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За сборника: Мигриращи култури и социални практики, посветен на 10-годишнината от основаването на Академичния кръг по Сравнително литературознание. Съставител Румяна Л. Станчева, 2013.

Author(s): Rennie Yotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

About the collection of articles: Мигриращи култури и социални практики [Migrating Cultures and Social Practicies], dedicated to the 10-anniversary of the founding of the Academic Circle for Comparative Literature. Roumiana L. Stancheva (Ed.). Editorial staff: Nikolay Aretov, Ognyan Kovachev, R. L. Stancheva.. Библиотека Голямотовписване. София, Университетско издателство „Св. Кл. Охридски”, Издателскицентър „Боян Пенев”, 2013.

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ИНСТИТУТ СЕМЬИ В КОНЦЕПТОСФЕРЕ РУССКОГО И ПОЛЬСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ

Author(s): Elena Ivanovna Kolosova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2014

The article contains a comparative analysis of paroemias with the conceptual meaning “family” in Russian and Polish. Special attention is paid to the transformation of the concept “family” in the Slavic sphere of concepts (lexemes “marriage”, “wife”, “husband”, etc.). The conceptological approach to linguistic phenomena and culture contributes to the solution of the problem under investigation. As a result of the research, the universal and specifically national content of the “family” concept in the Russian and Polish languages is determined.

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ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ В ЭВФЕМИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ФУНКЦИИ В РУССКОМ И ПОЛЬСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Halina Kudlińska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper is devoted to the study of euphemization and as a pragmalinguistic category and also an indirect communication strategy with the ameliorating intent, i.e., as a means of ensuring the communication comfort and eliciting cooperation with the receiver. In the present study, a specific euphemistic device, “euphemization through negation”, in the Polish and Russian linguocultures is analyzed. Explicit and implicit models of euphemistic negation implemented in various structures and at different language levels (words, phrases, and sentences) are distinguished. Comparative analysis of this type of understatement is carried out. Its fundamental structural characteristics are indicated. The analysis reveals significant structural parallels between the Russian and Polish languages with respect to the type of euphemisms under consideration, although certain differences can also be observed. The use of negative structures in the euphemistic function is motivated by the intention to tone down the categorical character of statements.

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КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЙ АСПЕКТ СОВМЕСТНОЙ ТВОРЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ МЕДИАДИСКУРСА)

Author(s): Roza Ahmetovna Karimova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper analyzes the structure of the media discourse by the example of a release of the TV program (“Rules of Life”) on the Russian TV channel “Culture”. The communicative strategies of TV program participants, model of linguistic identity, and ways to express emotional attitudes to situations are discussed in detail. The analysis of the media space arrangement demonstrates that the structure of statements made by TV program participants labels them as bearing a certain type of speech culture.

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КОНЦЕПТ БОГАТСТВО В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ КАРТИНЕ ПОВЕСТИ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО «ДЯДЮШКИН СОН»

Author(s): Svetlana Gregoryevna Safonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper discusses verbal manifestation of the concept of wealth in F.M. Dostoevskii’s novella “Uncle’s Dream”. The content of the concept in the novella is studied in accordance with the field structure of the concept: core; close and far peripheries. It is proved that the peripheries reflect the peculiarities of F.M. Dostoevskii’s concept of wealth and the specifics of the artistic image of reality in the novella “Uncle’s Dream”. The implementation of the concept of wealth in the novella indicates F.M. Dostoevskii’s individual perception of the phenomenon expressed by it. The study of the concept allows to reconstruct the artistic image of the world in the novella and the idiostyle of the author.

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Językowy wymiar paternalizmu – na przykładzie interakcji lekarz – pacjent i urzędnik – klient

Author(s): Mariusz Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In the paper, the issue of paternalism in the institutional talks is presented. The main features of paternalism as a communication strategy are shown sketchy. The author analyses two talks: a medical consultations and an institutional talk in the office. On these examples some of the basic manifestations of paternalism are presented, among them the ignoring of the patient`s voice, doctor`s domination including his knowledge regarding the patient`s individual feelings, using of the informal phrase “ty” (“you”), using of diminutive forms. As the result, the voice of patient/client is outgrown or muted, and at the same time the voice of the institution is dominating, and even strengthened.

