FIGURES OF SPEECH IN CURRENT PRESS LANGUAGE

Author(s): Emilia-Mihaela Costescu (Crînguș) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

The journalistic language has caught the attention of many researchers in the linguistics field, being the subject of many specialized studies, scientific papers and analysis that follow the evolution of the media act. Figures of speech are very important in journalistic language. A figure of speech is a creative use of language to generate an effect and is considered the living substance of the artistic language. The language used in the written press has the ability to invent or promote cult expressions or memorable expressions, which belong to some personalities from the past or some well-known contemporary people. In this article we define the figures of speech and we will present examples from the current press, in the period 2018-2023.

PERSONAL DEICTICS IN CURRENT ROMANIAN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Author(s): Mădălina Chirilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Personal deictics are primarily used in current Romanian advertising discourse to refer to the receiver of the advertising message, with the aim of creating a stronger and more personal connection with the target audience, making them feel directly involved in the advertising message. The direct and individual address induces a sense of closeness and personal engagement by establishing a more intimate and authentic relationship between the brand and the consumer. This can positively influence the audience's perception of the promoted product or service and encourage a favorable response. It's important to note that the use of personal deictics may vary depending on the brand's communication strategy and target audience. Some advertising campaigns may deliberately employ personal deictics to directly and individually address consumers, while others may adopt a more general and impersonal style.

NJË VËSHTRIM KRAHASUES MBI TIPOLOGJINË GJUHËSORE TË DOKUMENTIT ZYRTAR NË SHQIPËRI NË DY PERIUDHA HISTORIKE (1945-1990 vs 1990 dhe në vazhdim)

Author(s): Anyla Saraçi,Fjoralba Vukatana / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1-2/2022

Archives is the main place where the written historic sources are stored. The Archives in Albania dates back for 70 years. After the World War Second the need for setting up and the function of the state structures brought the need for collecting and storing the documents of different periods of time, but at the same time preparing new documents just like political, juridical and economic ones. Writing official documents following a certain structure it is not only about the form but for different periods of time those reflect specific contents, which are materialized through a certain form. The archive service has a certain way of dealing with documents and a professional behavior towards the documents, not depending who created these documents, the influence had the politics into them, its connection the politic has on them and suffer the consequence on them. Knowing the way these documents have been through since its creation and the consolidation in different periods of history, has been an obligation that made all the institutes who had funds of documents to become unified. The kinds of documents we are dealing with include 2 different historic periods characterized by different social-economic and political systems. As result, the typology of the documents is different, their structure is represented some differences but above all differs the content. The material included is diversified, because it answers various themes of the past time of the information stored in the Archives of Albania. From a comparing point of view of linguistic and structural form of these official documents of these periods, we can understand how a certain state organism operate, how it is communicated through different state institutions and what is the value of each official document testimony of different historical periods.

The function of scare quotes in hard news: metadiscoursal and generic perspectives

Author(s): Zuzana Nádraská / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper is concerned with the issue of scare quoting in British hard news reports. It examines two types of scare quotes distinguished by voice origin – scare quotes originating with the internal voice and scare quotes attributed to an external voice (Dillon 1988, Schneider 2002, Predelli 2003, Bednarek 2006, Meibauer 2015, Nacey 2012). Scare quotes originating with the internal voice are comparable to code glosses (Hyland 2005, 2007) and they reflect the writer’s assumptions about the reader’s expectations regarding various aspects of the enclosed words, including meaning, register and style. Such scare quotes tend to co-occur with explicit verbal metadiscourse, partial quotes and contextualising authorial discourse with which they create functionally homogenous sections. Scare quotes attributed to an external voice overlap with partial direct quotes but the former are overlayed with an authorial attitude towards the enclosed words or the reported speaker; attitude is induced by the interaction between scare quotes and context, especially generic/discourse patterns such as contrast and repetition. The authorial comment signalled by code glossing and attitudinal quotation marks is implicit and thus in line with hard news generic conventions. The functions of scare quotes bear relevance to the novelty and negativity of reported events and are also reflected in the distribution across the generic structure (Urbanová 2013).

