Exploring Language Anxiety Among Turkish Heritage Language Learners in Germany

Author(s): Selçuk Emre Ergüt,Bayram Baş / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

Heritage language speakers may feel anxiety about using their heritage language in different settings due to monolingual ideologies, family attitudes, language proficiency, and many other factors. However, the experience of those enrolling in heritage language classes has yet to be known in detail. This study examined heritage language anxiety (HLA) toward speaking skills among Turkish heritage language learners (HLLs). A descriptive design was used to seek the HLA level and its relations with various variables such as the home language, communicative language with friends, selfperceived proficiency, age, gender, grade level, birthplaces of children and parents, age of acquisition (AoA), book-reading and movie-watching languages. Three hundred and three school-age bilingual Turkish children in Germany participated in the study. The results demonstrated that the HLA level of the target group was low. In addition, inclass HLA was significantly higher than out-of-class. Moreover, HLA levels significantly differed in terms of the father's birthplace, the communicative language with friends, self-perceived proficiency, and the movie-watching language. Despite evident differences regarding the book-reading language and birthplace of the mother, these were not statistically significant. Also, no relationship was observed between HLA and some variables: Age, grade level, and AoA. This initial study attempted to comprehend the complex patterns behind the language anxiety concept in the context of Turkish immigrants in Germany and heritage language education (HLE). In conclusion, interaction via heritage language (HL) and access to HLE may contribute to reducing HLA. However, paradoxically, while HLE may alleviate general HLA, it may cause more in-class anxiety due to sociocultural and pedagogical factors.

RELEVANCE THEORY APPLIED TO ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Author(s): Oana-Maria Bîrlea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2019

As a result of technological innovations and globalization advertisements have come to surpass their primary economic function becoming regulators and establishing social norms and trends, representing ideologies, creating utopian lifestyles, rather than simply trying to persuade the receiver into buying. Also, we can observe a shift from an explicit to an implicit meaning in discourse construction which leads to the apparent empowering of the receiver in the decoding process. Its persuasive nature which can be perceived as a particularity among other types of discourse has become of great interest among many researchers from different fields of study likes psychology, linguistics, sociology, media studies etc. (Brierley 1995, Messaris 1997, John & Nicholas O'Shaugnessy, 2003, Fletcher 2008, Armstrong 2010, Beasley & Danesi, 2010). Starting with Wilson & Sperberřs Relevance theory (1986, 1995, 1998, 2002) we intend to interpret and analyze print advertisements based on the principles of ostensive-inferential communication. We have selected 4 Romanian and Japanese print advertisements/billboards, two created between the `50s-`60s and the other two after 2010 in order to have a contrastive perspective over discourse construction. This parallel allows us to observe recurrent elements and common strategies in two completely different cultural and social contexts and to identify the ways in which language is used to persuade, seduce and manipulate the receiver. Our aim is to reveal the steps followed by the receiver in decoding a message with two or more possible interpretations as in the case of advertisements.

ЛИНГВОСТРАНОВЕДЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ В ПРАКТИКЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА КАК ИНОСТРАННОГО

Author(s): Natela Khinchagashvili / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2023

The actuality of this research is conditioned with sociocultural processes, connected with globalization. The article is dedicated to the possibility of using linguo-oriented method in learning process of Russian as a foreign language, which contributes to develop knowleadge in Russian language field with cultural meaning dialogs. The opportunity of using sociocultural, linguistic, communicative and pragmatic tasks are discussed in this research. The importance of this research is to use its results in learning process in order to from students tolerant and respectful attitude towards linguistic members. The reaserch contributes to improve decipline in university practise, the necessity of planting linguistic, in the view of the fact. It will have positive effect on educational processes, student’s knowleadge, skills and aethetic views.

POLITICAL LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES TO TURKISH SOFT POWER IN KAZAKHSTAN

Author(s): Murad Asgarov / Language(s): English Issue: 58/2023

As Turkish TV series are experiencing restrictions in a number of countries, this study examines cases that happened in Kazakhstan. The article provides a background of history of Turkey’s Soft Power in independent Kazakhstan. Us vs Them narratives and their effect on Turkish Soft Power in Kazakhstan are analysed by comparing three articles using Critical Discourse Analysis. The three chosen articles from various websites chosen for the analysis represent different perspectives on Turkish Soft Power in Kazakhstan.

