Концептът Политик в лозунгите на протестиращия българин от 2013 г.

Author(s): Niya Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

In the concept sphere of the protesting Bulgarian, the concept “politician” is characterized predominantly by negative traits and features – inconsistency, duplicity, insincerity, deceit, lie, vanity, ostentation, lack of principles, changes of affiliation, and manifestations of obsession, insanity, incoordination and inadequacy. This attitude directly reflects on the way the Bulgarian treats the institutions – negatively, disrespectfully and distrustfully.

Exploring Language Anxiety Among Turkish Heritage Language Learners in Germany

Author(s): Selçuk Emre Ergüt,Bayram Baş / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

Heritage language speakers may feel anxiety about using their heritage language in different settings due to monolingual ideologies, family attitudes, language proficiency, and many other factors. However, the experience of those enrolling in heritage language classes has yet to be known in detail. This study examined heritage language anxiety (HLA) toward speaking skills among Turkish heritage language learners (HLLs). A descriptive design was used to seek the HLA level and its relations with various variables such as the home language, communicative language with friends, selfperceived proficiency, age, gender, grade level, birthplaces of children and parents, age of acquisition (AoA), book-reading and movie-watching languages. Three hundred and three school-age bilingual Turkish children in Germany participated in the study. The results demonstrated that the HLA level of the target group was low. In addition, inclass HLA was significantly higher than out-of-class. Moreover, HLA levels significantly differed in terms of the father's birthplace, the communicative language with friends, self-perceived proficiency, and the movie-watching language. Despite evident differences regarding the book-reading language and birthplace of the mother, these were not statistically significant. Also, no relationship was observed between HLA and some variables: Age, grade level, and AoA. This initial study attempted to comprehend the complex patterns behind the language anxiety concept in the context of Turkish immigrants in Germany and heritage language education (HLE). In conclusion, interaction via heritage language (HL) and access to HLE may contribute to reducing HLA. However, paradoxically, while HLE may alleviate general HLA, it may cause more in-class anxiety due to sociocultural and pedagogical factors.

FROM EKPHRASIS AS ICON TO THE ORGANIC FORM AND DIGITAL EKPHRASIS

Author(s): Lavinia Hulea / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2019

The separation of signs into sensible and intelligible, with the first ones used by visual arts and the second ones by verbal arts, made possible the dissociation between natural signs and arbitrary-conventional signs. It appeared that, with a view to represent an object, which could be identified with its existent correspondent (as in representational visual arts), no difficulties were to be encountered; therefore, a related, unambiguous process was expected to be dealt with in the representation of objects by words seen as the embodiment of enargeia. Renaissance witnessed the setting forth of an ekphrastic theory that focused on enargeia as the equivalent of imitation, with a twist: ekphrasis appeared to have shifted from the representation of sensible reality (as pictures do) towards the representation of intelligible reality. The understanding of the representation as ,,image” or ,,icon” did not require the imitation of external reality, anymore. Subsequently, modernism went even further and asserted that all the arts-visual arts included-operated as linguistic signs and demanded interpretation. The mimetic function of all the arts is thus considered to require its subordination to the conventions that determined the manner of creating and perceiving them. The signs of all the arts, visual arts included, acquire, with modernism, an arbitrary and conventional character. Further, twentieth century brought under debate the notion of digital ekphrasis, which attempts at shifting the focus from the verbal representation of a visual representation towards the corporeality of the work and the receiver’s multisensory experience with that work.