Engagement in initiation, response and feedback in l2 classroom interactions

Author(s): Masoomeh Estaji,Meisam Mirzaei Shojakhanlou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Engagement in the L2 classroom is consequential for enhancing the quality of L2 learning experiences; however, the exploration of engagement in the Initiation, Response, and Feedback (IRF) cycles has received scant attention in L2 pedagogy. This study reports on research, examining engagement in Initiation, Response, and Feedback moves in the IRF cycles. Video recordings and questionnaires were used to collect data from ten EFL classes, being directed by eight teachers, with 73 learners. Using a post-interaction questionnaire and conversation analysis of classroom interactions, the analysis of the data revealed 784 triadic cycles out of which 493 moves embodied engagement. The data showed that not only do the Response and Feedback stages afford L2 learners the opportunity to deliberate on Form-focused language-related episodes (F-LREs), Lexis-focused LREs (L-LREs), and Mechanical LREs (M-LREs), but they also promote social and affective engagement. The comments on the questionnaire also revealed a deeper understanding of the participants’ affective engagement. The findings revealed that certain features of the IRF cycles and peers’ contributions encourage engagement during the IRF cycles. The results also demonstrated that scaffolding, mutuality, reciprocity, back-channeling, and commenting on preceding contributions made L2 learners socially engaged. The analysis suggests that the IRF cycles can create ad-hoc chances for engagement in L2 classroom interactions.

“Where got i that truth?” an analysis of external sources in English and Persian news reports on Syria

Author(s): Abbas A. Rezaee,Mohammad Mozaffari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

While there has been a plethora of inquiries into reported speech, a cross-linguistic analysis of the source segments in political news reports is still a rarity. This study aims at a three-fold investigation: first, tracking the frequency, transparency, and types of the sources; second, identifying the strategies employed to introduce these sources in text, and third, interrogating the contextual elements. To this end, a bottom-up analysis of 120 news reports from four quality newspapers (Kayhan and Jomhouri-e Eslami from Iran and The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal from the U.S.), mainly informed by van Leeuwen’s (1996) model of social actors, was carried out. The findings suggest a heavy reliance of both sets of newspapers on external sources to fulfill their vested interests, although they varied significantly with respect to frequency, transparency, and type.

Review

Author(s): Helena Worthington / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Locher, M. A. and Jucker, A. H. (2021) The Pragmatics of Fiction: Literature, Stage and Screen Discourse. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 275 pp.

ALL ABOARD FOR NAVY ENGLISH! THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND PRACTICAL BENCHMARKS IN DEVISING A NAVAL TERMINOLOGY COURSE

Author(s): Laura Diana Cizer / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

In accordance with the idea that terminology acts as a bridge between the profession and the practice of languages, this paper gives the outline of a specialized course on naval (maritime) terminology in English. Firstly, it will define the concept of terminology and its importance in language teaching/learning; secondly, several guidelines in devising such a course will be set out. These will cover the most important elements ranging from the course name to budget expenses, referring to the target group, course justification, unit topics, training syllabus, course agenda, objectives, venue, etc. Thirdly, the paper will give a description of the course background, will put forward a model course and will point out its methodological principles. The paper will provide final conclusions related to the course delivery that argue for its importance as one of the tools that ensures understanding and using appropriately the range of naval vocabulary from an early stage.

DISCURSIVE DEICTIC ELEMENTS IN RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE

Author(s): Alice-Iuliana Roșu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This corpus-based approach aims at identifying and analyzing the typology, structure and role of discursive person deictic (indexical) elements in conveying an oral message in different communicative religious contexts. The latter ones are characterized by specific data of enunciation and they correspond to some distinct discursive genres of the orthodox religious discourse from the functional point of view: religious lectures and lessons, occasional sermons, homilies, exhortations, paraeneses, etc. Having in view that deixis is one of the most important aspects of discourse pragmatic structure, the present study emphasizes that the enunciation elements find their reference by relating themselves to the real data of the situation of communication.

