КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ДИСКУРСА СОСЕДСТВА В МАТЕРИАЛАХ РИЖСКОЙ ГАЗЕТЫ «СЕГОДНЯ» НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА

Author(s): Rozzana Kurpniece / Language(s): Russian Issue: 28(33)/2015

The article examines the conceptual-pragmatic aspect of the realization of the discourse of neighbourhood in the Riga’s city newspaper Segodnya (Today) from 1923 to 1925. The main representatives of the discourse are the utterances containing the word/concept “neighbour”. The analysis revealed that the word/concept “neighbour” in the communicative space of the newspaper demonstrates the dynamics of the meanings that can be explained by a variety of linguistic and extra-linguistic phenomena. The conceptual dominants of the discourse of the neighbourhood are defined by the following factors: the specifics of a particular event, the manner of introduction of the role behaviour of participants, the distribution of the communicative roles. The choice by a speaker of a particular pragmatic type of “wrapping” of an event in the process of organization of the utterances containing the unit of “neighbour” is subjected to the goals of the creation of the effect of greater reliability as well as strengthening the level of information significance for a potential addressee. The inclusion of the addressee into the eventful space of the discourse is one of the forms of attraction of attention from the side of the speaker towards the socially significant phenomena.

Yabanci Dil Öğretiminde Dilbilgisi

Author(s): Dilek Peçenek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 141/2008

This study firstly aims at analyzing implications of Descriptive Grammars and findings of Second Language Acquisition Research on teaching grammar in foreign language. Secondly it intends to present options in grammar teaching based on knowledge highlighted by Cognitive Approach. The matter of analysis has been done within the frame of foreign language teaching approaches in the limitation of grammar teaching perspectives.

Indikativische Tempora in Inhaltssätzen im Deutschen

Author(s): Marta Koutová / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2012

The article deals with the development of analytic approaches to the use of specific tenses in the indicative mood in German subordinate content clauses, as presented in German linguistics. The author presents the results of her own research based on the examples of subordinate content clauses found in the Mannheim corpus of German texts.According to the latest German scholarship, there are two principles governing the tense distribution in the indicative mood in subordinate content clauses introduced by a verb in the past tense: 1. the perspective of speaker 1, i.e. the point of view of the characters in the story, 2. the perspective of speaker 2, i.e. the point of view of the narrator. The first principle is comparable to the principle governing the use of the tenses in subordinate content clauses in Slavic languages, the second principle is comparable to the sequence of tenses used in English and other Germanic languages. The first principle finds its use more in the spoken or non-standard discourse, the second one is typical for standard German.The present paper focuses on sentences consisting of a past-tense main clause and one embedded content clause that allows the alternation between present tense and preterite (...dass sie schwanger ist vs. ...dass sie schwanger war), as attested in the Mannheim corpus. The analysis essentially confirms the existing approaches and theories but it also brings new findings, which call for adjusting the current views and which pose new questions for more comprehensive corpus-based research.

Široce způsobové vedlejší věty zájmenně-příslovcové

Author(s): Josef Štěpán / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2012

The article offers a semantic classification of pronominal-adverb clauses expressing broad manner. The pronoun ten incorporated into the head clause most often by a secondary preposition or as a part of a multiverbation unit anticipates a subordinate clause of broad manner introduced by a pronominal relative adverb. The centre of broad-manner clauses is formed by clauses expressing narrow manner, extent or degree, means, accompanying circumstances. Clauses expressing exception and respect are close to the periphery. The periphery is formed by clauses expressing appropriate action and clauses with a relationship of attachment.

Kapitoly z české gramatiky. Ed. František Štícha. Praha: Academia 2011. 1167 s.

Author(s): Miloslava Sokolová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 6/2012

Variantnost koncovek -i/-é v nominativu plurálu substantiv zakončených na -asta, -ista, -ita ve světle novějších korpusových dokladů

Author(s): Milena Hebal-Jezierska / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2011

The aim of the article is to present an analysis of variant endings -i and -é. The research was carried out on the base of Czech National Corpus SYN2005. The ending -i is a vari-ant of ending -é in the standard language (it amounts to 4 %). According to the corpora examination, the ending -i can be mainly found in the names of followers and members of social and political movements and institutions. No occurence or sporadic occurrence of the ending -i can be found in names of followers of religious views, supporters of reli-gious movements and members of sects, the names of specialists and sportsmen. The occurence of the form -i depends on the various factors: linguistical layer, semantical group that the word belongs to, type and frequency of the word, context and a text.

