КОНЦЕПТИ «КОХАННЯ» ТА «ШЛЮБ» В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВНІЙ КАРТИНІ СВІТУ

Author(s): Svitlana Formanova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concepts of "love" and "marriage" originally as manifestations of the social organization of a society that connects individuals with one another, and its implementation in the Ukrainian language picture of the world. The author analyzes these concepts on the material of the works of Lina Kostenko. It is proved that the verbalized concepts of "love" and "marriage" produce the conceptual information contained in the verbal means of expression. It is stated that the means of expression of the above concepts are multilevel linguistic units, such as: separate tokens, terminological conjunctions, conventional metaphors, established linguistic expressions, paremia, linguistic cliches, etc. It has been determined that the culture of love and family relations in the Ukrainian language picture of the world is closely linked to verbal (literary and everyday) expressions. In the speech of love, the law of speech amplification of emotion works: the statement of emotion enhances the emotion itself, and sometimes even creates it. The linguistic representation of love is embodied in the culturally deterministic means of their verbal expression and is the main explicators of the ideas that have formed in Ukrainian culture regarding this feeling. It has been traced that one of the spheres of human activity that is clearly reflected in phraseology is love, marriage, family, family relations. This is why universal concepts include concepts such as love, betrothal, marriage, marriage, family, family relationships, which form a broad semantic field, or a semantic group consisting of smaller phrase-groups according to the name of the concepts.

Woman as a Work of Art. Journalistic Opinions from the Interwar Epoch

Author(s): Fănel Teodorașcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Among the novelties brought by the interwar years to the Romanian society, there was thebelief that any woman can be beautiful. The problem of lacking natural beauty had becomesomething easy to solve, by using a few cosmetic products, by frequently visiting the beauty centersand by replacing old clothes with some new en vogue ones, according to the latest fashion of theEuropean cities. Those women, who were already beautiful, would have become even more beautiful,if they had followed the beauty secrets, secrets which could be discovered in the columns of thenewspapers and magazines. Some men from that very epoch even stated that some women could beconsidered real works of art. This is exactly what interests us mostly in the current research. Thus, we aimed at analysing what was written in some Romanian interwar newspapers in connection to the idea that woman’s knowledge of being beautiful can be considered a form of art.

O internacjonalizacji imiennictwa

Author(s): S. D. / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2024

Analysing Impactful Slogans in WHO’s Immunisation Campaigns: Study on Linguistic Strategies for Promoting Vaccination

Author(s): Pavel Skorupa,Alisa Stunžaitė,Tatjana Dubovičienė / Language(s): English Issue: 45 (50)/2024

Utilising the content and discourse analyses, the article aims to reveal the shared rhetorical linguistic tactics employed in 16 slogans from WHO’s Immunisation Week campaigns (2013–2023) to proficiently communicate messages. Slogans are vital for promoting vaccination in public health initiatives. The analysis reveals graphical, phonological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic features of slogans. Graphically, partial capitalisation and hashtags enhance visibility and engagement. Phonological features include alliteration and assonance, creating memorable rhythms. Lexically, inclusive language and action verbs motivate and persuade. Syntactically, imperative verbs, parallel structures, repetitions, and ellipses enhance impact and memorability. Semantically, puns, personifications, metaphors, and antitheses add depth and engage the audience. The findings inform future campaigns, facilitating the development of impactful slogans to combat vaccine-preventable diseases.

The Metaphorical Perceptions of English Preparatory Program Students on English Learning Process

Author(s): Burcu Ünyilmaz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Metaphors have been handy tools to elicit the beliefs of individuals towards a subject that provides a means to explore individuals’ deeper thoughts on a particular topic. This study aims to investigate university students’ perceptions towards their English learning process through metaphors. The participants are 114 students studying English in school of foreign languages in a public university. Employing a semistructured form, the participants were asked to complete the sentence: “The English learning process is (like) …. because .…” to collect data in this qualitative study. 13 thematic categories were produced after the analysis: endeavor, continuity, obscurity, novelty, fun, obligation, choice, period of life, difficulty, activity, hopelessness, happiness, and opportunity. The results of the study indicate that the participants have logical and realistic thoughts on learning English process, regarding it as an ongoing journey towards becoming successful individuals. The findings of this study are expected to bring deeper insights into learners’ expectations and perspectives on language learning that offer guidance for curriculum and material designers in producing effective educational materials.

