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STRUCTURAL AND WORD-BUILDING ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH “ANIMAL DISEASES” TERMINOLOGICAL FIELD

Author(s): Yurii Rozhkov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Linguistic analysis of the terms of the terminological field "animal diseases” is represented. Formation of terminological units is investigated, word-building patterns are characterized. The most productive methods of term formation and their structural types are determined. The peculiarities of formation and structure of one-component and multi-component terms of the terminological field "animal diseases" are analyzed. Thematic groups of abbreviations used for nomination of diseases of animals and their pathogens are considered. The analysis of existing forms of terms has made it possible to establish that the leading place in the studied terminological field belongs to multi-component terms, as modern science increasingly strives for the specification of existing terms, which allows representing objects in a detailed and refined form.

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CORPUS BASED APPROACH TO STUDYING VETERINARY MEDICINE LEXICON

Author(s): Yurii Rozhkov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The article is devoted to the corpus analysis of the terminology of veterinary medicine. The terms were selected through an analysis of current dictionaries and directories specializing in veterinary terminology. Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) has been selected to analyze the terms mentioned above due to it being the most comprehensive and up-to-date free mega corpus of texts in English. The results of the analysis can be used when working with veterinary specialized texts and in teaching a foreign language.

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THE SPECIFIC OF SYNESTHESIA IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN AND ENGLISH POETRY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE READER

Author(s): Myhailo Poplavskyi,Yulia Anatoliyivna Rybinska,Taisiia Ponochovna-Rysak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The actuality of this article is to consider synesthetic constructions from the standpoint of linguistically oriented theories, in the study of their ability to be represented in the meanings of linguistic units. The purpose of this work is to investigate the linguistic features of the representation of synesthesia in contemporary English and American poetry. The methodology of the survey is based on such methods as semantic analysis, component analysis, comparative analysis, methods of comparative and contrastive linguistics. The study examines various points of view in the nature of synesthesia. Despite the fact that there are practically no statistics for this phenomenon, scientists tend to believe that this phenomenon of perception is quite common. The article explains the content of the term "synesthesia" as a linguistic-psychological phenomenon, and determines its place in the system of stylistic means and metaphor (synsethetic metaphor) as a fundamental language of poetry. The research dwells on factual material – synesthetic combinations, metaphors taken from the works of art of contemporary English and American poetry which help to reveal some patterns, similarities and differences in the representation of synesthesia and explore the use of synesthetic metaphors in poetry of English and American poets. This study shows the implicit relationship between synesthesia and poetry.

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VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF DISEASE AND ANIMAL DISEASE IN ENGLISH

Author(s): Yurii Rozhkov,Alexey Syrotin / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The article is devoted to the comprehensive review of the concepts of DISEASE and ANIMAL DISEASE and means of their verbalization in English. The material for the study were articles from dictionaries, texts of medical discourse, the works of foreign researchers on this issue. The use of descriptive and comparative methods, etymological and contextual analyzes contributed to the selection of semantic and cognitive features of the DISEASE concept, substantiation of the peculiarities of its verbalization. There are three most common units in the lexical-semantic series of the DISEASE concept: "disease", "illness", "sickness". A comparative analysis of these tokens within the lexical-semantic field "disease" in English showed that they have a common semantic feature: "health problems, physiological or mental disorders." The DISEASE concept exists in both scientific and naive pictures of the world, but the ways of its expression differ significantly. In the scientific medical field, the concept of "disease" occupies a prominent position. The terms "illness", "sickness" are mainly used by naive native speakers mainly on a daily basis. In the English veterinary terminology, only three nominations are used to denote animal diseases: "disease", "sickness" and "illness" with the dominance of the token "disease".

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Perceptual and conceptual reference point constructions in cinematographic shots

Author(s): Mircea Valeriu Deaca / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In Cognitive Grammar, the concept of reference point (R) designates the conception of one entity invoked in order to establish “mental contact” with another. The reference point access is a manner of mental scanning of a series of discrete elements in order to find a final element embedded in this chain. In film, we can dissociate between perceptual reference point (pRP) and conceptual reference point (cRP). The pRP can be perceptually present in long takes that, after the editing cut, focus on a metonymic element of a scene in order to track to another section of the scene. The paper analyses several pRP and cRP constructions in film sequences and conceptual phenomena involving metonymy. Diegetic metonymy is compared to symbolic metonymy, which ultimately leads to metaphoric construals. We can also establish metonymic categories used as pivots between semantic domains and metonymies that profile unbounded qualities similar to mass nouns.

