Why Modrić and Real rather than Real and Modrić?

Author(s): Mario Brdar / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

The order of the constituents within a coordinated NP construction is in theory open, i.e. either constituent can occupy either the initial or the final position. When it comes to specific realizations of the coordinate constructional template, the choice of the initial constituent need not be random at all. It is well-known that in some phraseological units, i.e. in the so-called irreversible binomials, their order is as a rule quite fixed (e.g. duša i tijelo ‘body and soul,’ kruh i sol ‘bread and salt,’ život i smrt ‘life and death,’ iće i piće ‘drinks and food,’ muž i žena ‘husband and wife’) and seems to be dictated by a number of cognitive factors, among which iconic principles play an important role. Apart from such conventionalized phraseological pairs, the relative order of constituents seems to be guided by the speaker’s communicative intentions, and therefore in principle be quite flexible. However, it appears that in cases of coordination of proper nouns denoting parts and wholes there is a clear preference for the construction in which the part precedes the whole (Osijek i Slavonija rather than Slavonija i Osijek, Modrić i Real rather than Real i Modrić, etc.). The differences between their distributions on the one hand, and the distributions found with comparable inanimate nouns and animate common nouns in coordination on the other, are explained in terms of the reference point construction (Langacker 1993). The proper noun denoting a person functions as a cognitive reference point facilitating the resolution of indeterminacy due to the fact that the second proper noun in coordination can have more than one metonymically related sense. Such coordinated constructions are shown to be functionally similar to associative plurals as they are also a means of referring to heterogeneous collectives that have a prominent, focal member.

Rola obrazów mentalnych w procesie myślenia zwierząt. Czy język jest warunkiem koniecznym myślenia?

Author(s): Honorata Korpikiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

In the article it is argued that the conviction that verbally expressed language (as commonly employed by humans) is necessary for thinking is not justified. Animals have been found to employ various communication systems (languages) and, though these are different from human language, they testify to consciousness and thought. Recent research among autistic people has indicated that they frequently think in images rather than words, and it is suggested that this was the original feature of human thinking and may also be the basis of animal thinking.

Modeli poučavanja značenja glagolskih prefikasa i prefigiranih glagola u nastavi hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika

Author(s): Darko Matovac,Sanda Lucija Udier / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

In the first part of this paper two existing models of teaching meanings of verbal prefixes and the process of verbal prefixation in Croatian as a second and foreign language are discussed – the verb-centric model known as the verbs in context model and the prefix-centric model known as the prefix by prefix model. In addition to several positive aspects of these two models, their shortcomings are identified as well, and consequently the need for the development of a new model of teaching verbal prefixation in Croatian as a second and foreign language is recognized. The paper proposes a new model based on the description of verbal prefixes and their uses as produced within cognitive linguistics theoretical framework. It can be presupposed that this newly devised model will be superior to the previous two models since it is more concrete, simple, logic and clearer concerning the presentation of the process of verbal prefixation.

Littlemore, Jeannette: 2015. Metonymy. Hidden shortcuts in language, thought and communication

Author(s): Lajos Nagy / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2016

Review of: Littlemore, Jeannette: 2015. Metonymy. Hidden shortcuts in language, thought and communication

ОБ ОБРАЗНО-АССОЦИАТИВНЫХ СВЯЗЯХ ЛЕКСЕМЫ ПАМЯТЬ: В КОНТЕКСТЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИНВАРИАНТНОСТИ ОБРАЗА

Author(s): Gulshat Ahmathanovna Khairutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper discusses the figurative potential of the lexeme memory. The figurativeness of the lexical unit is investigated based on the idea of invariance, or paradigmaticity, of a verbal figure. The analysis is based on the poetic works of the 19th–20th centuries in the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The most voluminous paradigms in which the noun memory acts as an object of comparison are described. The grounds for rapprochement between the object and figure during the functioning of the studied lexeme are revealed.

À propos de quelques structures lexico-syntaxiques du type dit comparatif dans un texte scientifique

Author(s): Alicja Hajok / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

This article presents several lexical and syntactic structures characteristic of scientific texts. Markers of comparison such as être identique à, différer de, comme are one element of the analyzed structures. The proposed analyses treat phraseology in a wider context (phraséologie étendue) and are a part of a broader research on motive.

Język odziedziczony – polszczyzna pokoleń polonijnych

Author(s): Ewa Lipińska,Anna Seretny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

The term heritage language has been functioning in the relevant world literature since the late 1990s. It began to be used in Polish publications somewhat later gradually gaining acceptance in the circles of researchers, teachers and users. Its popularity ensures its broad application in various subdisciplines of linguistics – it is used not only by language educationalists, but also psycho-, ethno-, and sociolinguists. This study outlines the specificity of the notion of heritage language with particular focus on its significance in ethnic education and usefulness when differentiating between natural and cognitive bilingualism, and describing linguistic competences of users, which are largely determined by being part of a given generation of the Polish community abroad.