Accusative resumptive pronoun in the Czech relative clauses with absolutive relativizer co

Author(s): Mirjam Fried / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

This paper addresses the poorly understood patterning in the presence vs. absence of the accusative resumptive pronoun in the Czech relative clauses (RC) introduced by the absolutive relativizer co. Using both qualitative and frequency-based quantitative ana-lysis, I investigate the distribution of the resumptive pronoun in authentic usage as at-tested in the Czech National Corpus. The study leads to the conclusion that the criteria that determine the distribution of the accusative resumptive pronoun go well beyond the traditionally invoked need for expressing agreement categories (gender, number) and grammatical relations (accusative object) or that the presence vs. absence of the pronoun should depend exclusively on the animacy of the relativized noun. Instead, the distribution appears to depend on the semantic compatibility between the relativized noun and the proposition expressed by the RC, reflecting a functional distinction be-tween a determinative and non-determinative (explicative) interpretation of the RC; the former is unambiguously signaled by the bare relativizer co, the latter is available with the analytic co + resumptive pronounACC pattern as one of the interpretive options.

Ke vztahu kognitivního obsahu a jazykového významu

Author(s): Jarmila Panevová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2010

The necessity to distinguish between ontological (cognitive, extralinguistic) content and linguistic (‚literal’) meaning has its sources in European structural linguistics. The idea that the task of linguistics itself is to study language in its „form“ rather than in its „sub-stance“ is further elaborated in the Prague Linguistic Circle. However, analyzing concre-te language data we often face many open questions: It is not always clear how to divide the knowledge of language from the knowledge of the world, which general criteria could be used for the separation of (language) ambiguity and vagueness etc. The present contribution cannot be aimed at the solution of these non-trivial distinctions; we only present some Czech examples as a challenge for consideration, which we believe to be useful for the determination of this boundary. The examples belonging to the different phenomena of language structure are analyzed from the point of view of the asymmetry between the layer of content and the layer of meaning. The examples with different aspectual and tense forms are used as an exemplification of the asymmetry „same con-tent – different meanings“. The reflexive forms, dative case dependent on the verb, core-ference with infinitival and other constructions serve as examples of the situation whe-re instances of different content are not articulated as oppositions in linguistic meaning but rather display structural ambiguity. Despite of these problems, we are convinced that without keeping the distinction between linguistic meaning and cognitive content during the analysis of language data the description of the language system is impossible.

Od ni přes aniž až k bez toho, aniž by

Author(s): František Štícha / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2010

The article concerns primarily the distribution of the single-word conjunction aniž and its synonyms, which are the compounds bez toho, aby/bez toho, že and the most com-plex form bez toho, aniž by. The author argues that this complex conjunction, which consists of four words (the word aniž itself being, form the historical point of view, a fusion of three words – a – ni – ž), is a problematic innovation in contemporary stan-dard Czech. The reason is that the shorter innovation of bez toho, aby or bez toho, že was invented (or adopted from other languages) after November 1989 to replace the single-word aniž probably for stylistic reasons (aniž being felt as strongly formal or li-terary). Now, the most complex bez toho, aniž by combines the newly used bez toho, aby/že with the formal aniž, which, in fact, should have been replaced by the bez toho, aby/že. a fully non-functional device thus appears within the system of Czech conjuncti-ons and only future usage will determine whether this will be adopted in standard Czech. As the corpus findings show now, the single-word aniž is much more frequent in written standard Czech than both the bez toho, aby/že variant and the most complex bez toho, aniž by.

Miloslava Sokolová: Nový deklinačný systém slovenských substantív.

Author(s): Josef Šimandl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2010

The Complementizer say in Nigerian Pidgin English – Traces of Language-internal Processes or Areal Features?

Author(s): Olga Frąckiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2016

The paper presents the use of the complementizer say in various types of sentence structures of Nigerian Pidgin English. The data comes from the contemporary language in its written form and is based mostly on transcriptions of Wazobia FM on-air broadcasts as well as its Facebook fan page. The analysis of clausal examples enables us to claim that the differentiation of structures in which say is used in Nigerian Pidgin English is a result of grammaticalization which is an internal-language process but one that is strongly influenced by the conceptual patterns of introducing the complement phrase in substrate languages.

Podręcznik do korpusologii.

Author(s): Maciej Rak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

ŻYDKI, GUDŁAJE, PARCHY I INNE WYRAZY HANIEBNE. ANTYSEMITYZM ODCIŚNIĘTY W DAWNEJ I WSPÓŁCZESNEJ LEKSYCE POLSKIEJ

Author(s): Dorota Zdunkiewicz-Jedynak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2021

The paper analyses the Polish lexis, recorded in dictionaries (since the 19th century) and the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP), which reflects the social attitudes that could be described as anti-Semitic. It discusses words expressing aversion, contempt, hostility, which carry a strong markedness that refers to the established negative stereotype of the Jew. Ethnonyms and their colloquial equivalents, words derived from an ethnonym, and its metaphorical neosematisms were used as the material for the description (the already examined paroemia and idiomatic expressions are outside the scope of the author’s interests).

