CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Wpływ kontekstu na aktualizację wzorca gatunkowego aktu uszanowania (na przykładzie tekstu z początku XIX wieku)

Author(s): Renata Bizior / Language(s): Polish Issue: XII/2016

The article presents how the impact of extra-lingual context influences on implementation of genre model of the act respect (fr. acte respectueux et formel). The author discusses historical, legal and political system circumstances, which had impact on new genre creation (the act respect) in the repertoire of genre forms belonging to the style of official documents. This process took place in the early nineteenth century.First part of this paper presents influence and impact of translated on Polish language French Civil Code known as the Code Napoleon, that has been translated to Polish (1808),on the style evolution of official documents and genre models.Second part of the paper discusses the act of respect text organization, that has been prepared by first notary appointed in Czestochowa (1809). The act of respect is presented in the article as genre variation of a notarial act. The author presents the structure of the studied text in relation to rules of genre and normative model of genre and also set of elocutionary acts contained in the text which are quite different from these required by rules of law.The author recognizes analyzed text as individual realization of genre, unique for the official language variant. This conclusion is based on comparison of the studied text with other acts of respect prepared by various notaries and also prepared by notary – the sender of analyzed document – at a later date.

More...

The effect of self-related humour on convergent and divergent thinking

Author(s): Shahinoor Rahman,Zhijin Zhou / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Humour enhances creativity, but the question is whether different types of humour have a similar effect on improving individual creativity. It is evident that negative humour style is negatively related to creativity, while positive humour style is positively related to it. However, no evidence has been found that self-related humour (self-enhancing and self-defeating humour) directly affects creative thinking in the experimental setting. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of self-related humour on convergent and divergent creative thinking. We included 60 (38 male,22 female) participants and randomly assigned 20 in each condition to conduct this experiment. To evoke humour, we used 12 stimuli (12 self-enhancing jokes, 12 self-defeating jokes, and 12 non-humorous statements) in each condition. Remote Association Task (RAT)was used to measure convergent thinking, and Alternative Uses Task (AUT)was used to measure divergent thinking. We expected that i) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at convergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group and ii) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at divergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group. Our results supported our hypotheses and suggested that self-enhancing humour induced individual creativity both in convergent or divergent thinking (originality, fluency, flexibility).In contrast, self-defeating humour failed to affect either convergent or divergent thinking

More...

CHARACTERISTICS OF WRITING IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH APHASIA

Author(s): Victoria Maximciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

Aphasia is associated with impaired writing, which negatively impacts an individual's social life and communication. Writing disorders in aphasic patients are very diverse. This article presents comparative research on the state of writing in aphasic patients. Writing is an important communication tool. The restoration of writing in aphasia remains a problem poorly addressed in specialized literature, lacking sufficient applied solutions. The paper describes a writing assessment program for aphasic patients, essential for identifying each patient's potential and developing individualized programs.

More...

DEALING WITH PHRASAL VERBS USED IN TRAVELLING AND TOURISM VOCABULARY

Author(s): Cristina-Gabriela Marin,Corina Mihaela Geană / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

Travelling and tourism vocabulary contains quite a number of phrasal verbs. These are very common in English vocabulary in general, particularly in speech and less formal writing. Students make a point of using phrasal verbs they come across during reading and listening activities so that to consolidate and extend their knowledge in this area. As mainly phrasal verbs have a metaphorical meaning which may be an extension of the literal one, it can be a bit difficult to understand them from the context. Distinctly colloquial, idiomatic and varying in shades of literalness and figurativity, phrasal verbs are largely dominat in travelling contexts or conversation while the Latinate verbs of English are dominant in formal usage. Most of the phrasal or two-word verb are due to the Germanic origins of English. The choice of which particle ( the second part of a two-word verb ) is an ancient problem.

More...

THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF THE WORD HEART IN ENGLISH

Author(s): Liliana Tronea-Ghidel / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

The present paper, relying on data collected from various English dictionaries, focuses on the semantic field of the term heart, by trying to render its different meanings and connotations. Heart belongs to a category of words that is particularly interesting for the linguist, because its analysis solves a specific lexicological problem. The semantic richness of heart is reflected in all its meanings related to feelings.

More...

Arta şi limbajul în viziunea lingvisticii integrale a lui Eugeniu Coşeriu

Author(s): Angela Savin-Zgardan,Ion Manoli / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

In the present study, we address the conception of the philosopher and linguist Eugeniu Coseriu regarding culture and the common features between art and language, as constituents of culture, as well as the distinctive feature between them. With respect to culture, therefore - to art and language, the scholar claims that any human activity has its internal norm, a norm that implies a certain morality and a certain ethics of this activity. In art, the norm is not to make any concession to the empirical subject, which means that the universal subject in the person of the artist, who is also an ethical and moral person, should create in the way he/she considers, but not according to the taste of the public or of any party. These norms imply for culture and, respectively, for art and language, constancies such as: universality, non-dogmatics, tradition, national specificity, universal culture, culture in history, the relevance of culture, the duty of man of culture, of art, to the cultural situation of his community in history. In the matter of the differentiated characteristic between art and language, with the exclusion of poetic language, which is considered to be art in the conception of the great linguist, it is about the characteristic of the universal subject that excludes alterity in art, but which is specific to language. However, in the end, as far as art and poetic language are concerned, the existence of alterity is admitted on the condition that „the absolute self” addresses „the internalized self” of the creator in art.

