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CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR AS A MEANS OF RENDERING UNIVERSAL OR CULTURAL SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE “DREAM”

Author(s): Viorica Lifari,Oana Șulic / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2022

In this article, we try to give a definition of the conceptual metaphor as a means of rendering the universal or cultural specific aspects of a people, definition which comes in opposition to the one embraced by classical linguistics. We also present some aspects related to idioms, offering a few examples from Romanian and English, instances that will have as a core the concept of "dream". The study is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory introduced by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson and the one suggested by the Australian professor A. Wierzbicka by creating the prototypic cognitive scenarios of the mental models typical of a concept from a certain culture by using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM).

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DAILY NEWS – ONE SIGNIFICANT LOCAL NEWSPAPER

Author(s): Carmen Nicolescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

Our post 1989th Revolution society has known one fervent journalistic life. The explanation? Certainly the thirst of freedom and the will of expression liberated from the constraints of censure very well known as suffocating the written media during communism, as well as audio-visual media (radio, tv), even the interhuman communication.

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THE ROLE OF ASSERTIVE LANGUAGE IN FORMATIVE CONTEXTS

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2022

The study explored the dynamics of the mechanisms underlying assertive communication in formative contexts. In particular, it looked to examine the effectiveness of explanatory models in which empathy, honesty and conscientiousness predict dimensions of assertiveness: the discomfort provoked by assertion (DAI) and the likelihood that individuals will use assertive language (RP). Furthermore, the study aimed to identify which of these factors affect to the greatest extent this type of speaking and, also, to investigate the variability of assertive language with respect to gender of participants. 229 participants filled – out Assertion Inventory (AI - Eileen Gambrill, Cherly Richey, 1975), and other self-report measures assessing their empathy (Toronto Empathy Questionnaire - TEQ; Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., Levine, B., 2009), honesty and conscientiousness (Honesty-humility and Conscientiousness scales from the HEXACO Personality Inventory – Ashton and Lee, 2001). The results showed that participants who have higher levels of empathy, honesty and conscientiousness will tend to express lower assertion discomfort. Also, participants who exhibit high levels of empathy, honesty and conscientiousness will be more likely to use assertive language.

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THE UNIVERSAL AND CULTURAL SPECIFIC IMAGE OF ANIMALS IN ENGLISH, ROMANIAN AND RUSSIAN IDIOMS

Author(s): Viorica Lifari / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

Idiomatic expressions are considered special creations of various languages as they reflect the specific cultural way the people think and bear a metaphoric or metonymic meaning. Moreover cognitive linguistics says that we perceive the reality by means of our body and environment, thus various cultures makes use of similar linguistic means to render various cultural scenarios with cases of universal linguistic representation of similar cultural patterns. Since old times writers used to speak about various vices of humans by means of animal images so as to soften the criticism and the process of deriding the weaknesses of people. However, the existing linguistic expressions were constructed in the course of language development being influenced by some previous common writings as the religious books and common human dwellings since ancient times thus explaining the common cases of associating similar animals with similar situations cross-culturally. The idioms that differ among various languages witness about the different mentality of the humans representing different cultures. In this study we compare the images of domestic animals in English, Romanian and Russian so as to identify the possible similar cases and most important, those culturally specific ones so as to help in understanding which way to conduct an intercultural communication in a correct way.

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THE ROLE OF PRESUPPOSITION IN THE DISCOURSE OF ADVERTISING

Author(s): Andreea DINU / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The world we live in is one of communicative interaction, of the advertising that assaults us every day. Even if advertising is ephemeral, its effect is lasting. The premise of this work is that advertisements are forms of discourse that make a significant contribution to the way we build our identity. By choosing this topic I set out to examine the breadth of the advertising discourse, so that I can define the communicational act that we name advertising. From the perspective of practical experience I tried a textual analysis focused on printed advertisements, combining the practical activity with the texts accompanied by comments to show how the messages are constructed. I analyzed the relationship between language and image, advertising strategies, literary and linguistic theory.

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DISCOURSE STRUCTURE. A RETHORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE CURRENT ROMANIAN EDITORIAL

Author(s): Roxana Prisacaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

The old rhetoric of Quintilian considers that the perfect discourse of oratory includes five parts: inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria, actio. This article first describes these parts and highlights the features that are important for the editorial, as a journalistic and also an epideictic discourse. Thereafter, some examples from the contemporary journalistic editorial will define the main rhetorical strategies that occur in inventio, dispositio and elocutio, describing the specific features that are congruent or different from the old rhetoric. Therefore, this paper presents specific rhetorical structural features of the contemporary Romanian editorial.

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Homonyma a víceznačnost (polysémie) jako události psychoanalytické hodiny

Author(s): David Holub / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2022

Consonant words (homonyms) and ambiguity (polysemy) are subjective and intersubjective events of language slippage and speech acts in the analytic session. The ambiguity of speech reflects mental development, the sediments of first significant experiences and pre-symbolic communication. Homonyms are an opportunity to listen in a non-common way to what is excluded from the analytical process and from life. They expand the analytical space by a dimension not lived before. They open the mind for play and imagination, testify of the ambiguity, of the „informative unfixedness“ of symbols. They remove speech from consciously controlled discourse and established linguistic frameworks. They introduce a new movement into analytical work and encourage self-analysis. The unconscious meaning of the homonyms and their transmission message often become apparent with distance, sometimes only after the analysis is complete (apr s- -coup). Homonyms can both reveal and conceal – they are creative in nature, can bridge unbereable feelings or be used in a protective way.