RELEVANCE THEORY APPLIED TO ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

Author(s): Oana-Maria Bîrlea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2019

As a result of technological innovations and globalization advertisements have come to surpass their primary economic function becoming regulators and establishing social norms and trends, representing ideologies, creating utopian lifestyles, rather than simply trying to persuade the receiver into buying. Also, we can observe a shift from an explicit to an implicit meaning in discourse construction which leads to the apparent empowering of the receiver in the decoding process. Its persuasive nature which can be perceived as a particularity among other types of discourse has become of great interest among many researchers from different fields of study likes psychology, linguistics, sociology, media studies etc. (Brierley 1995, Messaris 1997, John & Nicholas O'Shaugnessy, 2003, Fletcher 2008, Armstrong 2010, Beasley & Danesi, 2010). Starting with Wilson & Sperberřs Relevance theory (1986, 1995, 1998, 2002) we intend to interpret and analyze print advertisements based on the principles of ostensive-inferential communication. We have selected 4 Romanian and Japanese print advertisements/billboards, two created between the `50s-`60s and the other two after 2010 in order to have a contrastive perspective over discourse construction. This parallel allows us to observe recurrent elements and common strategies in two completely different cultural and social contexts and to identify the ways in which language is used to persuade, seduce and manipulate the receiver. Our aim is to reveal the steps followed by the receiver in decoding a message with two or more possible interpretations as in the case of advertisements.

Grammatical Error Analysis Approach in Teaching Polish as a Foreign Language to Ukrainian Learners. A Review of Dominika Izdebska-Długosz’s Monograph “Błędy gramatyczne w polszczyźnie studentów ukraińskojęzycznych”

Author(s): Liliya Morska / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

Review of: Dominika Izdebska-Długosz Monograph “Błędy gramatyczne w polszczyźnie studentów ukraińskojęzycznych” (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2021, ss. 472)

POETRY, A PERSUASIVE STRATEGY IN THE ITALIAN ADVERTISING LANGUAGE

Author(s): Mirela Aioane / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2021

We would like to take up in this article the emergence inside Italian advertising slogans of great Dante and two great contemporary Italian poets, Giuseppe Ungaretti and Salvatore Quasimodo, thereby paying a homage to the great Ungaretti, as last year we commemorated half a century since he passed away. Advertising designers are heading towards modern poetry, apparently deprived of any logic, fixed rhythms and compulsory rhymes, full of words, spontaneity, varied rhythmicity, an experimental poetry. Thus, they are able to remind us of some great well-known writers ‘style. Poetry in advertising grants a special tone to advertising discourse, it expresses emotion, feelings, on which every slogan relies upon, it is an original form of communication which raises the interest of the ever more distracted and absent-minded audience, inferring style both to the advertising message and to the product advertised, as well.

IMPERSONALIZATION OF UTTERANCES, A NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGY INVOLVING THE COMPLEX PREDICATE WITH MODAL AND ASPECTUAL OPERATOR WITHIN THE ROMANIAN AND SPANISH TELEVISUAL POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Author(s): Laura Grama / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2021

The article approaches pragmatic issues of the complex predicate with modal and aspectual operator and verbal semantic support within the Romanian and Spanish televisual political discourse, more precisely the impersonalization of utterances as a strategy specific to negative politeness. It is emphasized that, through this mechanism of negative politeness, the locutor decreases the benefit and increases the cost for himself (the generosity maxim of the politeness principle) ensuring verbal cooperation during the conversation.

Book review

Author(s): Iveta Žákovská / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Mám doma kočku a mám ji rád! Ale jak ji pojmenovat? aneb o felionymech ve srovnávací perspektivě (na materiálu českého, slovenského a polského jazyka)

Author(s): Agnieszka Kołodziej / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

This article explores a phenomenon in zoonymy, i.e. the naming of animals. It studies the names of cats, the species which, alongside dogs, accounts for the majority of domestic animals in both cities and the countryside. What is more, cats do win much human affection. The analyses conducted are synchronous and comparative; the study focuses on research material from three West-Slavic languages, Czech, Slovak and Polish. The corpus of felionyms comprises 330 unique cat names, each language contributing 110 entries. All the names described refer to urban cats. The analytical part of the article is preceded by a number of observations focusing on terminology and the existing research on the subject. The classification of cat names comprises three categories: I. Indirectly motivated felionyms; II. Directly motivated felionyms; and III. Felionyms with multiple motivations. Categories I and II branch out into additional sub-categories. The most productive motivations for the cat names include: the colour of the fur on a part or the entirety of the cat’s body; size; corpulence; hairiness; pragmatic aspects; names and/or surnames of characters from television, films, literature and songs; and commemorative and birthday names. Among the least productive categories, one may enumerate temporal names; matro- and patronymic names; toponyms; and chrematonyms. The vast majority (almost 80%) of the names in the corpus can be treated as metaphoric transfers. The remaining cases can be considered word-forming derivations, mainly formed through the addition of a suffix.