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Z historii leksemów: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się

Author(s): Zuzanna Krótki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2016

The present article undertakes a semasiological analysis of four Polish vulgarisms associated with sexual intercourse: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się. Taking is the point of departure their etymology, it investigates the changes in the meanings of these units. It was discovered that initially the analysed lexemes communicated a very wide range of content, far from their contemporary semantic structure. Successively, some of their senses were rearranged, causing these units to become attributed to animal copulation and later to human sexual intercourse. However, it was until the mid-20th century that the analysed verbs have come to play the role of vulgarisms.

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Słownictwo kulinarne w chorwackich przysłowiach, porzekadłach, frazeologizmach, przyśpiewkach, formach żargonalnych i ludowych

Author(s): Adrianna Słabińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2016

Dishes and food products – the way they are made, their complexity, taste and appearance – are all part of culture and tradition that are created by people feasting at the table. While discussing various everyday issues, they also talk about food – they praise it, complain about it and criticize it. Eating meals with friends and family both in everyday situations and on special occasions creates a special mood. It creates an occasion for confessions, advice, jokes, memories and reflections about life. Various sayings and proverbs, which enrich the culture of a given country or region are brought to life on these occasions. Croatia is not an exception in this regard. Many proverbs and sayings connected with local culinary traditions exist in Croatian. Some of them are known widely throughout the country, others only in certain territories. Numerous proverbs are known throughout Croatia, albeit with a slightly changed imagery. The proverbs presented in my article are found in a dictionary by Josip Kekez, a renowned Croatian paremiologist. It is worth noting that they comprise selected material, which does not cover information present in internet dictionaries. Further in the paper I describe regional proverbs and songs, which are an important element presenting the diversity of Croatian dialects. Each Croatian phrase is accompanied by my Polish translation, which clarifies its meaning. Additionally, I quote other language variants like jargonisms and foreign lexis in culinary vocabulary with a view to present the extraordinary abundance and diversity of Croatian culinary lexis.

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ALCOHOL IN MYTHIC SPACE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY LINGUO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS

Author(s): Oleksandr Kolesnyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article addresses verbal means of denoting ALCOHOL in the context of the “mythic space”. Mythic space is regarded as the focal segment of a language worldview, the container of irrational axiomatic data quanta that function as basic categorization operators at different stages of civilization’s development. Primal “nano-myths” are reconstructed via etymological analysis of alcohol-containing beverages’ names in different European languages. The article discusses semantics and linguo-cognitive premises of the language signs denoting alcohol beverages in archaic Germanic worldview and in the presentday English-based pop-cultural worldview. The paper suggests a synthetic interdisciplinary interpretation of linguo-cultural implications of the said semantic and cognitive models.

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Studenții alogeni și competența de citire-înțelegere: provocări, blocaje, strategii și soluții

Author(s): Lucia Ispas / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

For more than half a century, linguists and educators from all over the world, such as L. Ehri, K. Goodman, W. Rivers, J. Zwiers, F. Serafini (to name but a few) have been intensely concerned with the research of the reading-comprehension process, in general, and with the challenges and possible solutions in the case of acquiring a second (sometimes third) language after the mother tongue (and, in this case, after English). These studies have shown that reading turns out to be a complex and interactive process, in relation to which students can experience great difficulties, which target language, memory, sensory perception and motivational aspects (K. Maria, P. Pearson and L. Fielding, G.E. Woolley).My paper, organized in three parts (one that sets the general framework of the analysis, another in which the research methodology is outlined and a third, in which the collected data are processed) aims to present the analysis of the data resulting from an experiment carried out during three years in the framework of the Preparatory Year at "Petroleum-Gas" University in Ploiesti during 2020-2023, having as its subject the difficulties of receiving a written message for the B1 level by allogeneic students (72 in number), coming from all corners of the world. I was particularly interested in identifying those elements that lead to difficulties and blockages and finding some strategies by which they can be eliminated or at least ameliorated, but also the extent to which we can correlate reading-comprehension skills with that concerning written and oral communication in Romanian.