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BILINGUALISM, AN IMPERATIVE OF THE ACADEMIC NARRATIVE

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

The paper explored the topic of bilingualism regarding its conceptual variety, explanatory models, existing forms and educational implications. As it is considered an imperative in various multicultural settings, the study looked to examine the implications of being bilingual, and also to underly the advantages and disadvantages of speaking and understanding two or more languages. Given that previous scientific literature has found both positive and negative effects of bilingualism on the cognitive development of individuals, the authors' aim was to identify the different meanings of bilingualism, and based on this to decipher the mechanisms, determinants, and the facilitating conditions by which different degrees of bilingualism are developed. The current study tried to reveal the different facets of bilingualism, assuming the existence of sometimes contradictory, other times complementary conceptual approaches that make understanding such a phenomenon more challenging.

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Particularități ale limbajului și comunicării în TSA

Author(s): Ioana Dârjan,Loredana Al Ghazi,Mihai Predescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

Autism spectrum disorders (AST) are a complex and puzzling cluster of disorders in which social isolation, communication difficulties, and the presence of peculiar and/or repetitive behaviors, in various degrees, are the main characteristics. These characteristics are interlinked and share similar brain and cognitive functioning specificity. This paper focuses on communication and language disorders, their particularities in persons with AST, and their impact on differential diagnostic and specific interventions. Efficient therapeutic strategies and techniques for persons with ASD should address these strong correlations and overlaps between the specific social behavior development and the particularities of using language and communication in an ecological paradigm.

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Program de intervenție logopedică pentru dezvoltarea limbajului la preșcolarii din grupa mare

Author(s): Iulia-Maria PAȘCALĂU (SICOE) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

This paper aims to identify the developmental characteristics of language in preschool children, capturing the impact of the speech therapy program on language development, and utilizing the principles of the TALK program in speech therapy intervention. The study sample consisted of 22 preschoolers, aged between 5-6 years, from a kindergarten in Cluj-Napoca. After dividing the participants into two groups, control and experimental, the evaluation was performed using three assessment tools: the Curriculum TALK, Portage (Language subscale), and the Logopedic Album. A speech therapy intervention program was implemented for the experimental group, followed by a final evaluation conducted using the same assessment tools. After collecting the results from pre and post-tests, all data were centralized in an SPSS database for processing. Thus, by using the paired samples t-test (hypothesis 1), the independent samples t-test (hypothesis 2), and Pearson's bivariate correlation (hypothesis 3), it was found that all research hypotheses were confirmed.

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Tulburări de voce în rândul jurnaliștilor. Studiu de caz: profesioniștii din radio

Author(s): Gabriela ONȚ BURUIAN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

This paper analyzes, on the one hand, voice disorders occurring in radio journalists and what are the leading causes and solutions, on the other hand. The paper contains both qualitative research methods and instruments, such as case study and interviews with all the actors involved in this process: vocal professionals-radio journalists, vocal specialists-physicians, speech therapists, and speech pathologists. Based on these methods and tools, it was possible to conclude whether the lack of vocal hygiene application is related to voice disorders. Also, we shaped the causes and factors that lead to voice disorders and what are the directions for prevention and intervention in this medical issue.

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Abordare din perspectivă psiholigvistică a limbajului și comunicării în tulburarea de spectru autist (TSA)

Author(s): Ioana IRIMIA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

Psycholinguistics is a field that combines methods and theories from psychology and linguistics to gain a fuller understanding of human language. The connection between the human psyche and language is the focus of research in psycholinguistics. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by language impairment, social and communicative deficits and repetitive behaviours. Echolalia is considered a predominant feature of ASD. Early intervention should be started as soon as a diagnosis is made, as social, play and language domains do not develop at the expected rate or in the expected multimodal, integrated manner. Using the language sample analysis technique, it is observed that echolalia and the number of abstract words do not influence mean utterance length, but the number of novel words correlates with mean utterance length. The psycholinguistic approach helps to gain a deeper understanding of language deficits and influences speech therapy intervention.

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Dezvoltarea abilităților de citire cu ajutorul instrumentelor Boomwhackers în contextul dizabilității asociate

Author(s): Janka-Eszter Veres / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

In this paper we chose to study the influence of music therapy with the help of Boomwhackers instruments on the following skills: sustained attention, short-term memory, phonemic hearing and reading fluency in students with severe and associated impairments, among students from disadvantaged backgrounds. I considered this type of intervention useful because the effectiveness of music therapy is proven in many situations both in typical children and in those with atypical development. The students participating in the study have music among their passions and because of this, their implication activities was achieved without much difficulty. Also, the use of Boomwhackers was of high interest for the students and they were always excited to participate in the activities. The results obtained in the study prove the effectiveness of the intervention, as improvements were observed in all the evaluated areas.