Exemplification in academic discourse structure

Author(s): Ewa Kucelman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The study examines the role that exemplification plays in academic discourse. As the latest approaches emphasize, discourse is an interaction activity involving as participants both the writer and the reader. In order to ensure the proper understanding of his/her message, writers make use of different discourse strategies such as reformulation, specification, generalization or elaboration. We focus on how exemplification, viewed as the satellite, contributes to the better recognition of the subject matter, which is understood as the nucleus. In the first two sections of the study, we present an overview of discourse relations which call for the use of constructions applied in exemplification. The second part, which is based on the linguistic material obtained from a close scrutiny of two classic articles from the field of linguistics and one linguistic textbook, is devoted to the description of how exemplification contributes to specification and elaboration. We try to find and describe the specific relations, for example set-member, whole-part, process-step and object-attribute which hold between the nucleus and the satellite. Finally, we attempt at listing discourse areas which call for exemplification. The study illustrates that what are known as separate discourse relations are in fact closely related.

Русский за рубежом: язык и функции

Author(s): Suren T. Zolyan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

We discuss the main issues connected with the functioning of the Russian language abroad. Language is considered as a multidimensional entity, this implies a multiplicity and complementarity of its social statuses and sociolinguistic functions. The special attention is drawn to the role of the Russian language in education and its possible ability to integrate some cultural and civilizational areas.

Семиотичен подход към преводимостта на културата

Author(s): Irena Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The semiotic highlight of cultural translatability suggests the idea of its relative adequacy. It allows tо examinе the translatability as a kind of hierarchy between certain parameters, which should be applied to the translation analysis in terms of both lingua-cultural identity and cross-cultural dialogue.

CILEX: Innover, Motiver, Inspirer. Un rêve devenu réalité

Author(s): Colette Pawlonka,Maciej Pospiech / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2017

Инструменти за измерване на интеркултурната компетентност

Author(s): Raya Zhivkova-Krupeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the present article is an overview of existing instruments for measuring intercultural competence. The wide variety of instruments is due to focus on different aspects of intercultural competence in the design of each of them and the lack of a unified notion as to the components of intercultural competence. The majority of instruments for measuring intercultural competence are oriented towards teamwork in international corporations, which defines their characteristic features. Since they are not directly applicable in FLT, an instrument based on Byram's model of intercultural competence is more suitable.

Дискурсология, или типология вербального мыш­ления

Author(s): Michał Łabaszczuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 148/2014

In the article the peculiarity and the variety of the relations between the images, notions and concepts are analyzed. They are embodied in the signs and verbal models. The semantics of the basic types of discourses is described according to the typology of the thinking and to the six types of verbal activity. The peculiarity of the semantics of lexical units in the basic types of verbal thinking is characterized by the peculiarity of the semantic and pragmatic relations between the psychophysiological, rational and semiotic components in the typical situations of the social activity and in the relations of productions.

Пространствените ориентации в културата и в езика

Author(s): Palmira Legurska,Ilya Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

East, west, north, south are not universal concepts. In a number of cultures and historical periods they are missing or remain unnamed. The words they designate often turn into conceptual metaphors that pierce in everyday speech. Concepts contain language and cultural knowledge, ideas, assessments. Knowing the national culture is a key to understand the right meaning.

Obilježja upotrebe i značenja prijedloga mimo u hrvatskom jeziku

Author(s): Darko Matovac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

This paper describes and analyses usages of the preposition mimo in Croatian (the only spatial preposition etymologically related to a verb). Its main goal is to present a coherent semantic description of the usages of this preposition. This presupposes the elaboration of its primary spatial meaning as well as the identification of primary spatial meaning as a motivation source for all other usages – spatial and non-spatial. The theoretical framework is cognitive linguistics, while the analysis and the conclusions are based on the interpretation of examples collected through corpus searches. In addition to the information on prepositional usages, the paper brings information on other usages of spatial particle mimo as well.

Hamawand, Zeki 2011. Morphology in English. Word formation in Cognitive Grammar

Author(s): Lana Matijaković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This is a review of: Hamawand, Zeki 2011. Morphology in English. Word formation in Cognitive Grammar.