Tożsamość zawieszona, czyli językowe formy poszukiwania i wyrażania tożsamości narodowej na przykładzie języka włoskiego

Author(s): Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik’s article is a reflection on Italian identity in the context of united Italy and the standardization of the Italian language. The purpose of the analysis of the linguistic exponents of expressing the subject of an utterance as a part of the research on subjectivity and the linguistic image of the world is to reveal the very essence of contemporary Italian national identity. The research corpus consists of both Internet portals, where users spontaneously express themselves and shift between their Italian and local selves (i.e., between I Italian and I Piedmontese), and online press texts addressed to all Italians and aiming to verify the Italian identity. The analysis shows that Italian identity remains suspended in favor of local identities immersed in the distinct regional histories and cultures and in the various languages.

DEICTIC MARKS IN EDITORIALS IN ROMANIAN PRESS

Author(s): Eliza Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

Starting with Benveniste's theory of subjectivity, in this article we aimed to identify the deictic marks of person, space and time, in our corpus consisting of editorial texts that have the war in Ukraine as a pretext or central subject, in order to demonstrate that journalistic discourse is characterized by subjectivity.

Łacińska humiliatio a staropolska pokora. Wpływ polszczyzny na łacinę w średniowieczu

Author(s): Anna Ledzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 75/2019

The paper discusses cross-linguistic interference observed while studying Latin humiliatio, humilitas (and additionally homagium, venia) and Old Polish pokora, referring to the statutory and customary legal practice of ‘public humiliation of the culprit, most often the murderer, and their request for forgiveness’. The research focuses on the linguistic and socio-cultural changes that made the juridical meaning of humiliatio, humilitas emerge. The paper offers a diachronic analysis of the development of a set of words that share the root humil*, followed by a synchronic study of the vocabulary attested in Old Polish, Old Czech, and in Medieval Latin used in other countries. The article discusses linguistic and socio-cultural factors that might have contributed to the development of the juridical sense of humiliatio, humilitas in Medieval Latin in Poland, and concludes with a hypothesis that the described sense emerged as a calque of one of the senses of the Polish word pokora.

Marta Chojnowska, Małgorzata K. Frąckiewicz: Prawosławni łomżyńscy. Opracowanie ze słownikiem nazwisk w cyklu Mniejszości narodowe i etniczne w XIX i początkach wieku XX w Łomżyńskiem

Author(s): Henryk Duszyński-Karabasz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Review of: Marta Chojnowska, Małgorzata K. Frąckiewicz: Prawosławni łomżyńscy. Opracowanie ze słownikiem nazwisk w cyklu Mniejszości narodowe i etniczne w XIX i początkach wieku XX w Łomżyńskiem. Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne Oddział w Łomży. Łomża 2020, ss. 182.

Der Bergarbeiterstreik in Pécs 1893: Die Herstellung sozialer Ordnungen in der Berichterstattung ungarisch- und deutschsprachiger Lokalzeitungen

Author(s): Mate Eichenseher / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

This article takes a look at cultural practices of Hungarian- and German-language newspapers in the multi-ethnic city of Pécs (Fünfkirchen) in dealing with the strike action of the immigrant miners in 1893. The historical-ethnographic analysis shows that, in a variety of ways, the papers used physical and ideational distances, spaces, routes, and the representation of people’s actions in them, to construct an imagined topology of their society; a social space in which the miners were located as a marginalized group. This social space was constituted by those above and those below: locals, immigrants who had been living in Pécs for some time, and recent arrivals who were to become members of an imagined Hungarian nation. The languages used in this process served as the media of the negotiation processes practiced for this purpose. Spatial attributions function as cultural means for the production of social orders, and languages served not only as a means of communication, but also of demarcation, distancing and spatial positioning.

Zwei Heller für die Dreisprachigkeit: Deutsch, Italienisch und Kroatisch in der Pulaer Zeitung Omnibus (1904 – 1912)

Author(s): Luca Melchior,Isabella Matticchio / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

In multilingual Istria, where the coexistence of different idioms is historically constitutive, but has been anything but peaceful on several occasions in its history, the newspaper Omnibus (Pula [Pola], 1904-1912) represents a unicum. Founded as a trilingual Croatian-Italian-German newspaper, it used multilingualism strategically to represent the interests of the Croatian-speaking population and to draw attention to the prevailing imbalance between different language groups. In doing so, however, it has at least partially reflected the region’s linguistic richness and complex sociolinguistic situation. In this article the manifestations of multilingualism in Omnibus, and their changes over the period of the newspaper’s publication, are examined linguistically and presented critically in the context of other periodicals in Pula at that time.

