JIJIA UPPER VALLEY

Author(s): Bogdan Constantin Archip / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

Our approach aims the classification of toponyms based on their designation degree within the geomorphology specific for Jijia Upper Valley, Botoșani county.

LATIN APHORISMS AND PHRASES: VALUES AND PRINCIPLES

Author(s): Eugenia Mincu,Dorina Macovei,Natalia Rotari,Cristina Negru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

Some researchers name Latin a "dead language" which saves the living. However, we consider the phrase a dead language to be untrue, because the perpetuation of the Latin language is demonstrated and ensured, first of all, by Latin aphorisms and phrases, which reflect human existential values and assume the role of Genus Universalis. This article proposes the analysis of Latin aphorisms and phrases from the three-dimensionality perspective: ontology, gnoseology and deontology. At the same time, criteria for classifying Latin aphorisms and phrases are proposed.

ARGUMENTATION BASED ON SEMANTIC FIGURES IN THE TELEVISION INTERVIEW

Author(s): Loredana-Aurelia Alexandrescu,Maria Alexandrescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

Our study focuses on argumentative techniques based on semantic rhetorical figures (metaphor, comparison, metonymy, oxymoron), in the current interview type Romanian television discourse. The analysis is performed on four television shows: Professionals, broadcasted on TVR1, moderated by Eugenia Vodă (interviews with Monica Macovei, Andrei Pleşu, Dem Rădulescu, Father Ilarion and Father Bartolomeu Anania); Breakfast with a champion, broadcasted on TVR 2 and TVR2 HD, hosted by Daniela Zeca-Buzura(interview with Corina Chiriac and Andrei Pleşu); Nocturnes, on TVR1, TVR HD and TVR +, moderated by Marina Constantinescu (interview with LiviuCiulei); Let's cultivate gratitude, on Trinitas TV, made by Eveline Păuna (interview with Daniela Zeca-Buzura); we mention the fact that in the analyzed interviews all the typological discursive formscan be found, from the legal discourse (Monica Macovei), with descriptive and narrative structures, to the religious discourse (Fr. Ilarion from the Monastery “The Cross”, Father Bartholomew Anania) or philosophical (Andrei Pleșu).

LITERARY TEXT STYLISTICS: FROM TRADITION TO POSSIBLE WORLDS THEORY

Author(s): Liliana Danciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

In this article, I made a chronological incursion into the main stylistic theories and research directions in the poetic-semantic analysis of literary texts, in the Romanian space, but especially in the European and Anglo-Saxon space after 1950. The purpose of this information is that to underline the evolution of stylistics'vision regarding the notion of beauty, always researched from a philosophical perspective. Tradition shows us that the first stylistics were philosophers of the idea of Beautiful, just as, nowadays, analysts of literary texts are experts in language sciences and linguistic philosophy.