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Arhitecturi ideatice ale bunelor practici didactice premergătoare etapelor de comprehensiune interferențială și integrativă în formarea competențelor de comunicare verbală

Author(s): Marcel Bâlici,Nadejda Bâlici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The study aims at elaborating a conceptual vision of correlation of the factors related to an understanding of the text, from the perspective of the literal and contextual comprehension, in tandem with aspects of interferential and integrative understanding. The didactical techniques proposed are presented only as elements of an incipient level of approach for the comprehension of the text, while the fundamental element is represented by the full exploitation of the connotations of the lexeme of the further didactical approach, which is indispensable in any verbal communication. The conceptualization of the connections between the learning paradigms and the methodological framework for the application of the models has as a main objective the development of the frames for the interpretation of the data and elaboration of the methodological structures certified from the perspective of efficiency in application on a personal learning style of the user, while placing the adequate topical techniques as part of the learning strategy.

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Terminological Entry in Animal Science Language

Author(s): Izabela Oprea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Recently, the number of works centred upon terminological entries has multiplied, a great number of linguists showing interest in this field. Nevertheless, concerning animal science language, terminological entries aren’t studied enough. Thus, we aim at presenting in our work a trial of delimitating certain phrases and terms which are very important for animal science specialists and students, making comparisons between words and terms. Consequently, we will present significant information on general lexicon in order to conclude with animal science lexicon. Our work will comprise the following stages: 1. definition of terminological entries and conveying a short history; 2. extraction of phraseological units candidates to the terminological unit status; 3. application of Cabré (1998)’s principles.

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Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Filozofickej fakulte Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre

Author(s): Ľubomír Kralčák,Zuzana Kováčová,Renáta Hlavatá,Jozef Brunclík,Martin Diweg-Pukanec,Patrik Petráš,Milan Kolesík,Natália Glaap / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper discusses the results of the latest scholarly research of the members of the Linguistics section of the Department of Slavic Philologies of the Faculty of Arts, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, which have been achieved primarily within the framework of research grant schemes over the last 5 to 6 years. These scholarly activities and their results are currently the core of the research trends of the Nitra Slovak studies. Their characteristics are presented in the text in 8 chapters with an introductory brief information about the institutional history of the department. The individual chapters focus on the areas of actual linguistic research in the department, such as mainly the fields of historical linguistics, cognitive linguistics and textual linguistics, sociolinguistics and the theory of standard language, standard norm, machine translation or Slovak language islands abroad. The respective research areas are primarily covered by presentations of recently completed grant projects, or in the relevant parts also by very brief references to research follow-up within the department. The description of the above-mentioned activities of the Nitra Slovak studies concludes with a quick outline of the perspectives of the forthcoming research prospects of the institution under review.

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ДЕСТРУКТИВИ У РУСКОМ И СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Maja R. Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

The semantic category of destructiveness is one of the most important components of the general semantic system, which manifests itself – either explicitly or implicitly – in a qualitative and quantitative change in the structure of an object at the macro- and/or micro level through various (direct or indirect) specific actions, processes, states or relationships with strong negative connotations. It has its own linguistic status and its own lexical base (lexis of destruction). This category and its lexical stock occupy a significant place in the general classifi cation of lexemes of the Russian and Serbian languages. The terms “destruction” and “destructiveness” almost always refer to negative, destructive actions, processes or phenomena. The main characteristics of destruction in the broadest sense include: change, deformation, disintegration of something; structural changes under the impact of various forces (physical, mechanical, spontaneous) or humans. The result of destruction is usually the destruction of something (partial or complete). The semantic fi eld of destructiveness contains verbs at its core, and the peripheral part consists of nouns, adjectives, adverbs and other terminological vocabulary with destructive semantics. The central unit of such a verb-centric fi eld is the verb destroy, which forms the semantic basis of many other lexemes in this category.

