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Modalități de dezvoltare a abilităților de comunicare la elevii din familii vulnerabile

Author(s): Oana Preda / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

Within families affected by socio-economic and cultural disadvantage, proper communication situations are infrequent or likely to trigger negative emotional effects. Children growing up in such families are less involved in communicative activities with their parents and may be emotionally inhibited, thus causing mothers to complain about the youngsters’ passivity (Piff, Moskowitz, 2018). Researchers have put forward several methods for preparing parents in disadvantaged families to optimize verbal communication with their children as well as to improve parent-teacher communication. In order to manage the quality of communication in the case of families vulnerable due to socio-economic and cultural disadvantage, pre-school staff, teachers, speech therapists and school counselors should establish personalized programmes meant to develop the communicative abilities of both parents and children

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Achieving High Performance in the Construction Industry: the Case of BAM DLP the Netherlands

Author(s): André de Waal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The construction industry is a significant contributor to the economic development and performance of many countries. At the same time, this industry has long suffered from low productivity, poor project outcomes and disappointing results. The construction industry is therefore in need of a quality upgrade of construction companies so they will be able to achieve better organisational results. Based on a literature review into holistic evaluation and improvement techniques suitable for a systematic appraisal of the quality of construction companies and the subsequent improvement of this quality, the high performance organisation (HPO) framework was chosen for this purpose. It was applied on a construction company in the Netherlands, to evaluate whether the HPO Framework can yield an accurate picture of the current status of this company (i.e. how far along it was towards becoming an HPO) and whether it provides useful indications for improvement. Both were the case, and in fact the outcomes of the application of the framework indicated a high degree of alignment with financial and non-financial results of the case company. As such, the HPO Framework can be designated as a potential useful technique for other construction organisations, both in the Netherlands and in other countries, to help them in their quest for achievement of higher performance.

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Grając w chorobę. Metafory i dosłowności choroby w grach wideo na przykładzie „The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind”

Author(s): Tomasz Gnat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 46/2023

Susan Sontag opens her analysis of disease metaphors with the metaphor of health and disease as dual citizenship in bordering states. Games offer us a pass to reproductions and paraphrases of reality, so we also see here the borderline experience of good health/illness. However, it is worth asking whether in interactive entertainment one can find examples of representations of diseases that do not function as metaphors. Consequently, the aim of this essay is to analyze the metaphors put into practice – virtual life, but perhaps that is why they allow more than the observation of a dangerous pathogen. The main thesis of this essay is the position that games through the basic aspect of the medium – interactivity, often go beyond the “sentimental content” of the representation of the disease. Or at least the process of “sentimentalization” is more complex and is a product of many of the processes that make up the interactive entertainment experience.

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EMPOWERING LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN BULGARIA: DRIVING FISCAL MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Cvetelina Berberova-Valcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The present study represents an attempt to provide a profoundable overview of decentralization as a process in Bulgaria, with a particular focus on its financial aspects. Regional disparities are observed, posing challenges for the current state administration. The aim is to provide a snapshot of the municipalities and their key indicators. This highlights the necessity for local authorities to prioritize financial autonomy, enhance regional capacity for delivering local public services, and invest in human capital, digitization, and attracting local and foreign investors.

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Wpływ ceny kontraktów terminowych EUA i uzyskiwanych z ich sprzedaży środków na inwestycje rządowe państwa polskiego w odnawialne źródła energii w latach 2013–2020

Author(s): Piotr Palac / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2022

The article presents an analysis of the relation between the scale of Polish government investments into renewable energy sources and the price of EUA Futures contracts and funds obtained by Poland from their sale in the years 2013–2020. The goal of the analysis was to check if there is any relationship between the funds obtained from the sale of EUA contracts and Polish government investments in renewable sources of energy. The theoretical section contains a partial research of sources, whereas the analytical part uses the comparative, descriptive and graphic methods, as well as Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study indicate a lack of relationship between the EUA prices and Polish government investments in renewable energy sources in 2013-2020. The study shows that, at that time, about 75% of investments expenditure for renewable energy sources in Poland came from private institutions and business entities and only 7% of the financial outlays came from state-owned energy companies.

