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SCHÉMAS DE REPRÉSENTATIONS DES IMAGINAIRES ET SIGNIFIANTS CULTURELS ET GESTION DES INDICES DE SOUFFRANCE PSYCHIQUE DE L’ENFANT HANDICAPÉ EN AFRIQUE

Author(s): Joachen Banindjel / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

This research aims to show the impact of patterns of representations of imaginaries and cultural signifiers in the psychic suffering of children living with a disability. Indeed, in traditional African societies, the child occupies a privileged place and status which is inspired by its origins linked to the representations of imaginaries and cultural signifiers, which are related to those of the parents and the community. Despite this status and this place, the child with a disability finds himself in a difficult situation, because of his deficiency, his incapacity, his difficulty in participating in social life and psychological suffering which are the result of belonging to two diametrically opposed universes. If in this situation we do not conceive or name the psychic suffering of the child, the imagination and popular language are nonetheless full of characterizations of the malaise and the suffering of the child. The final situation that emerges from this research is that if psychic suffering can be considered as an indelible mark in a mentally disturbed and physically inoperative subject, the therapist can, through well-organized ritual practices, play the role of mediator between the visible world and the invisible world in order to reactivate and revitalize the psychic authorities of the sick subject and thus facilitate his integration into the society of the living.

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Przesiewowe badanie funkcji językowych i poznawczych seniora z perspektywy logopedy

Author(s): Justyna Antczak-Kujawin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2024

The article discusses the impact of physiological and pathological aging on auditory, cognitive and linguistic functions. The importance of screening tests of seniors’ cognitive and linguistic functions was emphasized and the elements of screening gerontologopedic diagnosis were discussed in order to preliminarily identify the risk of cognitive and linguistic disorders. The paper describes the results of a speech therapy screening examination of a 61‑year‑old patient using original experimental and clinical tests.

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Przeżywanie diagnozy opóźnionego rozwoju mowy przez rodziców dzieci z zaburzeniami językowymi o nieznanej etiologii. Badanie fenomenologiczne

Author(s): Magdalena Knapek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2024

The text consists of four parts. The first one discusses the phenomenon of delayed speech development, as well as how parents experience the diagnosis of various diseases and disorders in their children. Then, the author presents the methodology of the phenomenological study. The third part discusses the results obtained as part of the study so that they can be compared with other works of this type at the end of the article.

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Rola koordynatora/specjalisty w procesie diagnostyczno-terapeutycznym dziecka z mutyzmem wybiórczym (MW)

Author(s): Renata Marciniak-Firadza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2024

Wide-ranging assistance to a child with SM should comprise, among other things, the roles of the keyworker/specialist. The aim of this article is to discuss the role of keyworker/specialist in the diagnosis and therapy of a child with selective mutism to identify the areas of their influence and tasks which they face. Therapeutic influence of a keyworker/specialist include: 1) coordinating the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process; 2) strengthening the child’s sense of security; 3) enabling the child to interact with others; 4) supporting the child’s autonomy, privacy, agency and independence; 5) strengthening the sense of competence; 6) fostering openness to new experiences and challenges; 7) allowing the child to experience failure by teaching the child to cope with defeat and setbacks; 8) developing and strengthening the child’s sense of self-esteem. A keyworker/specialist aware of his or her role and equipped with adequate knowledge of selective mutism can wisely and responsibly support a child in the treatment of speech anxiety, especially when they can count on the cooperation of the educational institution, educators, teachers and parents of a child with MW.

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Feminizujący trening głosu u transpłciowej dwujęzycznej nastolatki z zaburzeniami sprzężonymi. Studium przypadku

Author(s): Joanna Stempień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2024

Voice feminization therapy may be one of the important stages of gender transition, or gender reassignment done by transgender persons. The aim of such voice training is to obtain more ‘female’ voice through specialized, feminizing techniques, such as elevation of the larynx. Ultimately, distress resulting from gender incongruence between one’s gender identity and one’s sex assigned at birth may be reduced as well. This article investigates a case study of a transgender bilingual adolescent female with multiple disorders: gender dysphoria, depression, Asperger syndrome and hyperacusis. The paper presents the outcomes from the interview, therapy stages, therapeutic techniques used as well as the impact of the patient’s psychophysical condition on the meetings. The patient displayed high motivation and satisfaction with changes observed in her voice. However, despite having mastered all the feminizing techniques, she insisted on continuing the therapy. The standard of care was modified according to her individual needs by, for instance, adapting English practice material – original texts and movie scenes with female characters. Voice feminization at adolescent may provide a sense of progress when other, more invasive procedures are not yet available.