OSMAN ÇEVİKSOY’UN TUTUKLU YÜREK ADLI ÖYKÜ KİTABINDA KALIPLAŞMIŞ SÖZ VARLIĞI ÖĞELERİ

Author(s): Adnan Kok / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

Vocabulary is defined in the Great Turkish Dictionary of the Turkish Language Institution as “the whole of words in a language, vocabulary, vocabulary, vocabulary, vocabulary, staff, vocabulary”. It is possible to detect the richness of languages mostly verbally. In this context, it is extremely important to reveal those who are not sure about the stereotyped vocabulary (riddles, idioms, reduplications, proverbs and heart words) in a work. With this study, it is aimed to reveal the repertoire of the society to which the author is a member and that shapes the world of emotion and thought of the society in which he was born and raised. Although it is observed that it is within the limits of marriage vocabulary in general, it is a fact that there have been remarkable objects on this subject recently. The primary reason for these behaviors is the executive functions of the heart-shaped vocabulary. This work has resulted from the concern of processing this machine load, albeit to a significant extent. Here is the basic movement cells text organization. In this paper, Osman Çeviksoy's story book Tutuklu Yürek, which consists of six stories, naturally focuses on examining the use of heart-shaped vocabulary elements such as riddles, idioms, reduplications, proverbs, and the importance of thoughts.

Slavų-iranėnų kalbų kontaktai: sudurtiniai žodžiai su slav. *mysl- : iran. *mana-, *mazda- (baltų kalbų kontekste)

Author(s): Alexandr I. Iliadi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 87/2022

The investigation contains the results of a comparative-historical analysis of Iranian, Slavic and Baltic lexical and syntactic units with reflexes of Indo-European root *men- ‘thinkʼ, ‘thoughtʼ. The formation of compound-words and formulaic expressions (stable syntactic combinations, expressing ideological semantics) with the mentioned etymon shows structural-semantic parallelism in three linguistic cultures. This parallelism manifests itself in the complete genetical identity of the etymological composition (except for the formant) of the compared units and in the common organization standards of their cultural semantics, reflecting: 1) dualism at the core of religion and moral relations inside ancient societies (for Iranian and Slavic); 2) religiously unmarked cultural concepts (for Slavic and Baltic). Conclusions as regards the сauses of structural and etymological affinity or semantical and typlogical similarity of compared datas is made.

KONSTRUKCIJOS TAI YRA /TO JEST SEMANTIKA RELIGINIAME TEKSTE (REMIANTIS KONSTANTINO SIRV YDO PUNKTAIS SAKYMŲ(1629, 1644))

Author(s): Kristina Rutkovska / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 87/2022

The article addresses the constructions tai yra/to jest in the text of the sermons by Konstantinas Sirvydas. In the contemporary research of syntactic semantics, these units are termed ‘conclusive components’ and are attributed to the group denoting equivalence. Meanwhile, their semantic representation is expressed by the scheme TR1 tai yra R2 (TR1 that is R2). In the scheme, R1 and R2 are linked by the relation of open equivalence based on the correctness of the statement, whereas R2 may express a conclusion, generalization, clarification. The metatextual fragments used in a religious text, which are inserted by means of the phrase tai yra, have much in common with lexical parallelisms. However, they stand out by their greater vividness and richness of the content and play an important stylistic function. The metatextual inserts starting with the construction tai yra are rather widespread in Sirvydas’ Postil (circa 1,000 cases). It can therefore be assumed that it is a characteristic feature of Sirvydas’ baroque style. They recur in a single sentence or in a longer passage composed of several compound sentences. Their functions are varied: a) information restoration, auxiliary; b) explanatory; c) rhetorical. The text by Sirvydas is dominated by the allegorical interpretation of concepts and phenomena. To achieve vividness, the author skillfully combines a word and an image, whereas metatextual inserts add transparency and become a powerful stylistic device in the process of educating the believers and shaping their moral values.

Precedent Proper Names and Their Intercultural Transfer

Author(s): Roman Vasko,Alla Korolyova,Tetiana Tolcheieva / Language(s): English Issue: 87/2022

The article deals with the problem of intercultural transfer of global and precedent proper names as reduced intertexts, which are signs and symbols in an outgoing culture and transmit new senses in perceiving cultures. As a general research idea, we suggest distinguishing the concept of intercultural transfer as a way of transmitting information of a difference in time, nature, and intercultural communication. It involves the study of the specifics of linguistic phenomena in contacting cultures to ensure the effectiveness of communication. Special attention is paid to the study of correlation of the related but not identical concepts – precedent and intertextual. The first is associated with the linguistic form of the embodiment of the stereotype in the form of a proper name, which is a conductor or source of fixing information in a reduced form. The second one is characterized by the ability to accumulate information by reflecting on reality and extracting it from other texts in a broad sense. The primacy of the precedent of a proper name in proto-culture and the secondary nature of its intertextual character with infinite reproducibility of new senses have been established. The origin of precedent proper names and their role as linguocultural sources and intertextual information has been determined. Due to their figurativeness, the main types of proper names are transformed in modern mass culture, which contributes to the formalization of the proper names’ semiotics and actualization of their iconicity. The ultimate goal of the proper name’s form is the pragmatic impact on the recipient of the information in the initial linguoculture and in the process of intercultural transfer.