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Caricature as a Tool of Freedom of Expression

Author(s): Martin Solík,Martin Lomen,Bianka Francistyová,Dušan Blahút / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Cartoon humour does not provoke reactions of laughter and amusement randomly, immediately, without any particular intention or thought, but because it is dependent on our physical and mental dispositions to perceive and interpret the observed image, which is inherently polysemic. Just as we are able to analyse social interactions and their meanings, we are able to analyse the meanings of images and notice their subjective and objective levels of interpretation. Cartooning is all about perceiving and observing details that we have learned to overlook over time. Cartoon and caricature imply visual, cultural and semantic components, especially the cartoon or otherwise caricatured image, the theme, the content and the humour – the comic, ironic or satirical sphere of life or cultural and artistic expression, taking the form of a joke, anecdote or aphorism. A caricature is a deliberate modification of a phenomenon with the intention of retouching or hyperbolizing some particulars or a single part of the phenomenon. In our study we are concerned with caricature, which not only represents an artistic representation, but can also be a criticism, a tool of propaganda, but primarily represents a tool of freedom of expression.

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Is а Multipolar World Possible аfter February 24 аnd Is There a Place for the EU in It ?

Author(s): Ani Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The present article focuses on the question is a multipolar world possible after 24 February 2022 and what is the place of the EU in this world. The system of international relations established after the Second World War is undergoing its most serious revision with the beginning of Russia’s military actions against Ukraine. The declarative political requests of Russia, China and the countries around them after 24 February 2022 were transformed into real actions, including military ones, which show the ambition and capabilities of these countries to cause discussion about and effect changes in the existing system of international relations. The EU faces serious challenge – will it be able to assert its role as a political pole in a multipolar world. This role implies that the EU consolidates, reforms and extends the scope of the multilateral approach through which it operates to new areas, so that it can help Europeans realize their interests on the global stage and contribute to a more stable multipolar order, maintaining its openness by adherence to cooperation and accepted rules. Therefore, the EU must become a political union with common economic visions and procedures, which will determine whether the EU is part of the forming poles or will have an independent weight. At the same time, the question arises of whether we are ready for a multipolar currency world. The analysis leads to the following conclusions: 1) a multipolar world is possible; 2) the challenge is that the process of forming multipolarity in international relations does not lead to antagonism and fragmentation, but to strengthening the processes of unification and integration; 3) the world is changing rapidly and humanity is entering a new era of deep transformation, which also includes the presence of multipolarity, economic globalization, development of information society, cultural diversity, transformation of the architecture of global governance and world order, as well as increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between countries.

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НАСОКИ В ДЕЙНОСТТА НА ЗЕМЕДЕЛСКОТО МИНИСТЕРСТВО ПРЕЗ МЕЖДУВОЕННИЯ ПЕРИОД – ПРЕДПОСТАВКИ И ФАКТОРИ

Author(s): Rositsa Zlatinska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The text presents and analyzes the work of the Ministry of Agriculture in the interwar period. The history of the Ministry of Agriculture began as early as 1879,when a proposal was made to set up the Ministry of Common Buildings, Agriculture and Commerce, but in practice it did not constitute itself independently. In 1893 the Ministry of Trade and Agriculture was established and it began operating independently. Over the decades, the Ministry of Agriculture has gone through a dood deal of gradual structural and organizational transformations, as well as name changes. However, in terms of its content and functional characteristics, it has always remained one of the main units in the system of state governance in Bulgaria, as an integral part of the executive branch. Its important role is due to the traditional agrarian nature of the economy, as well as the dominance of the rural population in social stratification –essential features of Bulgarian capitalism throughout the 1878–to–1944 period. The main trends in the development of the system of state economic institutions in Bulgaria, including the Ministry of Agriculture, are determined by the domestic and international situation. Various factors have facilitated the process, including the general state of the economic base, internal political events, the ideological economic views of the ruling elite, the personnel potential, the influence of foreign institutional models, the degree of integration of the Bulgarian economy within the framework of the European and world economy, etc. The main guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture are: supporting and encouraging farmers in agriculture, livestock development activities, support for profiled agricultural education, execution of specialized pre-war tasks. The Ministry of Agriculture, since its establishment and during the interwar period, has proved to be a contributing factor in the administrative and management system of the country. What the Ministry of Agriculture achieved during the period under review has contributed to the stabilization, improvement and modernization of agriculture in the country.