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Slovene Literature in Foreign Translations (2000-2020): Trends, Dynamic and Significance

Author(s): Natalia Kaloh Vid,Suzana Mihurko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Literary translation is a communicative process based on the interaction and interweaving of cultures, which represents one of the most important factors for the promotion of a national literature in foreign cultural milieus. The main goal of this article is to analyse trends of translating Slovenian literature into foreign languages based on the data provided by the Slovenian Book Agency (JAK). We are interested in the following two questions: how many literary works have been translated into foreign languages from 2000 to 2020, and which languages are the commonest target languages? We analysed the data in the context of the Slovenia's political situation and geographical position and paid a special attention to the position of a translation in a polysystem.

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THE FIRST MANUAL OF ROMANIAN LANGUAGE FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS BY PROFESSOR V. MIRCESCO/ VASILE ALECSANDRI

Author(s): Luiza Catrinel Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The present study aims to reread in a contemporary key one of the first Romanian grammars Grammaire de la Langue Roumaine par V. Mircesco précedée d un aperçu historique sur la langue roumaine par A. Ubicini, Paris, Maisonneuve et Cie, Libraires éditeurs, 15 Quai Voltaire, 15, 1863 intended for the use of foreign students, made by two personalities of the nineteenth century: A. Ubicini and V. Alecsandri, who signed with the pseudonym V. Mircesco. The study is a specific analysis of how the grammar and its historical context are interpreted now compared to the past. A key part of the rereading might be how the original grammar viewed the Romanian language, and how that approach is different from modern understandings of the language. The pedagogical aims intended for foreign learners, suggests a focus on making the language accessible to those who were not native speakers. The study looks at how effective this approach was, and whether the pedagogical methods used in the grammar (e.g., explanations, examples, exercises) would still be relevant today or if there are more effective ways to teach Romanian to non-native speakers. Both V. Alecsandri (Mircesco) and A. Ubicini were influential figures in 19th-century Romania. Their perspectives on language might reflect the political, cultural, and intellectual currents of the time. The study examines their role in shaping the image of Romanian as a language that could be both modernized and standardized, perhaps in the context of a broader European linguistic movement. From comparative linguistic analysis, a modern interpretation includes examining the role of language standardization processes in the 19th century, which were aimed at shaping a national language, and how those processes might be seen differently today. The study likely provides a modern analysis of how the Grammaire de la Langue Roumaine both reflects and shaped the historical and linguistic context of the time, and contrasts it with contemporary views on the Romanian language.

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GROUP NAMES IN ETHNIC SLURS

Author(s): Ileana-Silvia Ciornei / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The slang of ethnic abuse is a rich source of information about the collective self and cultural differences of human communities. Often derogatory, it displays the past and present of social relations in a country and sometimes its terms go to everyday speech and gain a place in the wider linguistic use. Reflecting the prejudice in cultural history, the purpose of an ethnic epithet is to insult and to control the behavior of a minority or of any other group to gain social status and influence the values of society. Manifested in hate speech, neutral mentioning, humorous and unaware uses, ethnic slurs have become a main object of applied linguistics or interdisciplinary research.Ethnic slurs are based on race, nationality, gender, cultural and social differences and occur in language in a variety of forms such as derisive nicknames for groups, metaphors or ethnicons and ethnic jokes. English-speaking nations created names and nicknames for all the groups they had contact or economic and cultural conflict and even created ethnic slurs about themselves. British English slurs based on group names are aimed most frequently at European nations or African and Asian people of the former British Empire or even at their close neighbors inside the country. American English slurs reflect the multicultural structure of American society; almost every group invented and used slurs for others although they are mainly aimed at Blacks, Mexicans, Jews, the Irish, Chinese, Italians. Among these, group names are often used in a variety of forms to express cultural, social and economic conflict among ethnic groups.