ORTSNAMEN ZWISCHEN RHEIN UND ELBE – ONOMASTIK IM EUROPÄISCHEN RAUM. EIN FORSCHUNGSPROJEKT DER GÖTTINGER AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN

Author(s): Jürgen Udolph / Language(s): German Issue: 87/2022

The place names of the German federal states of Lower Saxony and Westphalia (part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia) that were attested before 1600, including the names of deserted towns and villages, are critically examined on the basis of their historical evidence and linguistically examined according to their origin and interpretation etymologically, morphologically and typologically, with the volumes of the NOB (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch) to be an example. Once the work is completed, maps and summary papers will provide an evaluation of the question of origin, etymological connections and settlement history. The results will also be relevant for Scandinavia, England, Eastern Europe (including the Baltic States) and parts of Central Europe.

Partikelähnliche Konstruktionen in Reden tschechischer Parlamentarier und ihre deutschen Äquivalente

Author(s): Jan Ciosk / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2022

This corpus-based article aims to show examples of particle-like constructions that are used by representatives of the Czech Parliament. In the first part of the study the author focuses on the characteristics of language used by politicians and tries to define basic processes that this language is driven by. The process of conversationalisation stands here in the foreground and represents the key aspect of today's political language that can be observed not only in the media but also in institutions such as the Parliament. The author provides a qualitative analysis of corpus data in a three-year period and deals with the occurrence of particle-like constructions in the given speeches. Such constructions and their respective translations are then discussed with respect to their functional features.

Перцепцията на форми от типа „отговорносттъ“, „песентъ“

Author(s): Krasimira Alexova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2022

The article examines the degree of recognizability of the error in forms such as от- говорносттъ, песентъ, based on the results of a non-representative survey. In addition, the author studies the respondents’ attitudes towards the person in whose speech this phenomenon occurs. This person is assessed with regard to the features educated, wellmannered, intelligent, likable and high social status. The dependence of respondents’ attitudes on their socio-demographic characteristics is also commented on.

В търсене на високия езиков етикет: Лингвистични портрети на български политици (върху материал от политически изказвания на бившия премиер и съпредседател на „Продължаваме промяната“ Кирил Петков)

Author(s): Antoaneta Nacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2022

The article aims to examine the speech of the political speeches of the former prime minister and the co-chairman of “We continue the change” Kiril Petkov. The language material, on the basis of which the language portrait was built, is from public speeches of Kiril Petkov – official speeches, speeches to protestors, recordings from parliamentary control, transcripts from a meeting of the National Assembly. The article traces whether his vocabulary adheres to the official sphere of communication, its dynamics and whether it meets the requirements of the high speech etiquette. In addition, it focuses on the expressive coloring of the language, the frequency of verbal aggression and its manifestations. The study traces what propaganda techniques the speaker uses, when formal behavior is replaced by emotions, and how this affects the speech. The subject of linguistic analysis is the tendency to idle words, the frequency in the use of repetitions, metaphors, metonymies, hyperboles, phraseological combinations. The research follows how the political speech affects the other people’s representatives in the plenary hall, the representatives of the opposition and the citizens. Another question that is asked how the revealed type of speaking affects the listeners – be they political figures or not – whether they gain approval or, on the contrary, provoke the dissatisfaction of the audience.

OBSERVATIONS OF A SOCIOLOGICAL NATURE IN CHOOSING THE NAMES IN THE WORK OF VASILE ALECSANDRI

Author(s): Iuliana Adelina Iliescu / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2020

V. Alecsandri painted people from various times and levels of society. In this paper we will try to make some observations of a sociological nature in choosing the names in the work of Vasile Alecsandri. He reproduces the existing stratifications at the time and the relations between the social classes. Some of the names have the value of a symbol, representatives for social categories or names specialized in relation to a certain age or social stage.

ROMAN MILITARISM AS EXPRESSED IN ILLUSTRATIVE LATIN IDIOMS (II) (LETTERS E-I)

Author(s): Mădălina STRECHIE / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2020

Latin was an universal language in Antiquity, but also for a long time afterwards. It was the language of Mars, and it survives even today through certain Latin terms preserved in modern dictionaries. This study aims to add to the discussion - started in the first part - by selecting all military expressions from the Latin-Romanian reference dictionary; additionally, where applicable, our study proposes a "military" translation. Furthermore, we will also analyse parts of speech and determine their frequency in the selected expressions. For a better understanding of the idioms which are representative of roman militarism, we have sorted them alphabetically. We will continue by analysing all military Latin idioms in Romanian Latin dictionaries.