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СТОПАНСКАТА КОНЮНКТУРА И ЕТЕРИЧНО-МАСЛЕНАТА ИНДУСТРИЯ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ ВЪВ ВРЕМЕТО НА ВТОРАТА СВЕТОВНА ВОЙНА (1939–1945)

Author(s): Radoslav Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The production of essential oils and specifically rose oil are among the most important, sustainable and profitable areas in the agricultural industry of Bulgaria. Their orientation in the field of luxury, puts them as a preferred business by many entrepreneurs, both in Bulgaria and around the world. The article aims to critically analyze the changes and development trends of the Bulgarian rose production and essential oil industry during the Second World War (1939-1945). In order to achieve more specific results, a comparative approach of industry data from the First World War (1914–1918) compared with information on the development of the sector during the Second World War is applied. During the analyzed period, a significant change took place in the political, economic and social development of the world, which found its projection in the development of Bulgaria and Bulgarian society. The article focuses on the processes in the military economy of Bulgaria related to the rose-oil industry and the drastic changes in the industry.

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ИКОНОМИЧЕСКАТА ПОЛИТИКА В БЪЛГАРИЯ В ГОДИНИТЕ НА ПРЕХОД И ЧЛЕНСТВО В ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪЮЗ

Author(s): Dimitar Zlatinov,Stoyan Shalamanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the economic background that led to the introduction of the Currency Board Arrangements in Bulgaria since 1997 and the fiscal and monetary policies implemented before and after this. We focus on the transformation processes and challenges of the transition to a market economy, which largely predetermine some structural weaknesses of the Bulgarian economy to this day. We trace the institutional features of Currency Board Arrangements and the basic principles of its design, which requires coordination of fiscal and monetary policy measures in Bulgaria. We highlight the channels of quasi-monetary policy that the government possibly can follow through the changes of the government's deposit in the Central bank. This policy feature imposes constraints on the fiscal policy in Bulgaria, which should not put the sustainability of the Currency Board Arrangements at risk. The article also highlights the changes in the national government policy framework resulting from the European Union membership and outlines its capacity to mitigate negative cyclical developments. The atypicality of macroeconomic policy under the Currency Board Arrangements in Bulgaria is highlighted, with a clear tendency to follow a counter-cyclical and stabilisation management strategy. Our analysis shows that the effects of macroeconomic policy depend much more on the overall economic environment in Bulgaria than on the traditional transmission channels of macroeconomic policy. Following the Currency Board Arrangements in Bulgaria, the Bulgarian National Bank has limited possibilities to directly influence the price stability, while on the fiscal policy side there are more channels to influence inflation, which reinforces the notion of the government's ability to conduct quasi-monetary policy. The Central bank actions are much more related to risks stemming from the financial sector itself than they are reactive to changes in the economic environment. In such a situation, the effectiveness of macroeconomic policy can be sought if it facilitates the implementation of structural reforms that have the greatest potential to affect the overall economic environment.

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ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА ВЪНШНИ ШОКОВЕ ВЪРХУ ИКОНОМИКИТЕ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И ХЪРВАТИЯ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ АСПЕКТИ И СЪВРЕМИЕ

Author(s): Sonia Georgieva,Veselina Shalamanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Bulgaria and Croatia are small open economies that are not affected by prices and other macroeconomic variables internationally, but their economic activity depends on external economic trends that have an impact on their local economies. The aim of this paper is to trace and analyse the impact of external shocks on the economies of the two countries under consideration historically through a retrospective economic-historical analysis, which will clarify chronologically how, from similar starting points and potential, the two countries have different degrees of convergence vis-à-vis European Union countries and are moving at different rates of economic growth and development. It traces the impact of exogenous shocks affecting political stability, structural reforms, inflation, fiscal policy, foreign trade relations and other macroeconomic aspects as a consequence of the behaviour of the two countries.

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КОНЦЕПЦИИТЕ НА КЛАСИЧЕСКАТА ПОЛИТИЧЕСКА ИКОНОМИЯ ЗА СТОЙНОСТТА И РЕНТАТА СРЕЩУ МЕЙНСТРИЙМА В ИКОНОМИЧЕСКАТА ТЕОРИЯ

Author(s): Rumen Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

For a long time it was believed that the marginalist revolution rejected classical political economy and created modern economic science. In fact, various problems that had been studied by classical political economy ware completely neglected and unexplored by mainstream economic theory since the marginalist revolution. The purpose of the article is to present facts that classical political economy and mainstream theory after the marginalist revolution explore quite different problems in economic science. Two of the turning point concepts in economic theory are analyzed, that of value and land rent, which are decisive for the foundation of classical political economy. The concept of land rent as part of the distribution is almost absent from mainstream theory, and that of value is taken as an axiom. In Bulgaria, there are studies that present the fundamental differences in the two theories, but without examining the specific concepts of value and rent, which are key to the change in economic theory. The article shows why classical political economy remains relevant by better analyzing contemporary reality. Comparative and historical analysis was used for the needs of the research.