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A Cognitive Semantics analysis of David Goggins’ idea of “transforming” mindset

Author(s): Anna Drogosz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The objective of the paper is an analysis of how David Goggins describes his life in his book Can’t Hurt Me. The analysis was conducted within the methodological framework of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory. It has been established that the metaphors life is a journey and aspects of the self are individuals at war provide coherence to the story of his life, while conceptual blends are a mental tool used to reframe a situation and himself. As a result of implementing those blends in his thinking, David Goggins has developed a mindset that allowed him to transform from a broken teenager to “the strongest man alive”. This case study reveals how specific conceptual blends may impact not only cognition and language in general, as is argued in Cognitive Semantics, but also one’s emotional state, and consequently one’s physical performance.

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Panika w wypowiedziach studentów. Struktura znaczeniowa i wartościowanie

Author(s): Małgorzata Święcicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The aim of this article is a linguistic and cultural analysis and interpretation of the thematic field of panic in the statements of university students. The semantic and axiological structure of the word found in texts written by young people is presented against the background of data contained in several selected dictionaries of the Polish language. The subject of the description, in addition to how a feeling is defined, is its metaphorical models and their linguistic exponents. Research shows that the textual structure of meanings and the axiology of panic include the content necessary to understand the concept and significantly expand dictionary descriptions based on the thinking, knowledge and experience of university students.

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Иван Георгов - предтеча на психолингвистиката в България

Author(s): Yuliana Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The contributions of Ivan Georgiov – philosopher, pedagogue, linguist and public figure to Bulgaria are multifaceted. The aim of this paper is to highlight Ivan Georhov’s contributions to the developmental psycholinguistics: his studies of the early acquisition of Bulgarian in comparison to other Slavic and Indo-European languages (German, French, English, Italian) are still actual. He described the individual differences in language acquisition decades before that scientific paradigm has been set up. He discussed the origin of the words for father and mother in various languages, relating them to the pre-linguistic stage of babbling. He gave a detailed description of the phonological processes in early mastering of /r/ by children acquiring Slavic vs. non-Slavic languages.

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Психолингвистично изследване на „теорията на съзнанието“ при турски деца билингви

Author(s): Hristo Kyuchukov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This article presents the results of a study of bilingual Turkish preschool children living in Berlin, Germany. The study was conducted among two groups of children between 4 and 6 years of age (18 in total) in kindergarten with the aim of examining the extent to which the mother tongue (L1) and the second language (L2) are a factor in understanding the theory of mind. The children were offered the classical tests for the theory of mind, as well as language tests related to the comprehension of interrogative sentences, containing a verb that shows a mental state, and to the comprehension and production of vocabulary in native Turkish and German as a second language for them. The results show that vocabulary is not an important factor, and that the mastery of interrogative sentences is a factor that helps understand the theory of mind. The results obtained were analyzed statistically with the t-test.

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WORDS THAT SELL: EXPLANATION AS AN ARGUMENTATIVE STRATEGY IN THE CURRENT ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Author(s): Crina-Ancuța Macovei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

Through this research, we aim to open a window to the complexity of advertising argumentation, highlighting its role in shaping perceptions, forming attitudes and influencing consumer behavior. As an argumentative strategy, the explanation helps to create an overview of the characteristics, composition, use and benefits of a particular product, as well as recommendations for its maintenance and storage. All this leads to the performative act of argumentation, embodied by the action of buying the promoted product or service.

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Психолингвистические особенности развития структуры языковой личности студента под влиянием интернет-среды

Author(s): Olexandr Kušč,Elena Tomášková / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2016

The paper examines the role of the Internet environment in the formation of the student’s language personality. With considering psycholinguistic features of adolescence the specificity of formation of student’s linguistic personality under the influence of the Internet environment is defined. As a result the major negative effects of changed conditions of formation of language personality were identified, the following ones among them: the lack of reading skills and analysis of complex text, the ability to create their own texts and conduct expedient and effective discussions, build the communication with different people. In this connection, a question about the development of effective methods for the formation of the student’s language person in the new environment is raised. The conclusion that the real, rather than virtual communication, the reader's experience and outlook will inevitably require a certain linguistic basis and contribute to its accumulation is made.

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English and Sustainable Language: Collective Consciousness in Bangladesh

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English and Sustainable Language: Collective Consciousness in Bangladesh

Author(s): Abdul Awal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In modern times, sustainability plays an important role, also acceptable in sociolinguistic studies. The comparison of English and other languages in Bangladesh is examined from the point of view of sustainability. It has not yet been established whether the English language is sustainable or not in the context of Bangladesh and around the world. Most studies on sustainable development objectives neglect the relationship between sustainability and a particular country’s language. The purpose of this work is to expand our knowledge of how to measure the sustainable language based on specific indicators. The research first explored the development of Bangladesh’s English, sustainable languages, and collective consciousness. This approach is initially based on quantitative methods. Overall, these results suggest the sustainability of Bangladesh’s different languages. This study contributes to the field of a sustainable language genre in sociolinguistics.

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