Imenice a-vrste u ijekavskošćakavskom govoru Sarajeva

Author(s): Enisa Bajraktarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

The paper brings the morphological features of the a-type nouns of the Sarajevo dialect in the light of the Eastern Bosnian ijekavian-shtokavian dialect to which it belongs, connecting them with those previously recorded in Sarajevo as well as in the neighbouring dialects. Informants are Sarajevans born in the early 20th century. The corpus consists of transcribed audio material of about 150 pages.

Pragmaštylistický profil a poverenia titulku v alternatívnej internetovej žurnalistike

Author(s): Vladimir Patraś / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 21/2021

Regardless of the type of carrier, the headline – a signal device and a gateway to a journalistic piece of communication – meets four corresponding criteria. The usual mission of the visually noticeable frame component is to attract the recipients’ attention, to encourage their readiness to respond to the actual piece of communication, to mediate leitmotifs, and to define an acceptable genre affiliation of a journalistic product. Current internet journalism is characterized by significant colloquialization. This manifests itself by blurring the borders between oralness and writtenness (printedness) in communication, in the style and in the ambiguity of the stylistic procedure, as well as by hybrid structures that are constantly being generated. Along with the primary functions of communication – stimulating, informative and persuasive function – genre volatility allows the application of other predeterminations and functions in internet journalism: instructional, expressive, appellative, aesthetic, referential (descriptive), contact and meta-language. These can also be noticed in the pragma-stylistic profile and purpose of headlines. In the paper, the aforementioned processes, trends and consequences are explored using a databank of headlines from alternative internet journalism.

Personal names in the work of Miloš Crnjanski „Migrations”

Author(s): Anca-Maria Bercaru / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The novel Migrations is a novel of restlessness, diversity and continuous movement through both Serbia and Europe. It is a novel in which all social classes are mentioned: servants, soldiers, princesses, princes, marshals, officers from the German army, priests and the anthroponymic inventory reflects all this diversity. Throughout the novel we encounter Serbian, German, Italian and mythological names. We submitted to analysis the Serbian version of the novel and the Romanian translated version. The purpose of this comparison is to observe the manner in which the Serbian names in the original version were reproduced. Thus, in brackets we will mention the name as it appears in the translated version. The present study aims at analysing the names comprised in the novel strictly from a linguistic perspective. We are going to classify the names according to the class they belong to (calendar, traditional, mythological) and present their direct etymology.

The Wake of Modernistic Tourism in the Kingdom: A Multimodal Analysis of Online Discourse

Author(s): Ansa Hameed,Naeem Afzal,Ismat Jabeen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Background: Suadi Vision 2030 is an embodiment of a futuristic vision that aims at attaining significant social, cultural, and economic advancement in the Kingdom within the ongoing decade. And revolutionizing the tourism industry is one of the key components in the Suadi Vision for not only developing a sustainable economic source but also representing the versatility of the Saudi landscape and culture to the outer world. Problem: However, to attract tourists from around the globe, it is pertinent to clearly and persuasively elucidate what the country has to offer in terms of its tourist attractions, facilities, and activities. For the said purpose, different government and private-run websites provide prime information and description of the tourism opportunities in KSA. Aim: The current project aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of linguistic and semiotic representation of the content provided online to attract foreign tourists specifically. Frameworks: The multimodal framework was adopted to analyze the selected content. To evaluate the written discourse, Fairclough’s critical analysis consisting of “description, interpretation, and explanation of text” (p. 109) was implemented. Similarly, to scrutinize the images ‘Grammar of Images’ model promulgated by Kress & van Leeuwen (2006) was employed. Results: The findings of the study demonstrate that the website discourse effectively presents the Kingdom as a modern, multicultural, and rich landscape for prospective tourists. Also, the imagery and discursive strategies applied positively exhibit the vitality and vivacity of Saudi culture, lifestyle and tourism experience through complementing each other effectively. Cognitive value: Saudi Vision 2030 has widely been analyzed employing multiple methods and frameworks. However, there is a dearth of research focusing on analyzing the use of discourse as well as images by employing a multimodal framework. This study contributes by addressing this gap in the existing research.