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Impact of working memory and cognitive functioning on specific language impairment (SLI)

Author(s): Tahir Saeed,Samira Tahir / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to investigate the functioning of working memory of children with Speech and Language Impairment (SLI). Method: Two groups of children were selected for the purpose; Children with Speech and Language impairment (SLI) and Typically Developing (TD) children. The SLI group consisted of 15 children (10 male and 5 female) with an age range of 75-154months. The TD children consisted of 23 children (12 male and 11 female) with an age range of 48-190. All children were assessed on the intelligence test followed by a computerized assessment of Short Term Memory (STM) and Working Memory (WM). The assumption was that children with SLI would demonstrate impairments on tasks of working memory compared to typically developing children. Data was analyzed using MANCOVA and t-test by SPSS statistical package. Results: The results indicate that the SLI group showed impairment on the verbal working memory tasks as there was no difference observed between the TD and SLI group on the visual-spatial working memory components. Conclusion: The SLI group showed their weaknesses on tasks measuring phonological short term working memory; whereas no difference was noted on tasks of visual-spatial working memory. These findings may help in the application of intervention strategies for children with SLI.

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Badanie dyskursu użytkowników języka polskiego z diagnozą afazji mieszanej

Author(s): Robert Dębski,Paulina Wójcik-Topór,Urszula Malina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2024

There is still a lack of empirical scientific studies in the literature that focus, in line with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), on analyses of the discourse cohesion of people affected by aphasia, therefore their continuation seems to be of vital importance. This article presents the results of a study that aims to show the cohesion of speech and its disorders together with the grammatical and lexical means of discourse used by patients with mixed aphasia in relation to the type of aphasia, its severity and genre of discourse, as well as to the speech of healthy people. Free speech and descriptive, narrative and procedural discourse were collected using tasks and scripts from the AphasiaBank international database. After the subjects’ utterances had been transcribed and coded to identify and describe measures of cohesion, they were subjected to qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis included measuring the number of cohesion measures and their variation. The results of the study confirm previous findings regarding the overproduction of speech of patients with mixed aphasia with a sensory component, which does not mean that the content they communicate is more comprehensible than that of other subjects. The most frequently observed discourse disorders are due to the occurrence of phonemic and semantic paraphrases, and the greatest difficulties are associated with the use of the verb aspect. Studies have shown that tasks using a series of pictures help maintain the sequence of events, and the majority of realisation disruptions are observed during the creation of a free narrative.

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Propozycja oceny funkcjonowania zmysłu powonienia i stymulacji węchowej dzieci w ramach postępowania logopedycznego w zaburzeniach o różnej etiologii

Author(s): Gabriela Dragun,Ewa Racławska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2024

Smell disorders in neurological patients have been noticed by diagnosticians and therapists from various fields, but it is in only recent years that the sense of smell and the treatment of its disorders have become an important area of research and scientific exploration, also in speech therapy. The presented procedures for examining the sense of smell in children under 2 years of age and for olfactory‑respiratory stimulation serve illustrative purposes. They have been prepared in relation to the latest research, including neuropsychological and neuroanatomical research, and result from therapeutic experience in working with speech therapy patients with olfactory disorders. Research and observations conducted on a group of 100 children with developmental difficulties and without reflexes indicating correct reception of olfactory stimuli clearly indicate that the problem of olfactory disorders affects a very large group of children and has an impact on the overall functioning of a small person from the first moments of his or her life. Proposed diagnostic and therapeutic procedure protocol in olfactory disorders was developed and then used in the period 04/2022–04/2023 on patients aged 3 to 24 months at the Ołtaszynek Children’s Day Rehabilitation Center in Wrocław. The evaluation of the activities proves the effectiveness of the procedures used in terms of triggering reflexes accompanying the perception of odours, including the appearance of the nasal respiratory tract.

