Rola uniwersytetów w rozwoju innowacyjnej gospodarki

Author(s): Barbara Grabińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2016

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest pokazanie znaczenia szkolnictwa wyższego w systemach innowacji wybranych krajów, w kontekście funkcji pełnionych przez uniwersytet: badawczej, dydaktycznej i kształtowania relacji z otoczeniem społeczno‑gospodarczym.PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Zastosowane metody badawcze obejmują krytyczną analizę źródeł literaturowych dotyczących działalności badawczo‑rozwojowej i innowacyjnej oraz standardową analizę parametryczno‑wskaźnikową danych istotnych z punktu widzenia innowacyjności.PROCES WYWODU: Artykuł rozpoczyna się od zaznaczenia zmieniającej się roli uniwersytetów we współczesnym świecie, następnie przedstawiona została istota działalności innowacyjnej i trudności dotyczące jej pomiaru oraz zarys koncepcji Narodowych Systemów Innowacji. Kolejne części dotyczą znaczenia uczelni dla rozwoju innowacyjności w wybranych krajach w przekroju trzech funkcji uniwersytetu.WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Rola sektora szkół wyższych i sektora rządowych jednostek badawczych w prowadzeniu badań podstawowych jest dominująca i niemożliwa do zastąpienia przez sektor przedsiębiorstw, dlatego wysoce niepokojący jest obserwowany spadek wysokości publicznego finansowania badań podstawowych. Największy niewykorzystany potencjał szkolnictwa wyższego dla rozwoju gospodarczego tkwi w zakresie stymulowania powiązań z innymi uczestnikami systemu innowacji.WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Wedle obecnie panujących tendencji większość działań państwa w zakresie polityki innowacyjnej jest skierowanych na pobudzanie innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw (np. poprzez ulgi podatkowe i dotacje), ale niezbędna jest także przemyślana polityka w odniesieniu do szkół wyższych, zwłaszcza jeśli chodzi o publiczne finansowanie badań podstawowych. Analiza działań uniwersytetów w zakresie kształtowania relacji z otoczeniem społeczno‑gospodarczym jest najsłabiej zbadana i istnieje potrzeba wspierania dalszych prac nad metodami pomiaru i wskaźnikami jakościowymi dla tego obszaru.

Patologie w kredytowaniu „VIP-ów”. Studium przypadku

Author(s): Andrzej Kucharewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

This elaboration applies to analysis of investigation concerning pathology in multimillion cred-iting to important political figures, which was conducted by Central Bureau of Investigation. In the described case the very fact, that person applying for credit was a public figure resulted in aban-doning standard procedures of researching creditworthiness. It caused multimillion losses due to lack of real chance of return on capital. Described dealings show how breaking bank procedures by managers, which were promised public profits, caused the banks to make conscious and unfa-vorable decisions to give politicians nonreturnable financial support. Criminal acts and informal connections between worlds of politics and banking caused multimillion losses, and even worse losses to be covered by treasury – which is us, the citizens

United States's new enemy. China and the conquest for world influence. A comparative study of current Chinese and US approaches to foreign assistance, investments, and trade in Africa

Author(s): Roxana Hanganu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

China’s new diplomacy has been a topic of heated discussions both within academic scholarship and political circles across the globe. Particularly controversial has been its economic development and its conquest for world influence, which created tensions with the US. The United States of America has been accusing China of borrowing and assisting foreign countries in order to gain more influence worldwide and especially over Africa. Both China and the US emphasise the centrality of economy in their domestic and external policies. Despite their common attachmentto economic development the US and China have diverged considerably in their respective promotion of economic and strategic interest abroad. This study compares current Chinese and US approaches to economic diplomacy, with an emphasis on their foreign assistance, investment and trade in Africa. To this end, the research outlines the intricacies behind US and China’s implication in Africa, and delves into the specificities of their current economic diplomacy. Moreover, it measures their efficiency in engaging with the African continent through FDI, foreign assistance and trade.

Odpowiedzialność menedżerów w systemie zarządzania jakością

Author(s): Katarzyna Szczepańska,Andrzej Patulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

A certified quality management system is one of the sources of the company’s operational competitive advantage and a factor in the formation of the company’s operational value. In addition, it reduces operational risks associated with, among other things, producer liability and its consequences (marketing, financial). For meeting the requirements of the ISO standard for a quality management system, top management: bears the responsibility associated with specific roles (functional responsibility) and takes responsibility for decisions. In addition, it should act responsibly in the internal and external environment of the organization. In legal terms, responsibility is related to the accountability sanctions in the quality management system, which are derived from its requirements for top management. Accordingly, failure to meet the requirements of the quality management system can be considered an act to the detriment of the owners of the enterprise, for which managers are liable under the terms of the Labor Code.

Zasady prowadzenia dialogu społecznego na gruncie postanowień (zrewidowanej) Europejskiej Karty Społecznej

Author(s): Marcin Wujczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The European Social Charter (both in initial as well as revised version), as one of the most important legal acts regulating the standards of labour law, contains a number of provisions that regulate the principles of social dialogue. The Charter imposes an obligation to encourage joint consultation between workers and employers; supporting the mechanisms of voluntary negotiations between employers or employers’ organizations and employees’ organizations in order to regulate employment conditions through collective labour agreements; supporting conciliation mechanisms and voluntary arbitration for settling collective disputes. The provisions of the Charter also regulate the right of employees to be informed and participate in consultations regarding the employer’s situation.