More...

EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF DREAM AS DESIRE: METAPHORICAL HUNGER AND THIRST IN THE ENGLISH, ROMANIAN AND FRENCH LANGUAGES

Author(s): Oana Șulic / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

The main purpose of the present article is to investigate the concept of “dream” as “desire” across three languages: English, Romanian and French. Having as a starting point the cognitive metaphor theory, we focus our attention mainly on the metaphors of hunger and thirst by examining how these linguistic expressions are employed to convey dreams as desires and by shedding light on the close connection between language, culture and human cognition. We begin our study from the very definition of the concept of “dream” as “desire” followed by the analysis of a selection of metaphorical expressions from our three languages in order to highlight the way these languages conceptualize “dreams” as “desires”.

More...

О роли генерализации в процессе онтогенеза темпорального дейксиса

Author(s): G.R. Dobrova,O.I. Petelina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

This article examines the role of generalization in the process of mastering temporal deixis in preschool children. Up to a certain age, children have difficulty in the acquisition of deixis, which is due to their individual and age-related characteristics, subjective perception of time, and inability to adjust to an actual starting point when it fails to match their “I-here-now” understanding. Here, the results of an analysis of children’s statements (from our notes and the diary entries by various authors) and the experimental data from 54 children aged 4 to 7 years are discussed and summarized. A number of examples are provided that prove the key importance of generalization skills in the acquisition of temporal deixis by preschool children. Detailed investigation of children’s statements reveals that most preschool children make incorrect generalizations in the early stages of speech ontogenesis: they often use “labels” (certain general “temporal” words that do not depend on the reference point) to mark time intervals, confuse and interchange antonyms like “tomorrow” and “yesterday”, use the same temporal word to refer to all past or future events, or mix up various associative series that belong to the category of time. However, through the incorrect choice and use of deictic means, young children gradually begin to recognize the meaning and correct use of deictic units. Thus, generalization facilitates children’s ability to comprehend language and its phenomena, such as the use of temporal deixis. The obtained results may be helpful for further psycholinguistic and ontolinguistic research, for teaching special courses on psycholinguistics, and for the work of specialists in the field of preschool education and speech ontogenesis.

More...

Специфика речевого развития детей с РАС: нейропсихологический подход

Author(s): Irina Aleksandrovna Nigmatullina,E.A. Sadretdinova,A.O. Yudina,E.D. Yurikova,S. N. Komarova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

Effective identification, support, and development of children’s abilities is a priority task of the education system in Russia. This demands deeper research based on the use of modern diagnostic technologies and neuropsychological tools, especially in what concerns children with impaired development, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Neuropsychological rehabilitation of children with ASD remains a poorly understood yet critical problem. Here, we explore common neuropsychological tools employed in Russia for diagnostics and therapy of ASD in childhood. The prospects of these methods to study the speech characteristics of such children were substantiated. The study is based on a survey of 20 parents of 20 children aged 4–6 years who attend the “WE ARE TOGETHER” Special Kindergarten for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders at Kazan Federal University (Russia). The speech characteristics of the children, starting from an early age, were thoroughly investigated during the experiment with the help of neuropsychological tools. The latter included game tasks to test social, cognitive, motor, neurodynamic, and regulatory skills, as well as the analysis of the transcripts of the interviews with both children and their parents. The results obtained facilitate the introduction of the neuropsychological approach to diagnose speech disorders in preschool children with ASD, and it can be further improved by experts in the rehabilitation and education of children exhibiting ASD symptoms.

More...