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СЛИКА ЖЕНЕ У ДИЈАЛЕКАТСКИМ РЕЧНИЦИМА ПРИЗРЕНСКО-ТИМОЧКЕ ГОВОРНЕ ЗОНЕ

Author(s): Mirjana Ilić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

The paper analyzes the image of a woman from the perspective of a patriarchal language community, which is preserved in the lexicon of archaic Prizren-Timok dialects, based on a corpus of over one thousand lexemes. The linguistic worldview is stored in the conceptual structures of lexemes, where the conceptosphere of a traditionally educated patriarchal man is outlined through the semantic structure. The analysis shows how much the social status of a woman, her role in the social community, differs from that of today, but also points to the former ideal of female physical beauty, spiritual, psychological and moral characteristics

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THE INFLUENCE OF MODERN FORMS OF LEARNING ON THE EMOTIONAL CLIMATE IN THE LEARNING PROCESS

Author(s): Asim Praskić,Maja Trifunović,Danijela Milanović / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2024

Modern forms of learning encourage an active attitude of students towards learning and the knowledge they need to acquire. These forms prepare students for the future and help them navigate the modern society and changes brought about by the 21st century. With the development and modernization of technology, changes also occur in education. Teaching, as the most organized form of education, must keep pace with the time. In modern teaching, there is a greater emphasis on the student and their activity. The teacher must first engage the student in productive work and then develop their motivation for learning. The theoretical part of this paper explores and explains traditional and modern forms of learning. The research part aims to identify students’ subjective attitudes towards the application of new forms of learning.

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POV Shots in Light of Cognitive Grammar

Author(s): Mircea Valeriu Deaca / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper applies Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar notions to cinematic editing constructions. Notions like head, complement, autonomous and dependent structures and the concept of elaboration site (e-site) are applied to editing constructions. The e-site represents a schematic region in the situation evoked by a simulation, and plays the role of a simulator and a goal concept. Simulations can contain schematic components that only partially represent entities and event frames, not just detailed representations of them. Starting from grammatical constructions, we will detail the couplings between control models in sequences of POV shots. The visual expression is a composite structure that “inherits’ its profile from a component structure. Different construals and constructional schemas are instantiated by the juxtapositions of shots.The e-site plays the role a goal-concept. Goal-derived categories constitute the mappings between roles in event sequences, and instantiations in the environment. As structures of these mappings emerge, the conceptual system becomes organized around the action–environment interface (Barsalou 2003: 522). Since conceptual representations are dynamically contextualized to support diverse courses of goal pursuit, situated conceptualizations support conceptual inferences via pattern completion. When one part of a situated conceptualization is perceived, the remainder of the conceptualization becomes active, constituting inferences about the current situation. In short, the e-site can be defined as a summary conceptualization that inhabits a schematic region of a simulation, and prompts the film viewer to construct concepts that will categorize other components down the chain of a sequence of shots.In this paper, I describe different semantic construals evoked by a POV sequence of shots. The claim is that sequences of shots are conceptual systems bound by circular loops at several levels. Several configurations of the system coexist and the viewer has the executive control necessary for implementing alternative meaning construals.

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Mentalno-językowy kształt piękna w języku polskim i słowackim (w uformowaniu jednostek wielowyrazowych ze znaczeniem piękna)

Author(s): Wlodzimierz Wysoczaúski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2024

The article deals with the determinants of the sensory and mental reproduction and the linguistic shaping of beauty, objectified in the diversified multiword units of Polish and Slovakian. Three basic determinants can be distinguished in forming and presenting beauty which come down to: beauty presented directly and indirectly, its lack and ugliness, permanence and impermanence of beauty, losing and gaining beauty, properties of beauty and beauty manifestations, the effects of beauty, attitudes to beauty and the correlation of beauty and other ideas. The comparative research reveals the mechanisms lying at the foundation of the image of beauty, it provides a comprehensive presentation of the phenomenon of beauty fixed in word compounds of the compared languages, and thus the presentation of the regularity of universal and specific linguistic nature.

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≪ Anatomie comparée des mots ≫ Intervention épistémique naturalistę dans l’introduction du „Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française” (1870) d’Auguste Brachet

Author(s): Karol Krzyżosiak / Language(s): French Issue: 12/2024

This article investigates the naturalist epistemic intervention in Auguste Brachet’s introduction to his Etymological Dictionary of the French Language, focusing on its impact on the conceptualization of key topics in the history and evolution of languages. The primary research question addresses how Brachet’s naturalist approach influences linguistic understanding. Utilizing a cognitive semantics framework, the study reveals that Brachet’s intervention transcends mere rhetorical flourishes, functioning as a cognitive device that facilitates the transfer of abstract ideas. The research employs a qualitative analysis method, drawing parallels between the comparative anatomy of living organisms and the explanatory regimes of the natural sciences. The findings demonstrate that these analogies provide mental images that enhance comprehension of complex linguistic mechanisms.