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Holistyczno‑socjoekologiczny model profilaktyki giełkotu. Założenia – cele – wyzwania

Author(s): Monika Kaźmierczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2024

It is not only in Poland that the necessity of supplementing and disseminating knowledge about the still little‑known linguistic and communication phenomenon of cluttering is recognised. This is important both for people who clutter and the environment in which they live. The article discusses the main goals and assumptions of cluttering prevention. The proposed holistic‑socioecological model shows the scale of needs and challenges faced by speech therapists, people who clutter, and their environment. The article stresses that valuable initiatives in the area of cluttering prevention are already underway and that there is a need to continue and expand them in the future.

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Nazywanie emocji przez dzieci z ASD jako problem interdyscyplinarny

Author(s): Elżbieta Sadowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2024

Symptoms of emotional disorders may be very diverse in people with ASD. Although emotional development disorders tend to largely affect social interactions, there is a noticeable paucity of research with rich source material on the emotional competence of Polish‑speaking people with ASD conducted in the field of linguistics. The problem of naming emotions is particularly interesting from the point of view of speech therapy. The aim of the article is to discuss methods of testing the ability to name emotions in various scientific disciplines, considering the capabilities and limitations of people with ASD.

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JAZYK DIEŤAŤA VO VÝSKUMOCH APLIKOVANEJ LINGVISTIKY

Author(s): Ľudmila Liptáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

This article is an overview. Its aim is to provide readers with an overview of the most important research on child language development in Slovak, Czech and wider global context. The focus is on research on children’s word formation, within which we are also going to present our own research fi ndings. Children’s linguistic knowledge and abilities are the subject of research in a branch of applied linguistics – developmental linguistics. Within developmental linguistics, subfi elds focusing on research on child language, such as developmental word formation, are established. Research on child language development also provides useful information for theoretical linguistics, as it points to tendencies in language ontogenesis that can be correlated with dynamic processes in language itself. Knowledge of children’s language is also relevant to educational linguistics, which taps into linguistic research fi ndings to advance language teaching.

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Samoocena polskojęzycznych studentów w kierunku giełkotu – wstępne wyniki badań

Author(s): Monika Kaźmierczak,Julia Golańska,Natalia Jurkowska,Małgorzata Krzemińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

It is not only in Poland that the need to initiate new research on cluttering and disseminate up-to-date reliable knowledge on this phenomenon is recognised. The main aim of the research was to identify whether young adults notice in themselves any characteristics of cluttering, and if so, which ones, and with what severity. The study involved N = 726 Polish-speaking students from 54 higher education institutions, including: n = 638 (87.8%) non-logopaedics/non-speech therapy students and n = 88 (12.2%) logopaedics/speech therapy students. In the survey Forms questionnaire was used, developed by Monika Kaźmierczak on the basis of the Predictive Cluttering Inventory and the COCAF-4 Checklist of Cluttering & Associated Features. The analysis of the self-assessment results identified three groups of respondents with: I – slight, II – moderate and III – high severity of the features of cluttering. The vast majority of respondents have never heard of cluttering and are unfamiliar with this linguistic and communicative phenomenon. Therefore, any action aimed at raising awareness of cluttering among students is vital.

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ВКЛАД А. А. ШАХМАТОВА В РАЗВИТИЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ И МЕТОДОЛОГИИ

Author(s): Elena Sirota / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the intensified interest of modern linguists in the history of the formation of Russian grammar, as well as syntactic typology and methodology. The aim of the work is to study the theoretical heritage of A. A. Shakhmatov and to evaluate the scientist’s role in the formation of Russian and European linguistics. The purpose has determined the consideration of the following problems: A. A. Shakhmatov’s contribution to the development of classical and non-classical linguistics, the scientist’s innovative description of the syntactic tier of language, his original ideas on the study of the grammatical classes of words, the doctrine of grammatical category, the analysis of linguistic facts not only from synchronic but also from diachronic points of view. The theoretical significance of the study consists in revealing the most important provisions of A. A. Shakhmatov’s theory and their significance for the development of European linguistics. The practical significance is associated with the possibility of applying the results of the study in teaching syntax, morphology, lexicology, and lexicography of the Russian language, as well as the disciplines “General Linguistics”, “History of the Russian Language”, or “Methods of Teaching the Russian Language”.