Zcela bez iluzí: Gramatická přijatelnost českých vět s tzv. atrakcí shody

Author(s): Radim Lacina / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The phenomenon of agreement attraction has garnered considerable attention in the psycholinguistic literature on both production and comprehension. In production, it has been found that in English, sentences such as *The key to the cabinets were rusty are produced as speech errors by native speakers. In comprehension, researchers have found evidence of people mistakenly considering these sentences to be grammatical. This illusion of grammaticality is said to be caused by the presence of the plural‑matching attractor noun cabinets. The effect has been observed in many languages. In the current study, we attempted to replicate it for Czech. We ran an untimed acceptability judgement study to do this. While Czech speakers consistently noticed the ungrammaticality of these sentences, they came under no illusion and the number of the attractor noun was found to have no effect. This raises questions about the universality of this phenomenon.

Infinite Singletons and the Default Mode Network

Author(s): Giulia Battilotti,Miloš Borozan,Rosapia Lauro Grotto / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In the present contribution we sketch an interpretation of the characterizing aspects of processing taking place in the Default Mode Network based on a formal logic model of the psychoanalytic theory. In particular, we apply a logical model of the structural Freudian Unconscious as described in the so-called Bi-Logic introduced by the Chilean psychoanalyst I. Matte Blanco. We ground our proposal in the original Freudian proposal concerning the distinction between object and wordpresentation, and we devise a formal logical model of this distinction in order to explaining some structural invariances of the psychoanalytic view of mental processes on one hand and some recent evidenceson the processes of the Default Mode Network on other. Finally, some clinical implications of the model are discussed.

The Power of Inherited Language in Multilingual Adults. Survey Study

Author(s): Iwona Loewe / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The considerations in this article arefocused on the phenomenon of widespread multi-lingualism in Europe and the increasing number ofmultilingual adults. A language biography was used asa research tool to access languages in dreams, prayerand thought. The study was conducted on 68 multi-lingual people. The following results were obtained:regardless of the bilinguals’ age and country of resi-dence, inheritance languages appear in the major-ity of the respondents (50/68) in dreams. An evengreater proportion in favour of inheritance languageswas observed in relation to the language of prayer orthought (50/60). The study confirms the hypothesisthat inheritance language is a reservoir of childhoodexperiences and resurfaces actively in emotional andpersonal activities performed by bilinguals.

The role of prosodic information in silent reading: An eye–tracking study

Author(s): Kristina Cergol,Marijan Palmović / Language(s): English Issue: 97/2024

A century old intuition about the “inner voice” that accompanies silent reading is nowadays formulated as the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis (IPH) emphasizing the role prosody plays in silent reading comprehension. To test the IPH, an eye–tracking corpus was set up and analysed. Th e corpus consisted of eye–tracking data collected in natural reading, i.e. on text materials not experimentally manipulated. Th e corpus included a short story that participants, unbalanced Croatian–English bilinguals, read in Croatian and English. Th e eye–tracking data corroborate the IPH, but only in English, while in Croatian the results are less clear. Th e participants’ gaze was more linked to the content words rather than the prosodic information, but only for fi xation durations, not their counts. Arguably, these results refl ect diff erences in stress and grammatical structures between Croatian and English.

О средствах художественной выразительности в инновационном аспекте: особенности их употребления и роль

Author(s): Inna Titarenko-Kachura / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

Speech means of artistic expression in their formation and development depend on both interlinguistic and extralinguistic factors. The article is devoted to the consideration of the peculiarities of the use of the above-mentioned means as word-formation and semantic innovations in the context of the era and idiostyle of writers.

Инновативные подходы к восприятию и трактовке языковых особенностей текста художественного произведения

Author(s): Inna Titarenko-Kachura / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

Based on the linguo-philosophical principle in the perception and interpretation of the text of a work of art, the author of this article proposes an innovative approach consisting in updating a number of aspects: considering paradox, time, meaning, etс.

How to Express Boredom via Intonation in Kurdish with Special Reference to English

Author(s): Safwat Al-Bazzaz,Sarkawt Muhammad Qadir / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2024

The present study examines the contribution of intonation to the vocal expressions of boredom in utterances. It begins by providing a theoretical overview of the role intonation plays in conveying emotions or attitudes. Further, it outlines the tonetic aspects, pitch characteristics, and other prosodic factors that participate in conveying boredom in English depending on the literature available. The study then turns to analysing sixteen tone groups taken from three Kurdish films and recorded materials of everyday spoken Kurdish. It tests and underscores the tonetic aspects and pitch characteristics of these chosen tone groups used for the expression of boredom, relying on six parameters, namely the syntactic category, the height of the pre-head, the height of the head, the tone used, the pitch range, and the key. The role of all these intonation factors is investigated. Special reference is also made to other factors such as loudness, speed of speaking, and paralinguistic features. The work shows that the cues used to convey boredom vary, although pitch and pitch variation become dominant and central. Among all the intonation cues used to express boredom, pitch range, and tone are the most relevant and useful cues.