ВПЛИВ ЙОСИФІНСЬКОЇ МЕТРИКИ НА СИТУАЦІЮ В БУКОВИНСЬКОМУ ГЕРЦОГСТВІ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ „ПОКАЖЧИКА ВСІХ МІСЦЕВОСТЕЙ, ЩО ЗНАХОДЯТЬСЯ В КОРОЛІВСТВІ ГАЛИЧИНИ ТА ВОЛОДИМИРІЇ, А ТАКОЖ ВЕЛИКОМУ КНЯЗІВСТВІ КРАКІВСЬКОМУ ТА БУКОВИНСЬКОМУ ГЕРЦОГСТВІ”)

Author(s): Oleg SLІUSAR / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2021

The article analyzes the historical background, the process of introduction and consequences of the adoption of the Josephine Metrics, the successor of Maria Theresa, Emperor Joseph II, and its impact on settlement of different ethnic groups, industrial development and economic prospects of the new lands of the Austrian Empire and Bukovina in particular in first half of the XIX century. The analysis of this issue led to the use of the following research methods, among which the etymological analysis made it possible to study the names of toponyms in Bukovina; The method of theoretical analysis in combination with practical calculations made it possible to establish the number of new settlements of ethnic groups living in Bukovina at that time, as well as a comparative analysis of Theresian and Josephine metrics and their individual components. Scientific novelty. The influence of the Josephine metric on the lands of Galicia and Bukovina, in particular, was analyzed for the first time. Conclusions. The analysis clearly shows the positive impact of the Josephine metric on the development of the newly annexed lands of the Austrian Empire in the late XVIII - first half of the XIX century

Revisiting constraints on postverbal argument coding and linearization in English goal ditransitive constructions

Author(s): Bebwa Isingoma / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The current study seeks to revisit the analysis that attributes the infelicity, in all varieties of English, of strings like (1) ‘*He gave the man it’ and (2) ‘*He gave to him it’ to “the clash between the topical character of the pronoun ‘it’ and the focality associated with end position in English”, in addition to the “breach of the short-before-long principle” (Siewierska & Hollmann, 2007: 86f.) The string in (1) is a double object construction (DOC), while that in (2) is a prepositional construction (PPC). In contradistinction to the above constraints, the present study shows that the pronoun ‘it’ can felicitously appear in the end position in DOCs, as in e.g. “He gave him it” (cf. Huddlestone, 2002: 248), besides the fact that the so-called ‘short-before-long principle’ is clearly violated in that sentence without rendering it ungrammatical. Hence, end position and the “breach of the short-before-long principle” are not tenable constraints. Thus, the current study maintains that for a DOC to accommodate a personal pronoun theme, its goal argument must be realized as a lexically unstressed constituent (cf. Antilla, 2008), specifically as a pronoun (e.g. He gave him it). On the other hand, postponing a personal pronoun theme in the PPC is not possible (e.g. *He gave to him it) because a postponed theme involving non-heavy NP shift is only possible if it is a nominal constituent, since nominal constituents are both contrastively and lexically stressable (cf. Antilla et al., 2010), as in e.g. He gave to him the book – a construction that has been reported to occur in the northern dialect of British English (cf. Siewierska & Hollmann, 2007). Any attempt to postpone a personal pronoun theme will render the sentence ungrammatical (e.g. *He gave to him it), even where there is an unequivocally contrastively stressable pronoun like ‘them’ (e.g.*He gave to him them), since, while ‘them’ is no doubt contrastively stressable, it is not lexically stressable. Both lexical stressability and contrastive stressability are a requirement for this kind of postponement.

Unpacking modified idiomatic expressions in Kenyan political discourse: A cognitive linguistic perspective

Author(s): George Ouma Ogal,Eliud Kiruji Kirigia,Victor Ondara Ntabo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Political discourse employs colorful expressions to establish strong relationships with the audience. Speakers or writers exploit the relationship between human language and socio-political experiences to initiate creative discourses through modification of expressions. Against this background, this study sets out to investigate the meaning of modified idiomatic expressions in Kenyan political discourse. The study has two objectives: to describe the structural and lexical modification of idiomatic expressions and to interpret the modified forms using vital relations. The study employs descriptive research design. The study randomly sampled ten idioms used during the 2017 General Elections and used content analysis to establish the lexical and structural relationships between the canonical and modified expressions. The idioms were analyzed using the Conceptual Integration Theory to preserve the link between two expressions and account for the emergent meaning. The study found that Kenyan political discourse achieves figurative competencies through modified idioms. Interpretation of modified idioms requires a thorough understanding of vital relations and pragmatic inferences. Further, Cognitive Linguistics establishes backstage cognition and supplies the elements omitted by grammar. The study concludes that modified idiomatic expressions achieve contextual significance. Consumers of modified idiomatic expressions should immerse themselves in the socio-political backgrounds to unmask the emergent meaning.