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ФИНАНСОВА АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ В ДОЛНА МИЗИЯ: ОПИТ ЗА ИЗЯСНЯВАНЕ НА ГЕНЕЗИСА И РАЗВИТИЕТО

Author(s): Kalin Stoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the role and function of the Moesian provincial official of the Emperor – the procurator. The sources about the Roman provincial history generally indicate that the procurators were equestrian officers charged with the care of the Emperor's property. The epigraphic data from the province of Lower Moesia (Moesia inferior) do not conclusively show that there was a procurator here who was responsible specifically for the imperial domains. The investigation of the known monuments that mention procuratores leads to the conclusion that the procurator of the vectigalis Illyrici assumed in Lower Moesia the functions of supplying the Roman troops in that part of the Empire, the provinces of Lower Moesia, and some periods mainly the neighbouring lands, as Upper Moesia and Dacia. In Lower Moesia, where strategic territories belonging to the "defense" of the province were available, the transitional period of early Roman power in these lands led to the imposition there of a military administration, which was more it was later merged with the Illyrian vectigalis. Thus, around the time of the Severi, when the vectigal was subordinated to an equestrian procuratoral office, put the end of the short period of economic development in the province of Lower Moesia, understood as the enrichment of some northern Italian families from the border commercial location of the lower Danube lands. By the 3rd century AD this frontier arrangement goes back to the early Roman development, which was entirely subordinated to the army and military affairs.

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АРМИЯ И ИКОНОМИКА. РОЛЯТА НА XI КЛАВДИЕВ ЛЕГИОН В ИКОНОМИЧЕСКОТО РАЗВИТИЕ НА ДУРОСТОРУМ (II – III ВЕК) – ЗЕМЕДЕЛИЕ

Author(s): Svetlana Gancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This article examines the role of the Legion XI Claudia in the development of agriculture in Durostorum in the 2nd-3rd century. To determine its impact, the minimum grain requirements of the legion as well as the civilian population are calculated. On the basis of these data, and at a given yield kg/ha, an attempt is made to calculate the amount of arable land required, and the number of people engaged in feeding the military and civilian population. The proposed calculations show that about 1, 550 tons of grain were needed to supply the grain requirements of the fighting personnel of the XI Claudian Legion (5,240 men) alone for a year, and an additional 241 tons if the quantities for the legion's servants (819 men) were added. Additional quantities of grain must also be provided for the civilian population of Durostorum - over 1,300 or 1,900 tons of grain. Based on these data and with a wheat yield of 385 kg/ha, between 8,000-9 600 ha of land were needed to feed the military and civilian population of Durostorum, and probably as much more set aside. These lands can be cultivated by 1 340-1 600 people.

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ТЪРГОВИЯ И ТЪРГОВСКИ СРЕДИЩА В РАЗГРАД ПРЕЗ XIX ВЕК

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Razgrad is a settlement that grew and developed as an Ottoman city. In this sense, it is a suitable example for the study of demographic, religious, economic and cultural processes and interactions as a counterbalance to settlements with pre-Ottoman roots. The present study focuses on the economic development of the city with an emphasis on the 19th century. The focus of the research will be on the trade and commercial centers that are found in the city during the time period set. In this sense, we will try to answer the question to what extent trade is a marker of economic growth. We attempt to trace their species diversity, ownership, and neighborhood distribution. The examples given in the study regarding trade and the places of trade exchange are a sure indicator of its slow recovery and economic growth in the 19th century. Its economic growth is clearly visible. The available data allow us to talk about a process of gradual densification of the professional and craft profile of the city, covering all spheres of the city's economy. The economic production profile of Razgrad derived in the research does not allow us to single out a narrow specialization of the population in any specific sector. Razgrad's economy is structured in such a way that it aims to cover all economic niches and thus satisfy the comprehensive needs of the Deliorman resident.

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Лишаване от право на пенсия в българската пенсионна система (1944–1993)

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This publication examines and analyzes certain aspects of institutional oppression and social exclusion in the social policy of Bulgaria between 1944–1993, applied to persons deprived of the right to a pension due to „fascist activity“. The separate social-legislative measures and initiatives of the state and political (party) government as part of the penal practices of the socialist (communist) regime are traced. The specific elements characterizing the repressive nature of the system and the ways for its (mitigation) overcoming during the indicated period are derived.