СИМВОЛІЧНІ ЗНАЧЕННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ОБРЯДУ НАРОДЖЕННЯ ДИТИНИ

Author(s): Olga Yakovlieva,Yulia Maslova,Viktoriia Ulianova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

The article analyses the symbolic meanings of lexemes denoting animate and inanimate objects and describing specific actions in the context of the Ukrainian childbirth rites, which once again testifies to the identical features in the linguistic picture of the world of different ethnic groups, primarily Slavs. The commonality of symbolic meanings among Slavic peoples is due to the history and development of consciousness. Ritual texts have their code - a system of syncretic symbols, traditionally called verbal, object, and action symbols. The meaning of such symbols has either changed over time or has been forgotten. Thus, given the process of globalization and the fact that the original ritual syncretism in the spiritual culture of each nation is lost over time, a thorough analysis of the symbolic meanings in the context of the most secret rite of childbirth among the Ukrainians is relevant and timely. The object of our attention is the symbolic meanings of objects, actions, plants, etc., expressed by language in the context of peoples' rituals. The subject is the peculiarities of symbolic meanings, including the transformation of such meanings in certain Ukrainian lexemes of ritual texts and songs. The universal symbolic meanings of most peoples of the world are the meanings of lexemes naming the elements of fire and water. In the childbirth ritual, the mother and child need protection, and a third person, the midwife, needs purification. The protective power of fire was represented by various red objects: thread, rope, ribbon, etc. As a result of the metonymic transfer, metal objects that passed through the fire acquired a symbolic meaning in the context of the rite: a knife, a needle, an awl, scissors, etc. The blacksmith's actions also took on a symbolic meaning. The fire was kept in a furnace, so the furnace itself became a multiple symbol. The addition of grain, bread, flowers, etc transforms the symbolic meaning of water. Various plants, fabrics, and clothes as object symbols are also widely used in the birth ritual. The name of the bird - the stork - has a symbolic meaning.

More...

ЛИЧНИТЕ НАПАДКИ КАТО ЕЛЕМЕНТ ОТ НЕУЧТИВОТО И АГРЕСИВНО ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА РЕЧ

Author(s): Elena Krejčová,Nadezhda Stalyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Impoliteness refers to a characteristic form of language use in communication that contradicts acceptable patterns or deviates from expected communication. Impoliteness is perceived mainly in the context of social rules of communication and valid conventions, and impoliteness arises from the violation of given constructed conventions. It is part of manipulative communication and is the opposite of cooperative communication. The problem of linguistic impoliteness can be addressed using several methods – quantitative analysis, conversational analysis and pragmalinguistic analysis. In the present study, we examine the manifestations of linguistic impoliteness in the context of political communication. In the text, we look at examples of the use of an ad hominem argument (argument against the person/personality) in Bulgarian political debates in Parliament. It is one of the most frequently used techniques in disputes between political opponents and, accordingly, one of the most frequently indicated when it comes to a manipulative suggestive effect on the audience or on the opponent.

More...

PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS

Author(s): Victoria Enefiok Etim,Emmanuel Orok Duke,Emmanuel Akaninyene Okon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The study investigates the phonological processes of language-impaired children between the ages of 5 and 15. They were drawn from different special schools within Akwa Ibom State. They were purposively selected to examine the severity of the disorder for possible therapy and remediation. The study focused on the phonological processes of fricative stopping and velar fronting. Data were collected using a phonological diagnostic screening scale (PDSS) and a picture Naming task (PNT) for participants to identify and read. The theory of the Generative phonology approach was employed. Duration, voice onset time (VOT), intensity, and formant were analyzed using Praat software. For velar fronting, it was established that 60% of the female children under study realised /t/ for /g/ while 40% realised /k/ for /g/; that is, there was no female respondent who appropriately articulated /g/ as /g/ in /gɜ:l/ and /geit/. In contrast, 40% of the male respondents realised /t/ and /k/ as a substitute for /g/ while only 20% of male children under study correctly realised /g/ as /g/ in /gɜ:l/ and /geit/. It implied that the children with language disorders under investigation have problems articulating /g/ as /g/ at the word-initial boundary. From the result, the study confirms the findings in the studies that stops were used primarily as substitutions for word-initial fricatives and affricates. The study recommends that other areas of linguistic analysis in children with language disorders be investigated for early remediation.

More...

The Realization of the Glottal Stop in Utterances Read by Students of Czech as a Second Language

Author(s): Michaela Kopečková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The paper presents the results of the research. It investigates the realization of the glottal stop in the speech of non-native speakers learning Czech. The glottal stop, a consonant sound, is used in Czech to delimit words or morphemes starting with a vowel. The research aims to determine if non-native speakers reduce the glottal stop, identify types of deviations, and highlight the need to include glottal stop pronunciation in Czech language teaching from the A1 level. The study involved 61 students with varying levels of Czech proficiency, who read a prepared text. The analysis focused on the error rate in glottal stop realization, comparing speakers based on their mother tongue and language competence. Results showed that the most problematic sections were combinations with prepositions and complete sentences. The study emphasizes the importance of teaching the glottal stop to improve the overall quality of spoken Czech for non-native speakers.

More...

Realizace českých vokálů ve čteném projevu frankofonních mluvčích

Author(s): Pavla Poláchová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The present study focuses on the acoustic analysis of spoken Czech of Francophone speakers and focuses on the realization of vowels (which were measured and evaluated using the Praat program). The background material for the analysis were audio-recordings of loud Czech reading by 50 students studying Czech with French as a mother tongue. The analysis shows that the realization of Czech vowels is influenced by negative transfer from the native language, which decreases with higher language level.