METAPHOR FEATURES AND THE INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ON THE COMPREHENSION OF NON-LITERARY METAPHORS

Author(s): Katarina Milenković,Dušan M. Stamenković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Given that the use and comprehension of figurative language is one of the most intriguing abilities of the mind, this study extends the line of research related to the process of understanding figurative language to individual differences. The starting assumption is that individual differences affect our ability to understand figurative language, focusing on fluid and crystallized intelligence. These types of intelligence were measured in relation to the ability t1o understand metaphors, and their influence was investigated indirectly, through tests that reliably examine both types of intelligence. The research investigates non-literary metaphors in the Serbian language, normed according to the following dimensions: metaphoricity, aptness, and familiarity. This study seeks to show whether and to what extent fluid and/or crystallized intelligence influence the process of understanding non-literary metaphors normed according to different features. Through selected verbal and non-verbal tests, Raven’s progressive matrices (Raven, 1938), semantic similarities test (Stamenković, Ichien, & Holyoak, 2019a), as well as a non-literary metaphor comprehension test, it is determined in which way fluid and crystallized intelligence play roles in the process of metaphor comprehension, as well as which possible cognitive mechanism allows us to process metaphors. The results show that the comprehension of non-literary metaphors mostly relies on crystallized intelligence, while fluid intelligence seems to be employed in individual cases, only with some groups of metaphors.

THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOLECTS: A STUDY ON SERGIO ATZENI’S LANGUAGE

Author(s): Sara CORPINO / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article tackles the topic of idiolects and their translation. According to Catford (1965), SL texts and items are more or less translatable rather than absolutely translatable or untranslatable. There are also linguists stating that we all speak a different language. For example, Hofstadter (2009) suggests that we all have a personal language, our idiolect. Crystal (2003) defines idiolect as “one’s personal dialect”, while Wales (2001) even talks about it as the equivalent of a fingerprint. With reference to translation, considering that words are a form of translation in themselves – as they translate thoughts and feelings into speeches or texts – the distance between the source version and the target one becomes even longer. The aim of this article is to propose some reflections on the concept of cultural untranslatability in the translation field by presenting a corpus and demonstrating how some words or expressions could be interpreted – and then translated – in one or more different ways, according to the semantic meaning they are attributed

HUMORISTISCHE WERBESPRACHE IN PROJEKTEN ZUR MÜLLVERMEIDUNG UND -ENTSORGUNG IM ÖSTERREICHISCHEN SPRACHRAUM

Author(s): Miruna Ivanov / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

Advertisement, respectively media-advertisement is an essential component of the marketing domain, considered to be an instrument in this process of communication. The advertising company is supposed to make significant decisions, one of them referring to the choice of a specific content of its advertising message, that includes both linguistic and visual elements. In addition to that, if the advertisement is persuasively designed using puns or language games, the advertisement can emotionally activate the consumer, catching their attention and promoting awareness. As part of an Austrian initiative for an environmental advertisement campaign, a group of girl and boy scouts from Wels, Austria have created different advertisement posters about the avoidance of waste production and storage (a campaign which initially began in 2009). The analysis of these advertisement posters represents my research methodology from a pragmalinguistic perspective, and the results of my analysis have been convincing: the linguistic elements used for persuasion included, for example language games with a certain phonetic twist, spelling changes or an allusion to well-known fairy tales.

Oswajanie jako akt retoryczny (analiza językowa na przykładzie wypowiedzi z czasów pandemii postulujących oswojenie kryzysu)

Author(s): Elżbieta Wierzbicka-Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article characterises the rhetorical act of taming phenomena that pose a threat to health or life and arouse fear caused by the inability to cope with a dangerous situation. The analysis of statements from the time of the pandemic, which contained the verb oswajać used in various forms, allowed attention to be drawn to the semantic evolution of this lexeme, as a result of which, at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a third meaning of the verb oswajać appeared in Polish, previously unlisted in dictionaries. At the same time, the article characterises the rhetorical act as a communicative event, which requires a different research procedure than the one used in speech act theory. The application of this procedure to the act of taming confirmed the possibility of its future use in linguistic research.