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Exploring Enjoyment and Flow among Monolingual and Bilingual Learners of English

Author(s): Enikő Biró,Balázs Kató / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Emotions play a prominent role in foreign language learning, with positive emotions, such as enjoyment, gaining significant attention in recent years. Enjoyment has been identified as a strong predictor of flow experiences as learners progress to more advanced levels in their language studies (Dewaele and MacIntyre 2022). This study aims to explore the factors that trigger enjoyment, which also serve as components of flow as originally defined by Csikszentmihályi (1975). Adopting a qualitative approach within the framework of positive psychology and flow theory, we empirically examined the antecedent conditions of flow in an online sample of 216 language learners from three different settings: two monolingual contexts (Hungary and Poland) and one bilingual context (Transylvania, Romania). We investigated whether there are differences in the experiences of enjoyment and flow between monolingual and bilingual students. Data were collected through online surveys where participants recounted memorable and enjoyable English language learning experiences. Using content analysis, we explored the close connection between enjoyment and flow in learners’ narratives. We described patterns of flow components, which further emphasize the role of enjoyment in language learning. The findings, illustrated by participants’ reports, highlight factors that align with flow states, including a sense of complete involvement in tasks, intense focus, joy, loss of sense of time/place, and spontaneous connection with peers and teachers. The results suggest that while enhanced enjoyment and flow are significant in foreign language learning, they are not necessarily linked to being a bilingual language learner.

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Interventions for children with Developmental Language Disorder that target oral pragmatic language: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the Hows and Whys in single-case design studies

Author(s): Kristine M. Jensen De López,Jelena Kuvač Kraljević,Emilie Bang Struntz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study presents a review of interventions targeting the oral pragmatic language abilities of children with developmental language disorder (DLD), as well as an overview of the ingredients and teaching techniques used to provide changes, determine the setting and dosage, test the efficacy of the intervention, and measure the quality of the studies. The review adheres to regulations outlined in the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Seven electronic databases were searched using appropriate search terms. Only single-case studies (AB, ABA, interrupted time series, alternating treatment, multiple baseline designs, and non-experimental case designs) were included. All included papers were published between 2006 and 2020. The age range of participants was 3 to 18 years and included participants who were either formally diagnosed with DLD or met the criteria for language disorder. Studies where oral pragmatic language was measured as an outcome variable were included and appraised using Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies (RoBANS). Eleven studies were included in the final analysis: these studies reported on interventions in the domain of pragmatic language for children with DLD aged 3 to 9 years. Seven of the interventions targeted conversational skills, while the remaining four targeted narrative skills. All studies used prompting or modelling techniques to enhance pragmatic abilities selected for change such as initiation, response, turn-taking, topic management, adaption to listener knowledge, and the ability to build sequences. Several of the children in the studies improved their pragmatic skills after undergoing the intervention, however individual differences were noted. All interventions were carried out in the children’s schools and varied in terms of duration. The quality of the studies included was medium. Due to the diversity observed among the studies regarding oral pragmatic outcome measures that were used to evaluate changes, as well as the ingredients and teaching techniques used, it was difficult to draw precise conclusions about recommendations for practitioners based on the included studies. Although several interventions reported moderate changes in conversational and narrative skills, as well as good social validity, the findings are considered weak because of the lack of ecological validity.