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Analysis of the Developmental Role of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Algeria During the Period 2013–2022

Author(s): Aboubaker Khoualed,Omar Saadallah,Khayreddine Bouzerb / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are among the most crucial institutions, relied upon for the development of countries, especially developing ones. This is due to their role in creating wealth, increasing the gross domestic product (GDP), generating employment, and more. Today, these enterprises have gained a significant position in modern economies, especially in recent years, given their contribution to solving many challenges that larger institutions could not address. This study aims to analyze the extent to which SMEs contribute to the development of the Algerian economy. To achieve this objective, a descriptive approach was adopted to present the theoretical framework and previous studies, in addition to analyzing and discussing various official statistics from 2013 to 2022, relevant to the topic. The study concluded that the contribution of SMEs to the Algerian economy was limited despite improving indicators year after year. This limitation is due to various challenges these enterprises face, most notably issues related to legislation and laws, financing, and industrial real estate. The paper ends with recommendations, including updating the legal framework, activating the role of support bodies, encouraging scientific research, and benefiting from international experience.

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Spatial and Social Dimensions of Roma Segregation and Integration (A Case Study of the City of Kyustendil, Bulgaria)

Author(s): Boris Kazakov,Todor Lyubenov,Nadezhda IlIeva,Kamelia Petkova Tsvetkova-Nedyalkova,Aleksandra Ravnachka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The paper presents the results of an empirical sociological study conducted in the Roma ghettoized urban structure of Kyustendil, Bulgaria. Based on the results of in-depth interviews with representatives of local authorities, educational mediators, informal Roma leaders and representatives of the Roma community living in the neighbourhood, the main socio-economic integration problems were established. Additionally, an analysis of the internal structure of the Roma neighbourhood has been performed, with the use of data obtained from aerial photography (UAV data). Since a significant part of the housing stock in Roma neighbourhoods is illegal, in most cases it is not correctly depicted on cadastral maps. Detailed maps of the current state of the Roma neighbourhood have been created, thus compensating for the lack of precise official data on the current state of the housing stock. GIS have been used to measure, analyze and visualize the spatial relationships, patterns and trends in the changes of the internal structure of the Roma neighbourhood in Kyustendil.

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Проблеми и предизвикателства при производството на електромобили в периода от 1800 г. до днес

Author(s): Erhan Ahmedov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article examines the history of the production of electric cars in the period from 1800 to the present day. The method used is a secondary analysis of published research on the topic. The main conclusions reached are that there is a direct relationship between the rise in the sale of electric cars at high fuel and energy prices and its fall when prices calm down. The second factor that affects the sales of electric cars are the problems related to environmental pollution from conventional cars. The conclusion is that the victory of electric cars over conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines is guaranteed with the decision of the European Parliament to stop the latter’s production and import after 2035.

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ECONOMY AS A BACKGROUND OF CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS: THEORETICAL ASPECTS

Author(s): Volodymyr Prykhodko,Oleksandr Kompaniets / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the economic aspect of international conflicts, in particular the role of the economic component in international conflicts. Individual causes of occurrence, management methods and principles of conflict resolution were studied, in order to structure theoretical knowledge about conflicts and determining the role of economic aspects in the reasons of conflicts, its influence on their course and the possibility of applying of economy as a lever that contributes to the prevention, resolution or minimization of the negative consequences of international conflicts, the search for solutions and the prevention of such in the future, also by taking into account the results of previous scientific studies and using the examples of modern interstate disputes.The main three functions that can be performed by the conflict economy have been defined and the importance of such roles for understanding the nature of the conflict and determining the methodology of its management and resolution has been defined.Authors studied the reasons of actual conflicts to reveal the role of economic aspects of each conflict in order to realize how is economy applied in those conflicts and if it could be as an instrument of aggression or as an instrument of stabilization and resolving the conflict. Also, the nature of conflicts itself was examined to understand if it is possible to find some signs that there is a possibility that a conflict is coming. This understanding could help to prevent the worst consequences of such foreign policy or how to manage it better.Some aspects of the psychology of the conflict were examined. The aim of studying this aspect was to realize which aspects give the possibility to the government to step in the conflict. And how the internal policy of some country could testify that country is preparing to some kind of a conflict.The different systems of internal state organizing were examined to understand which of them is more stable and which one is less stable and could not only move forward to the conflict, but also could be a kind of such conflict.

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