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ROMANIAN GULAG AND THE PRISON LITERATURE OF FORMER INMATES INCARCERATED IN AIUD PRISON

Author(s): Adriana Maria Călugăr (Cutean) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

In the article A brief history of the romanian Gulag and the prison literature of former inmates incarcerated in Aiud Prison, I provided a definition of the Gulag from Ruxandra Cesereanu's perspective, inspired by The Gulag Archipelago by Alexandr Soljenițîn, highlighting the shift of this term from a bureaucratic terminology to a symbolic one. The memories of detention possess a high degree of authenticity, and all the writings depicting the hell experienced in communist prisons, along with all the books belonging to the Romanian Gulag, have created a shock among readers. Numerous books have been written on this subject - essays, journals, prison memoirs, recollections, volumes of poetry, prose, novels, and studies. I emphasized that after the 1989 Revolution, fiction and literature were increasingly replaced by numerous memoirs, journals, autobiographical volumes, and that prison literature began to attract public interest and achieve real success. The testimonies of those who lived through the carceral experience bring forward journals and memoirs that facilitate our imaginary journey to understand the experiences endured by prisoners in communist dungeons. This type of memorialistic writing addresses a closed universe, aims to avoid fictionalization, holds testamentary value, and serves a therapeutic function, as through writing and confession, former detainees seek healing. The testimonies about the carceral experience are written in different styles, with each inmate presenting their experience through the lens of their own subjectivity. This study examines how the carceral imaginary is reflected in the works of writers imprisoned in the Aiud dungeon, as a result of the experiences lived within a space dictated by ideological, political, social, or cultural constraints.

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KLARA AND THE SUN, AN UTOPIAN UNIVERSE

Author(s): Drug Elena / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

Klara and the sun is an allegorical story that depicts the truth of our contemporary world strongly influenced by the rise of technology and by its immersion in our daily life. Klara is an AF whose major duty is to become good friend for Josie, a little child who represents her generation of children who do not receive enough care from their families because they are too busy, AFs are tutors and protectors of children who live in a much technologized society where feelings are ignored until their human condition is doomed to loneliness. What the family cannot provide must be done by an AF who must be intelligent, able to anticipate the reactions and needs of the child he cares for and capable of love. Throughout the novel, the reader will discover that Klara is more than a sophisticated robot, she learns to understand the human feelings and she reproduces them, as if the feelings gain their own shapes or identifiable concrete structures.

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PROVOĐENJE PARTIJSKIH ZAKLJUČAKA U INSTITUCIJAMA POTPISNICAMA DEKLARACIJE O NAZIVU I POLOŽAJU HRVATSKOG KNJIŽEVNOG JEZIKA I PREDLOGA ZA RAZMIŠLJANJE – PREMA PISANJU POLITIKE I BORBE

Author(s): Šimun Novaković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

The Party wanted to unveil the circumstances how the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language was signed. It asked for the sanctioning of the responsible ones and public distancing from its content. In order to implement the Party conclusions, in the majority of the signatory institutions special meetings were held. The Association of the Writers of Croatia discussed the Declaration twice. First, on the 29th and 30th March the communists of the Association denounced its content.Then on the 4th of April the ground organization of the League of Communists proclaimed the disciplinary measures. Discussions were led at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, first in the ground organization of the League of Communists and then at the Faculty Council. In Matica hrvatska (Matrix Croatica) there were no larger discussions, except for one meeting that was closed for the public and that issued a statement that the Directors’ Board and the Supervisory Board would sign in a collective resignation. The Zadar press gave a short report that the ground organization of the League of Communists of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences had punished two signatories. Except for the professing of the way how the Declaration should be implemented there were no other larger discussions in the signatory institutions of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, in the Old Slavic Institute and Literary Translators’ Association. Their members, who were the Party members, underwent disciplinary measures in other institutions, mainly in the Croatian Writers’ Association and at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Ther Party bodies had a negative reaction also to the appearance of The Suggestion for Thinking by a group of Serbian writers, members of the Serbia Writers’ Association. After negative Party reactions a communists meeting was held as well as a special, non-regular assembley of the Association. The initiators were punished. The paper brings the content of the conclusions and the most interesting parts of the talks from these meetings. A special emphasis is put onto the talks of the main protagonists of the Declaration and the Suggestion.