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Obtaining informed consent from people with dyslexia: the role of easy language

Author(s): Marija Jozipović,Mirjana Lenček / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Obtaining informed consent is a standard procedure in research practice. However, it is not sufficient, even if an individual chooses to participate voluntarily in research process, for the researchers to be able to claim that they have obtained informed consent. The consent must be of sufficiently ‘high quality’: it must not only be informed, but also valid, i.e., it must contain the following three elements: adequate information, voluntariness, and competence. Although preparing informed consent is a difficult process in general, it is particularly challenging when working with certain populations, such as clinical groups who have language and literacy difficulties, e.g., dyslexia. A lack of understanding of the basis and specific characteristics of this disorder can have negative effects on people with dyslexia (PwD) such as in the form of unwanted misunderstandings, psychological stress, negative effects on their learning processes, as well as unethical treatment in the research process. Studies have shown that PwD can be particularly vulnerable to research that might exploit, imply, or attribute unsafe practices to them and their difficulties, especially in connection with research recommendations that require written informed consent. Easy language refers to the language adaptation of a text to facilitate both reading and comprehension, particularly for PwD. Therefore, the use of the easy language guidelines for language adaptation and graphical adjustment is important when obtaining informed consent from PwD.

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Tra pensiero e azione. Appelli interiori e bene morale

Author(s): Giovanni Grandi / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2023

The essay examines the psychological dynamics of failed moral action through the anthropological analysis developed by ancient philosophical-theological thought. The progression in giving in to evil often appears as a surprising process even for those who do it. The ancient insistence on the importance of inner vigilance derives precisely from the awareness of the subtle inner dynamics, from which evil and violent actions are generated. The ancient theory on the genesis of evil behavior shows, by contrast, the possibility of cultivating inner resistance, which can be at the origin of restorative actions, in which the person can once again experience his own dignity and capacity for good.

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Od slova do značenja – čitanjem do funkcionalne pismenosti

Author(s): Nudžejma Spahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2024

Review of: Mirela Omerović – Leila Hamzagić Kovačević, Jezička djelatnost čitanja – temelj funkcionalne pismenosti, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Pedagoški fakultet, Sarajevo, 2024, 265 str.).

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Nosowanie i jego synonimy w profesjolekcie logopedycznym, dawnej i współczesnej polszczyźnie ogólnej oraz w gwarach. Określenia człowieka mówiącego przez nos

Author(s): Marceli Olma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2024

The paper belongs to linguistic research devoted to the terminology used in speech therapy. The author discusses lexemes referring to pathological pronunciation accompanied by abnormal nasal resonance. He indicates and discusses words of foreign origin (mainly Hellenisms and Latinisms) as well as using native words taken from dictionaries and studies devoted to the old Polish language and dialects. Moreover, he mentions names referring to a man who speaks indistinctly, through his nose, citing common words and anthroponyms that remain a testimony to the sensitivity and linguistic culture of our ancestors.

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Lexical synesthesia in Croatian

Author(s): Tatjana Pišković,Antea Hrenović / Language(s): English Issue: 98/2024

In the first part of the paper, we highlight fundamental insights into synesthesia as a neurological phenomenon and then focus on the linguistic interpretation of synesthesia as a lexical mechanism. In neurology synesthesia denotes a specific and rare human ability of joint perception which emerges from a congenital ability to integrate sensations. Neurologists single out five basic manifestations of neurological synesthesia: colored sequences, colored music, affective perceptions, nonvisual couplings and spatial sequences. The main impetus for neurological synesthesia is language, but neurological synesthesia is not the cognitive source for lexical synesthesia. Neurological synesthesia is the ability among the rare individuals to join together the sensations from various sensory domains into one unique sensation. Lexical synesthesia is the general language mechanism which enables the creation of secondary meanings of polysemous lexemes. We understand lexical synesthesia as the syntagmatic connection of the words whose primary lexical meanings relate to different sensory domains, whereby one of the elements of the syntagm retains its primary meaning while the other activates its secondary meaning and leaves its primary sensory domain. Research into lexical synesthesia is most often based on extracting congruent syntagms of adjectives and nouns from dictionaries and corpora of general language. On the basis of the Croatian syntagms extracted that comprise an adjective and a noun (e.g. topao glas ‘warm voice’, hladne boje ‘cold colors’, kiseo osmijeh ‘sour smile’, sladak miris ‘sweet smell’) we isolated the types of synesthetic transfer in Croatian and determined their frequency. Inspired by Stephen Ullmann’s insights into the dominant tendencies in the synesthetic transfers, we created hierarchy of sensory modalities for Croatian language: TOUCH→ TASTE → SMELL→ SIGHT→ HEARING.

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