ASPECTE COGNITIVE ȘI MIJLOACE DE MANIFESTARE ALE ENTITĂȚII EMOȚIONALE DIN CADRUL PARADIGMEI APRECIATIVE

Author(s): Victoria Barcaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

In conjunction with the development of interdisciplinary studies in linguistics (language philosophy, psychology, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, etc.), scientists have undertaken multiple research directions, aimed at elucidating various aspects related to the interaction between language and ontic reality. The increasingly obvious role of the anthropocentric paradigm has directed modern linguistics beyond the multitude of disciplines related to linguistics, to completely new avenues of research. In the modern literature it is issued the idea that any statement can contain both the basic aspect, which is the logical-objective, and the emotional-appreciative; in other words, the logical content transmits certain information, while the emotional-appreciative one highlights the position of the speaking subject towards the received information. The amazing variety of linguistic means capable of externalizing a wide range of affective states belong to a multidimensional paradigm at the lexical, morphological, syntactic, stylistic level, etc., thus favoring sound arguments for consolidating the pan-emotional theory, according to which every expresses word in a language carries an emotional connotation. A pragmatic investigation of the subject matter analyzes what concerns the individual imaginary world of individuals based on their own experiences and perceptions, rather than real world phenomena. In the present approach, we set out to analyze the emotional reactions generated by psycho-emotional states. Such a reaction would be, in our opinion, explicit or implicit, the emotional reply, related to the notion of appreciation as a component of the modal system expressed in speech. Based on modern research, the subjective attitude of individuals is examined in direct connection with the practice of speech, as an inherent part of it.

TAXONOMIA CONCEPTULUI DE IMAGINAR PRIN PRISMA INTERCULTURALITĂȚII

Author(s): Mihaela IOVU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

In anthropological, psychological, cultural studies, etc., the imaginary is considered to be a part of the human psyche that refers to the images, symbols and mental representations existing in the human brain due to knowledge of the world. It is about images, thoughts, dreams, fantasies and other forms of abstract mental representation. It is for this reason that the imaginary is widely used in literary creation, especially in the poetic works of authors around the world. The present study focuses on the analysis and synthesis of some definitions of the concept of imaginary, from the perspective of linguists, literary critics, translators, but also from sources such as dictionaries, in order to outline as clearly as possible, the essence of the given concept. We resort to a series of classifications of image types, starting from the interdisciplinary dimension of the given concept. For example, from the point of view of perception, we can talk about visual images, auditory images, tactile images, olfactory images, etc. This and other image classification possibilities proposed by various specialists will be presented in the next study. We set out to identify in this investigation the tangents that emerge between interculturality and perception, understanding and use of the concept of the imaginary, in order to increase the popularity of this idea and to make us aware of the fact that the imaginary is a component of the literature we read but also more importantly, it is a special side of our creative thinking.

Wybrane aspekty pojmowania czasu przez osoby z ASD

Author(s): Marta Korendo,Ewa Zmuda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2024

The article aims to show selected aspects of understanding the category of time by people on the autism spectrum. The specificity of time processing and perception by these people has been shown against the background of neurobiological and cultural conditions. The authors review the literature on the neurobiology of time and the cultural understanding and determination of time. They draw attention to the need to deepen the research on time processing by patients with ASD due to the importance of this skill for cognitive and social functioning of both children and adults. Based on a case study, special attention was given to was also paid to the problem of treating time as a stereotypy/fixation by people on the spectrum, which may signal complex reasons for differences in the processing and understanding of time, relating, among others, to adaptive abilities, communication difficulties or cognitive mechanisms. The research review and case analysis clearly indicate the need to conduct population research and include the problem in question in the scope of therapy for people on the autism spectrum.

DOCTOR-PATIENT COMMUNICATION IN KOSOVO HEALTHCARE SERVICES: A LINGUISTIC CASE STUDY OF DOCTORS’ PERCEPTIONS

Author(s): Labinot Krasniqi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This case study examines the perceptions of doctors in Kosovo institutions regarding doctor-patient communication from a linguistic perspective. A sample of doctors participated in the study by completing a questionnaire with 16 items, 14 of which had yes-or-no answers, and 2 of which were open-ended. The study found that doctors generally have a positive perception of doctor-patient communication in Kosovo, but they also face some challenges, including patients' health literacy, administrative issues, and patients' prejudices toward doctors. However, most doctors reported effective communication with their patients by using their names, explaining things in detail, listening to the patient's concerns, and checking for understanding. Patient consultations typically take between 15 to 20 minutes, during which doctors strive to establish a rapport with patients to ensure better treatment outcomes. Although the majority of doctors did not have any complaints about patient communication, some reported issues such as patient impatience, a lack of basic knowledge regarding the patient's health condition, a lack of health education, and resistance from some patients to be honest. These challenges underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve health education in the region. The study highlights the importance of effective communication in the healthcare environment and provides insights into the linguistic aspects of doctor-patient communication in Kosovo healthcare services. It also identifies areas for future research and practice in improving doctorpatient communication, including the development of training programs for healthcare professionals and the implementation of strategies to overcome communication barriers.