ADVERTISING LANGUAGE. THE STREET PANEL

Author(s): Carmen Neamţu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

A 2021 BRAT study demonstrates that, despite the costs, street panel advertising is an effective way to reach the consumers. In this paper we will see some relevant ad classifications This paper presents some considerations related to the situation of advertising made through billboards. A good panel must be visible, surprising, intelligible, impressing and memorable. The story must be moving to conquer you.

PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF THE REPETITION OF THE COMPLEX PREDICATE WITH MODAL AND ASPECTUAL OPERATOR WITHIN THE SPANISH TELEVISUAL POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Author(s): Laura Grama / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

The article approaches pragmatic issues of the complex predicate with modal and aspectual operator and verbal semantic support within the Spanish televisual political discourse, more precisely the pragmatic functions of the repetition of the complex predicate. It is emphasized that the repetition of the complex predicate with modal and aspectual operator has conversational functions, being involved in the exchange of roles between interlocutors or as a form of dialogue control, as well as interactive functions, highlighting the relationships between the actors of the conversational exchange.

O propunere de adaptare pentru limba română a unei probe de fluență verbală fonematică (testul de asociere orală controlată a cuvintelor – COWAT)

Author(s): Ovidiu Tudorean,Alois Gherguț / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Verbal fluency is an indicator of good cognitive functioning. The Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) is part of the examination tools in neuropsychology. For English there are stratified standards by age and background (Tombaugh, Kozak, & Rees, 1999). The phonemic combinations used are F-A-S, C-T-L or P-R-W. These combinations are not specific to the Romanian language. This study proposes a way to identify phonemes that could be specific to the Romanian language for an adapted version of the COWAT test.

Particularități fonologice și morfologice ale limbii semnelor – percepția participanților auzitori asupra procesului de învățare

Author(s): Ioana Tufar,Ioana Letiția Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Based on the investigation of the phonological and morphological characteristics of Sign Language and on past research regarding students’ perception on the learning process, this paper presents the perception of 87 Romanian students on the acquisition process of the Romanian Sign Language. The study involved participants who followed and graduated a basic training course in Romanian Sign Language. Examining the resulting data, recommendations were drawn up regarding the teaching and the learning process of sign language according to the phonological, morphological, and semantical characteristics and explaining the involvement of iconicity in this process

Opiniile specialiștilor privind utilizarea umorului în terapia tulburărilor de limbaj și comunicare

Author(s): Teodora Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

This paper addresses an important and innovative subject for the speech language therapy settings and it is the first research study which investigates specialists' opinions on the use of humour in the Romanian speech and language therapy domain. The design of the study implies the development of a new questionnaire created during the research. Data were collected through this survey in an on-line format and thematic analysis method for data analysis was performed. In this research participants were SLTs (N=210) who work in different urban and rural areas in Romania. The research results highlight the presence of humour in SLTs settings and the interest in this field among specialists, suggesting that humour has notable implications in SLT’s domain. Access to humour for people with language impairment is dependent on: age; level of language development; specificity of language impairment; type of humour used. The main difficulties in understanding and using humour for children with language disorders are related to: understanding abstract linguistic concepts; vocabulary limits and constraints; poor executive functions; understanding social rules; accepting another person's perspective. Humour can be incorporated into speech and language therapy activities in a variety of ways and used at different stages of the speech and language therapy approach

THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE RISE OF THE FAKE NEWS AND BREXIT PHENOMENON. THE STAGE OF RESEARCH