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KNJIGA IRINE BUDIMIR O FRAZEMIMA U HERCEGOVAČKOJ PERIODICI NA PRIJELAZU IZ 19. U 20. ST. – VAŽAN PRINOS ISTRAŽIVANJU POVIJESNE FRAZEOLOGIJE

Author(s): Katica Krešić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2021

Review of: Irina Budimir, Frazemi hercegovačke hrvatske periodike na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. st. i njihova leksikografska obradba, Fram Ziral, Mostar, 2020. UDK: 811.163.42’373:016/655(497.6)“18/19“(049.3).

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Uneducated and less trustworthy. Social distance in subconscious language attitudes towards Lithuanian-Russian accent speakers

Author(s): Prieglius Žuklys-Rogoża / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2024

Sociological surveys have shown that social distance towards Lithuanian-Russians (the so-called “ethnic Russian minority” in Lithuania) is rather marginal or non-existent. This paper presents a pilot study at Vilnius schools (n=151), which used the verbal guise technique to investigate subconscious language attitudes towards Lithuanian (i) with Vilnius speech traits, (ii) with a Lithuanian-Russian accent, and (iii) with a Scandinavian accent – an accent presumed unfamiliar to the study participants. Half of the participants were also informed of the speaker’s profession to assess if it can reverse their attitudes. The main findings of the study show that speakers with a Lithuanian-Russian accent are perceived as less interesting, less educated, less trustworthy, and older. These results put into question the notion of absent social distance towards Lithuanian-Russians, highlighting the need for further research on this topic.

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Синтаксис и семантика глагольного реципрока на -ш в терском диалекте кумыкского языка

Author(s): Anastasija I. Gruzdeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (54)/2024

This paper addresses syntax and semantics of the reciprocal marker -š in the Terek dialect of Kumyk, a Turkic language of the Kipchak group. The study is based on data collected by the author during the expedition to the village Predgornoje in the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania in August 2022, 2023. In the grammar [Gadžiahmedov et al. 2014] describing Standard Kumyk, which is based on Dagestan dialects, the suffix -š is regarded as a marker of the so called ‘‘mutual-collective voice’’. In this paper, I look into possible meanings of the suffix -š using several base verbs, and I propose a different classification in line with modern typological terminology conventions. In the idiom in question, unlike in many other Turkic languages, this affix is currently unproductive. During elicitation, only few lexicalized derivates turned out to be possible, some of them have lost their base verbs and are not used without the suffix. Most -šderivates (but not all of them) have reciprocal semantics, sociative interpretations are possible in a very limited number of derivates in Terek Kumyk. I also came across depatientive and assistive interpretations, as well as derivates whose semantics does not seem to be compositional at all. Syntactically, -š-derivates combine with a plural subject, which can be realized either via plural NP, combination of a nominative argument with a comitative argument, or NP coordination with help of da ‘and’. This study addresses the syntactic position of the comitative argument in such clauses. As my tests show, two configurations are possible: the comitative NP can be contained in either the nominative NP or the VP. However, the “comitative NP + nominative NP” word order only allows for the comitative argument to be included in the VP.

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Anglicismele din terminologia cosmeticii în limba română actuală (II)

Author(s): Lorena KAIZER-PORUMB / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

The issue of anglicisms in Romanian is the subject of numerous researches, to which is added the present work. In this study, we focused on analyzing the cosmetic terms of English origin that make up the therminology of cosmetics. The linguistic material from which our corpus is conceived was extracted from three of the most famous and consulted publications dedicated to the female public, namely the magazines ELLE, Unica and VIVA!. Their careful research highlighted many linguistic facts: the attitude of openness and acceptance of speakers in relation to lexical units of foreign origin, loans of English origin that appear together with Romanian words in the same speech, the extension of the meaning of some terms beyond the boundaries of specialization and their penetration in the usual communication,the popularization and trivialization of these specialized lexical units. Despite the need to borrow lexical units of English origin, the adoption of a reserved attitude, in relation to this phenomenon, we consider it to be the right solution.

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