Towards a typology of humorous wartime tweets:

Author(s): Olesia YEHOROVA,Antonia Prokopenko,Anna Zinchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The idea of this research was born on 26 May 2022. The following day, we saw Elon Musk’s tweet from 26 May 2022: ‘Politics is a sadness generator’. We accepted the challenge to refute the statement and to prove that there is much space for humour in the political discourse. The study focuses on humorous tweets produced in the period of the first 100 days of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the criteria according to which they may be classified for further analysis. The literature overview proves that humour has been extensively approached by different researchers from a multidisciplinary perspective; in particular, numerous attempts were made to classify humour and its manifestations. In this research, we approached the Twitter activity of Ukrainian politicians as fragments of political discourse. In particular, we extracted humorous tweets and organised a sample that underwent further categorisation and interpretation with reference to existing typologies and theories of humour. The study discusses the roles the politicians assume while producing and spreading humour on Twitter, features the key subject fields and objects of ridicule in the wartime tweets, gives an insight into the communicative value of such tweets and suggests potential readership classes. Finally, the study seeks to prove the flexibility and adaptability of humour styles to the socio-political context and wartime communication that project public aggressiveness, self-relief and self-enhancement.

A multimodal analysis of humour as an engagement strategy in YouTube research dissemination videos

Author(s): Edgar Bernad-Mechó,Carolina Girón-García / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Science popularisation has received widespread interest in the last decade. With the rapid evolution from print to digital modes of information, science outreach has been seen to cross educational boundaries and become integrated into wider contexts such as YouTube. One of the main features of the success of research dissemination videos on YouTube is the ability to establish a meaningful connection with the audience. In this regard, humour may be used as a strategy for engagement. Most studies on humour, however, are conducted solely from a purely linguistic perspective, obviating the complex multimodal reality of communication in the digital era. Considering this background, we set out to explore how humour is used from a multimodal point of view as an engagement strategy in YouTube research dissemination. We selected three research dissemination videos from three distinct YouTube channels to fulfil this aim. After an initial viewing, 22 short humoristic fragments that were particularly engaging were selected. These fragments were further explored using Multimodal Analysis - Video (MAV)1, a multi- layered annotation tool that allows for fine-grained multimodal analyses. Humoristic strategies and contextual features were explored, as well as two main types of modes: embodied and filmic. Results show the presence of 9 linguistic strategies to introduce humour in YouTube science dissemination videos which are always accompanied by heterogeneous combinations of embodied and filmic modes that contribute to fully achieving humoristic purposes.

‘Are we laughing at the same?’

Author(s): Iveta Žákovská,Carmen Maíz-Arévalo,Ying Cao / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Humour is often employed as a coping mechanism, with therapeutic effects on those producing and receiving it (Christopher 2015; Samson & Gross 2012). This buffering effect of humour might explain why, at the time of an international pandemic like Covid-19, human beings, independently of their cultural origin, have resorted to humour as a means of alleviating uncertainty and fear, and of enhancing feelings of connection and bonding with others. The proliferation of Covid-related humour has also led to a wide range of studies, with special attention to memes. However, contrastive studies are more limited, especially those comparing very different languages and cultural realities such as the Chinese, the Czech and the Spanish ones. This paper aims to redress this imbalance by analysing a corpus of 300 Covid-memes (100 memes per language). More specifically, we intend to answer the following questions: (i) what dimension(s) of humour are predominant in each language? (ii) what actors do the memes in the three countries target? and (iii) to what extent can these preferences relate to cultural differences/similarities? Applying a mixed-method approach, results show that there seems to be a global preference for affiliative humour while aggressive (and self-deprecating) humour appears to be more culturally bound, with a higher frequency in the Czech and Spanish datasets in contrast to the Chinese one. Likewise, the Czech and Spanish dataset share a significantly higher number of common frames, which might be pointing to a more European, Western type of humour in comparison to the Chinese approach (Jiang et al. 2019).

Humour in the classroom:

Author(s): Hiwa Weisi,Vahid Mohammadi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the use of humour by EFLteachers in a private language institute in the context of Iran. In so doing, the study made anattempt to identify the forms of humour EFL teachers opt to use more frequently in relation tothe students’ teaching in the classroom through observing their classroom teachings. Moreover,an interview was held with the EFL teachers to seek their perceptions with regard to thefunctions humorous language can serve in the process of language teaching and learning andtheir suggestions as to the implementation of humour in the classroom. The findings of the studydemonstrate that Iranian EFL teachers show the inclination to use jokes, physical humour andriddles more frequently than other forms of humour. Moreover, the results of the interviewreveal that EFL teachers assign some more commonly functions to the humorous language inthe classroom such as creating a cheerful and friendly atmosphere, acting as a relaxing,comforting, and tension reducing device, increasing student interest and enjoyment, increasinglearners’ concentration and motivation, and finally improving the quality of learning. Finally,the suggestions for appropriate use of humour and implications of the study are discussed in theresult and conclusion sections, respectively.

Book review

Author(s): Jarno Hietalahti / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Book review

Author(s): Chiara Mazzocconi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023