Фрейм-сценарий в репрезентации художественного вымысла: лингвокультурный аспект

Author(s): Anna I. Dzyubenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2024

The role of the frame-scenario as a cognitive structure within the artistic image, a key element of literary fiction, was studied. By examining Agatha Christie’s novel “A Pocket Full of Rye”, an example of detective discourse, the linguocultural and pragmatic features of the frame-scenario “investigation” were identified. The mechanisms of semiosis of linguistic and aesthetic signs were described, revealing how they deconstruct and transform frames and scenarios typical of a given linguoculture to create literary fiction in the textual and discursive space. The methods used include observation, modeling, cognitive-semantic and linguo-cultural analysis, and philological interpretation. It was demonstrated that frame-scenarios of detective discourse function within the contexts of both subject-referent and procedural situations. However, in “A Pocket Full of Rye”, A. Christie deviates from the procedural context by describing the crime with irony, as well as by gradually introducing the characters falling under suspicion of committing the crime. Unlike frames and scenarios as two cognitive structures within a particular linguoculture characterized by the certainty and stereotypy of properties and actions, the frame-scenario in literary discourse is marked by constant deconstruction, transformation of the events expected by the reader, thereby constituting the basis of the semiosis of literary fiction.

An investigation of interactive metadiscourse markers in academic research article abstracts in two disciplines

Author(s): Irena Cani / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

An in-depth examination of abstracts from research articles can delve into various aspects, with linguistic features being a key focal point. One essential facet of linguistic features within research article abstracts involves the strategic use of interactive metadiscourse. This dynamic element plays a pivotal role in enhancing text persuasiveness and unfolding its significance within a discourse community. At the core of employing interactive metadiscourse is the belief in crafting socially engaging writing. Specifically, it illustrates how writers immerse themselves in their arguments, conveying attitudes and commitments to their readers. This research seeks to unravel the deployment of interactive metadiscourse markers by abstract writers across two disciplinary communities, Linguistic and Information Technology sciences. The overarching objective is to understand how these writers, hailing from diverse academic backgrounds, employ interactive metadiscourse to effectively communicate and organize their discourse for a wider audience. In line with this objective, Hyland's (2005) interpersonal model of metadiscourse serves as the analytical framework. A meticulous analysis was conducted on 64 research article abstracts in the fields of Linguistics and Information Technology. The findings reveal notable variations in the utilization of interactive metadiscourse across these two disciplines, shedding light on the distinctive approaches employed by writers to engage their audience and structure their discourse

Terminologia externă a domeniului botanică. Motivarea extralingvistică

Author(s): Daniela Suciu (Fodor) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

The characteristic “motivated” can be attributed to the specialized terms, in opposition to the majority of the linguistic signs that have an unmotivated or arbitrary character from the perspective of the extrinsic relationship between concept and extralinguistic reality. We are aware that the specialized vocabulary does not belong only to the specialists, the use of the terms in other registers of the language is a reality. In this case, there is a complementary relationship between the internal and the external terminology. Extralinguistic motivation is fundamental in terminology and it is illustrated by the relationship between the concept-term and the object belonging to the external world. In linguistics, the motivation is defined as a characteristic attributed to a small number of linguistic signs, as opposed to the majority of signs which have an arbitrary or unmotivated character from the point of view of the extrinsic relationship between the signs and the extralinguistic reality. In treatises, motivation is presented as being: absolute and relative in the case of derivative and compound words; partial (with suffixoids and prefixoids), etymologic (words inherited from Latin and Greek); phonetic, morpho-lexical, semantic; internal, external, intrinsic, phonetic, structural, partially etymologic, secondary etc. We will refer to the phenomenon of extralinguistic motivation because, within the terminology, all types of motivation are subordinated to it. Thus, we identify derivational motivation, accomplished with the help of suffixes and prefixes (capsular, akaryote, aphyllous) and motivation with the help of sematic modellers, respectively suffixoids, prefixoids, roots (hydrophyte, heliophyte, basophile, heliotrope).

VIRABILITY OF SOCIOCULTURAL STEREOTYPES IN AMERICAN MEDIA DISCOURSE

Author(s): Svitlana Lyubymova,Maria Shutova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper presents the conception of dynamics of media stereotyping that comprises emergence, functioning, disappearance or return of sociocultural stereotypes in American media discourse. Dynamics of media stereotyping is a cognitive and linguistic process, stimulated by social, cultural and media factors. A sociocultural stereotype is defined in our work as a verbalized cognitive structure that represents simplified and conventional image of an individual, a group or a phenomenon of a particular social environment. Sociocultural stereotypes are formed in the process of evaluative categorization, which is a mental process of dividing social phenomena, groups, and individuals into categories in compliance with national ideals, cultural values and social standards. Media discourse is the domain in which sociocultural stereotypes are formed and changed. Linguistic representations of sociocultural stereotypes reflect their changes that comprise evaluative variation, content modification, activation or inactivation due to lack of new information about the referents of stereotypes in media discourse. Inactivation leads to disappearance or reinterpretation of sociocultural stereotypes of American media discourse. Reappearance of a vanished sociocultural stereotype is defined in the paper as iteration. The conception of media stereotyping contributes to the development of cognitive-linguistic approach to mass communication study.