Author(s): Mariana Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

The paper presents the state of research on the fake news phenomenon and disinformation, in relation to the referendum on UK membership of the European Union. The disinformation dates back to the earliest times, but the novelty comes from technological advances that make the exchange of information, ideas and opinions between the citizens of different nations of the world almost instant nowadays, via the Internet. The technological element is the complexity, size, scale, speed of information dissemination and the low cost of information dissemination. The paper addresses the way information is transmitted in the public space and the way new media operates, presents studies on social media content, the consequences of disinformation on democracy, society and human perception. Also includes arguments that show the power of ideas, perceptions and identities that have the potential to influence attitudes and behaviors that can trigger changes in the international system. This includes some of the implications of technological progress and disinformation found in the British decision to leave the European project. The Article also analyses and develops this issue both through my own contribution and perspective and through the arguments identified by researchers in the fields of international relations, communication and sociology.

ON GRAMMAR AND REALITY

Author(s): Laura Carmen Cuțitaru / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

The search for answers about the connection between language and thought, represented so well by the German philosophers in past centuries all the way down to Wilhelm von Humboldt, and revisited with moderate success by the American linguistics of the 40’s, seems to have found an unprecedented enthusiasm in today’s cognitive psychology and elsewhere. Outlandish claims about language (native or foreign) are flooding the public space. The present paper focuses on such a claim by Vietnamese-born American Classicist and author Phuc Tran.

DECIPHERING LANGUAGE THROUGH THE MILTON MODEL

Author(s): Carmen- Liliana Mărunţelu,Cristina-Dana Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

The present paper aims at giving a brief insight into the process of communication as an energetic, substantial and informational exchange between two or more systems. This is achieved in principle through language, a special role belonging to the conscious component, to thinking. The paper is also focused on the role of the metamodel as a tool that allows us to understand what people mean and is a reformulation of language and experience. The metamodel can also be used to make people more specific or to get them out of a trance state, where their attention is focused on something specific that prevents them from looking for other possible solutions. By recovering lost information, it is possible to express new choices both in terms of behavior and in terms of concepts or experience.

LANGUAGE AND GENDER – CONVERSATION RITUALS. A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Alexandra Olaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

Human languages, in all their forms (speech, writing, signs, etc.), are based on a fundamental constant: they vary depending on the context and the people involved. Just as space and time cannot be repeated or duplicated, so human interactions are unique. The principle of difference defines all spheres of human activity, the concept of identity being purely theoretical and not applicable in reality. Although these differences can be observed starting from the cellular level, we do not need to be experts in biology to understand how the world is structured. We just have to look around and notice. In the 1920s, labov was writing about the differences and variables one can find in languages, and in recent decades, sociolinguists have deepened his theories and found that those variables are dictated not only by culture, age, religion, education, or environment, but also by gender. According to them, people speak differently also because they are biologically different. Considering that the notion of gender is extremely important for our times and that communication is one of the defining components of society, we shall try in the paper to present the gender differences in language and to exemplify them.

WORDS AND MEANINGS

Author(s): Isabela-Elena Spirea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

At some point, during 2007, I participated in a challenge, namely, to choose five advertising texts from the huge number of commercials that were airing at that time, to point out the sematic relationships within their context and to mention the stylistic effects of paronimia. Thus, a new analysis thesis came into being which proved to be enduring, given the fact that, after 15 years, it will see itself on print.

ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AGAINST THE ANGLO-AMERICAN INFLUX

Author(s): Cristina-Ionela Bogdan (Sandu) / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2022

This article is a succinct approach to the importance of the Romanian language and the diversity of changes it suffered throughout the process of Anglicization. We have also highlighted the fact that the influence of the English language has led and still leads to the vocabulary internationalization that enriches the common language, as well as the specialized language, and facilitates the communication between professionals of various fields of activity. This way, the number of neologisms in contemporary Romanian language has increased because all the words borrowed from English are neologisms. This massive borrowing of Anglo-American terms has manifested the most during the recent decades and has led to major changes in both the Romanian common lexicon and the specialized language.