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Personifikující lidové názvy květin a ptáků v češtině

Author(s): David Lavička / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

The article focuses on personification in Czech vernacular names of flowers and birds. It explores different forms of personification used in vernacular names and compares the metaphors in each of the two domains in order to show how flowers and birds are perceived with regard to anthropocentrism.

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Ostati Homo ludens

Author(s): Azra Hodžić-Čavkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2024

Review of: Dalila Potogija, Kreativna nastava bosanskog jezika i književnosti: kurikulumski pristup u 6. razredu osnovne škole, Sarajevo Publishing, Sarajevo, 2024, 166 str.)

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Intentions, Commitments, and the Derivation of Implicatures

Author(s): Matej Drobňák / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

In this paper, I focus on a common equivocality in how the content of conversational, especially scalar, implicatures is specified and I argue that there is a substantial difference between the belief specification BELS(¬ψ) (“The speaker believes that ¬ψ”) and the content specification ¬ψ. The main argument for taking the distinction between the specifications seriously is that, in most cases, both BELS(¬ψ) and ¬ψ can be derived as the implicatures of the same sentence but they have different consequences for how the hearer plans her future actions and manages expectations about the future actions of the speaker. As I argue further, the commitment-based approaches can provide an explanation of how the content specification is derived in contexts in which the speaker does not have beliefs required for the derivation of the belief specification and because of that they have an advantage over the standard Gricean approach.

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Replacement of Infinitives By Da-Constructions In The History of Bulgarian: Diachronic and Formal Analysis

Author(s): Tomislav Sočanac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The paper studies the diachronic patterns of competition between infinitives and da-constructions (also known as ‘Balkan subjunctives’) in Bulgarian. The use of these grammatical categories is studied across different historical periods (from Old Bulgarian to Modern Bulgarian) and in different syntactic contexts. It is argued that certain aspects of infinitive loss and its replacement by da-constructions were due to a broader typological drift from non-finite to finite structures, while others were a result of local language-contact pressures within the Balkan-sprachbund area. The paper also provides a formal analysis of the diachronic syntax of the mood marker da, which accounts for its spread to control contexts typical of infinitive use and the eventual complete replacement of infinitives by da-complements in Bulgarian.

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INTIMACY AND INTERIOR SPACE IN MODERN PROSE

Author(s): Alexandra Ruscanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

The paper explores the concept of intimacy and inner space in modern prose, analyzing how literature becomes a medium for reflecting the inner world of characters. It focuses on three major directions: literary confession (diaries and autobiographies), the psychological novel (exploration of consciousness and introspection), and the relationship between intimacy and private space (the room, the house, the city as reflections of inner states). A central part of the analysis is dedicated to the female writers of the “Sburătorul” literary group, such as Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu, Cella Serghi, and Henriette Yvonne Stahl, whose works capture intimate dimensions of feminine existence. By comparing these authors with major international modern writers such as Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, and F.M. Dostoevsky, the study highlights similarities and differences in the representation of inner space and literary confession. The research demonstrates that modern literature does not merely describe intimacy but also creates it, transforming it into an essential element of the narrative and psychological construction of characters.

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Dziecięce rozumienie wybranych nazw wartości

Author(s): Anna Wileczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the understanding of selected names of social values by five-year-old children, such as friendship, responsibility, honesty, respect and tolerance. The research material was obtained through conversations (free, directed) with children who had turned five years old. Also tools of cognitive semantics (cognitive definition) were implemented. The results indicate that five-year-old participants in preschool education mostly recognize the given values, and their conceptualization and reconstruction of meanings are based on analogies that reflect concretized social interactions. Axiological phenomena are usually not internalized and are perceived in terms of concretized object, persons, or interaction qualities, which is typical of the transitional period between the preconventional and conventional stages. Children explain the world from a subjective point of view, focused on their own needs and benefits, although quite often, they refer to duties and the need to follow rules.

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