More...

Slovesná valence v češtině nerodilých mluvčích

Author(s): Andrea Hudousková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The paper presents the results of the analysis of verb valency in non-native Czech on the basis of the learner corpus MERLIN. In order to confirm the hypothesis based on previous studies on valency in non-native Czech, i.e. that non-native speakers overuse prototypical patterns and central meanings of verbs, the use of verbs and their valency frames were examined in 148 texts at CEFR levels A2, B1, and B2. The research based on 3350 occurrences of verbs leads to the conclusion that the number of valency patterns and expressed meanings indeed does not significantly increase with higher level of proficiency.

More...

S dyslexiou k vysokoškolskému titulu: Naratívna syntéza

Author(s): Karin Černickaja,Lenka Sokolová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

Learning disabilities, specifically dyslexia, affect learning processes and school performance of pupils and students at all levels of education. The aim of this narrative synthesis is to outline the topics that are investigated in relation to the university studies of people with dyslexia, while the mapping of this empirical knowledge has the potential to reflect these studies at their different stages. From 923 studies registered between 2001 and 2020 in the Web of Science database, we included 65 studies, which represent an overview of knowledge about decisions about university studies, adjustment in the university environment, study strategies of individuals with dyslexia and support that is provided by university. The results show that dyslexia and its symptoms can be a barrier to successful university studies, yet these students can overcome these barriers with adequate support.

More...

Psycholinguistic Approaches to Instructed Second Language Acquisition: Linking Theory, Findings and Practice

Author(s): Muhammet Yaşar YÜZLÜ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Daniel R. Walter, Psycholinguistic Approaches to Instructed Second Language Acquisition: Linking Theory, Findings and Practice, Multilingual Matters, 2023, 224.

More...

Porozumenie a produkcia slovnej zásoby v ranom veku: komparatívna prípadová štúdia

Author(s): Daniela Slančová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The study deals with a longitudinal comparison of speech development through early age vocabulary acquisition between two siblings, girls. The age difference between them is three and a half years. As a research instrument, the Slovak adaptation of the Test of Communicative Behaviour (TEKOS I, II) was used, which made it possible to set uniform assessment parameters. Both children were observed from 8 to 35 months of their age, i.e. the full of scope of possibilities that TEKOS provides. The longitudinal aspect was observed on the basis of the mean index of vocabulary acquisition in each of the observed months on the one hand, and with respect to the individual lexical items on the other. A particular emphasis was given on the comparison of active and passive vocabulary with respect to its quantity and qualitative differentiation of its acquisition. The results of the comparison confirmed the thesis about predictability, stages and individual differences in early speech development. At the same time, it confirmed the fact that the later onset of production and smaller active vocabulary at early age, considering a higher degree of comprehension is present in one child, draws level with the other child who showed higher values for active vocabulary, but was characterized by a smaller degree of qualitative differentiation of comprehension. The lexical linguistic worldview of both girls was similar in my ways; although, it also reflected their individual life experiences, and there were also overlaps with regard to the linguistic worldview of children who were in the earliest stages of acquiring the Slovak language, determined on the basis of a large TEKOS I sample.

More...

Výzkum úrovně dekódování a porozumění textu u žáků 2. stupně základních škol

Author(s): Ivana Gejgušová,Radana Metelková Svobodová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The study evaluates the results of a research the aim of which was to verify the usability of a reading assessment instrument designed to determine the level of reading technique and text comprehension among pupils of the 6th to 8th grades of primary schools. Data on reading speed, eye movements and reading accuracy were obtained using an eye tracker. The research investigation confirmed the usability of the reading assessment instrument for both determining the level of reading technique and text comprehension in the monitored age category of primary school pupils, and for evaluating the reading performance of pupils with a specific learning disability.

More...

Cizí jazyk jako cesta k porozumění: Konceptualizace terapeutického přístupu odvozená z práce s cizojazyčnými páry

Author(s): Dominika Čechová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

Psychotherapy involving intercultural couples necessitates a heightened sensitivity and profound comprehension of cultural and linguistic disparities. A pivotal aspect of this process is the utilization of a third language, which serves as a vital tool for fostering mutual understanding and effective communication between partners. The circumstance wherein each individual in the couple— oftentimes including the therapist—originates from distinct cultures and employs different languages accentuates various facets of individuality, gender dynamics, familial influences, and cultural differences. These elements of ‘otherness’ within the couple dynamic, which may be inadvertently disregarded in monolingual therapies, come to the forefront when working with multicultural couples. Consequently, engaging with couples who communicate in a foreign language unveils a previously unnoticed ‘blind spot’ within the therapeutic framework, offering valuable insights for practitioners involved in monolingual therapeutic approaches.

More...