Polykulturalität als Positionierungsstrategie siebenbürgisch-sächsischer Literaturperiodika (1907 – 1939)

Author(s): Sofie Dobbener,Heimo Stiemer / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

The most important Transylvanian-Saxon literary journals of the first half of the 20th century, Die Karpathen (1907-1914) and Klingsor (1924-1939), were published in Kronstadt (rom. Brașov, hun. Brassó). Both declared their commitment to the task of cultural mediation between Hungarian, Romanian, and German ethnic groups which, at the time, made up the complex demographic structure of the city. Despite the same social and political environment, the journals operated in different spaces. While Kronstadt was part of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy before the First World War, afterwards it was part of Greater Romania, where there was an increased Nazi radicalization of German-speaking minorities in the 1930s. From a field-theoretical perspective, this paper considers how the journals positioned themselves in the context of polycultural conditions. The results are subsequently compared with a quantitative-statistical analysis of the publication history. In this way, the function of polyculturalism in their literary positioning strategies is reconstructed both on a rhetorical and a publication-practical level.

Representations of the Danube in Queen Marie’s Writings

Author(s): Cristina Ungureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Social geography is attached to territory and emerges from social relations and links that people weave with places. A geographical reading of literary works allows us to discover and outline representational strategies for a regional space. It is in this sense that this paper proposes to focus on the representations of the Danube River that Queen Marie of Romania revealed in her writings. Marie, like many other cartographers and scholars, was attracted by the Danube region, and, in her books, the Danube had a specific place. She evoked all her wanderings from plain to mountain, from hill to sea, leading us down to the banks of the Danube (with all its canals and lakes) and to the sea. We followed the itineraries of everyday life, both social and spatial, that the queen traced according to her position in society, her cultural model and imagination. It was a means, among others, of deepening the phenomena of identity (Bratosin 2007: 79) and her works are very rich in this sense, since they give us examples of values associated with these places. At this point, important aspects related to identity will be explored. Phoenix (2010: 298) suggests that “identities are socially constructed, multiple, potentially contradictory and situationally variable”. Identities are, in this sense, processes of becoming rather than of being (Hall 2006). Specific lexical and functional items are used for this purpose, both consciously and unconsciously (Lotte Dam 2015: 31). This paper tries to illustrate how personal pronouns, possessive determiners and pronouns and different adjectives, verbs or structures contribute to the construction of attached identities, all in connection with the way the Queen described the Danube River.

Report on the International Conference on Minority and Endangered Languages in the Multilingual Context of the Balkans (MELMUB)

Author(s): Giustina Selvelli / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

PRIKAZ KNJIGE „BOSANSKI JEZIK I KOMUNIKACIJA U NASTAVNOJ PRAKSI“ AUTORA ISMAILA PALIĆA I MIRELE OMEROVIĆ

Author(s): Amina Pehlić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2023

Review of: „Bosanski Jezik I Komunikacija u Nastavnoj Praksi“ by Ismail Palić i Mirela Omerović, Sarajevo Publishing, 2023, 382 str.

Упoтрeбa и прeфeрeнциja грaмaтичкe и сeмaнтичкe кoнгруeнциje кoд пaукaлних синтaгми

Author(s): Milica Mrkonjić,Nevenka Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 54/2023

In this research paper, we studied the preference for grammatical and semantic congruence in paucal phrases among Bijeljina respondents. Excluded were non-locals and nonSerbian speakers. Factors considered were: gender, age, education, and living environment. A questionnaire with two parts was used: completion of 12 sentences and rating 24 positively oriented statements (12 for each congruence). 60 online respondents participated. Results show a favorable view of grammatical congruence and less so for semantic congruence.