Praca zarobkowa a opieka nad dzieckiem z niepełnosprawnością. Postulat zmian w zakresie regulacji normatywnej świadczenia pielęgnacyjnego

Author(s): Katarzyna Małysa-Sulińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The article presents an analysis of the normative solutions regarding support for a care of a person with a disability. It takes into account the changes introduced by the provisions of the Act on Supporting Benefits, which create a new system of care benefits from 1 January 2024 encompassing financial support exclusively for carers of people under the age of 18 with disabilities. The legislator simultaneously decided to leave the possibility of setting the care benefits after 1 January 2024 on the basis of the provisions in force up to 31 December 2023. However, the accepted duality of the solutions on this is difficult to justify because of the different treatment of carers of people with disabilities, because their right to a care benefit is determined by the moment that the application is filed. Similarly, the moment that the application is filed for a nursing benefit and consequently the procedure in which the case is handled determines whether it is possible for the carer of a person with a disability to take up gainful employment.

Racjonalne usprawnienia jako środek wspierania aktywności zawodowej osób z niepełnosprawnościami w świetle orzecznictwa sądowego

Author(s): Magdalena Paluszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The aim of the study is to present selected case law in the field of legal regulation of reasonable accommodation in terms of the importance of this legal measure for supporting the professional activity of persons with disabilities. The analysis of the judicature to date allows to identify several issues, the clarification of which made in the rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Polish Supreme Court, may facilitate the application of the legislation in practice, thereby supporting the taking-up and maintain employment of persons with disabilities.

Умението за работа с научни документи като възможност за академичен растеж

Author(s): Yana Doneva,Vyara P. Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

The article presents the project "The ability to work with scientific documents as an opportunity for academic growth", which took place at the University of Economics - Varna. The series of trainings conducted within the framework of the initiative and the results achieved are described. Readers' attitudes and needs were analyzed based on a survey conducted after the seminars. Guidelines for further development and encouragement of knowledge for working with scientific information are outlined.

EFFECT OF AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES AND BANK BRANCHES ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BANKING BUSINESSES: EVIDENCE FROM KOSOVO AND NORTH MACEDONIA

Author(s): Erëza A. Arifi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The core objective of this study is to explore whether the installation of automated teller machines (ATM) and commercial bank branches (CBB) affects the profitability of the banking systems in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Additionally, several influential variables, such as bank capital-to-assets (BCA), inflation (INF), and GDP growth (GDP_G), were used in the research. More specifically, the research deals with secondary data from 2010 to 2022 using the dynamic data analysis technique generalized method of moments (GMM). The evidence indicates that ATM adoption has a substantial positive influence on bank profitability. Similarly, BCA and GDP_G have a positive influence on bank profitability. Nevertheless, CBB and inflation have had a substantial negative influence on both metrics. The research’s scientific merit and novelty are derived from features unique to earlier studies. The study claims to open up new avenues of debate involving scholars and legislative authorities about identifying influencing components of profitability in the banking business.

EXPLORING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HRM PRACTICES AND TQM IN PRIVATE COMPANIES: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN KOSOVO

Author(s): Faruk Ahmeti,Nazmi Zeqiri / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The research aims to broaden the current discussion surrounding the intricate relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) and Total Quality Management (TQM) within the realm of private enterprises in Kosovo. The paper suggests that the arrangement and presence of HRM practices influence the successful implementation of TQM. Data was collected from a diverse range of companies, with 171 employees participating in the study, to explore this relationship. The collected data underwent analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via path analysis, enabling a thorough examination of the causal connections between the variables. Investigation delves into the overall impact of HRM on TQM, with a specific focus on enhancing quality orientation and criteria related to individuals within the selected companies. The findings highlight the substantial and positive influence of teamwork, staffing, performance appraisals, and compensation on TQM. Conversely, training and development exhibit a noteworthy negative impact on TQM. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the significant and favorable effect of TQM on HRM practices within organizations. Additionally, performance outcomes exhibit positive and significant correlations with HRM. These outcomes underscore the fundamental significance of TQM as an integral component of HRM within the realm of private enterprises.

Commercial Transport and Energy Corridors in the Back Sea Region in the Current Maritime Security Environment

Author(s): Siyana Lutzkanova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The high degree of military intensity in the Black Sea region, caused by the Russian aggression towards Ukraine results in strong defragmentation and interests’ divergence of the states. The paper examines the current risks in the maritime security environment, their wide impact on the commercial and energy transport corridors in the context of some conventional and nonconventional emerging threats in the region. The reduction of the volume of the commercial transport and merchant fleet and the risks towards security and safety of commercial ports, the maritime lines of communication and the maritime critical infrastructure increase the defragmentation of the Black sea states in their operational and strategic long-term goals. The current war makes predictions of possible scenarios very difficult resulting in financial and economic insecurities. Besides the conventional physical security issues some key threats like hybrid and information warfare, lawfare of the Russian Federation, non-compliance with the international maritime law, seizure and control of national Ukrainian maritime spaces are considered, examined and analyzed. Another important aspect refers to the general advantage of NATO’s conventional combat fleet and the limited financial framework for the acquisition of new conventional combat capabilities of Russia that may result in the deployment of medium-range tactical systems for the purpose of deterrence as most adequate response. The role of the Black Sea in this scenario should not be underestimated with very bad economic consequences.

Tożsamość miejsca a marketing terytorialny na przykładzie dawnej pomorskiej krainy Kosznajderii – szanse i ograniczenia

Author(s): Tomasz Marcysiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2023

Contemporary attention is closely focused on the changes taking place within small local communities, where members not only see the value in building their community brand but also feel the need for self-identification. This process supports the development of entrepreneurship, tourism, and various other areas of human activity. However, not all regions possess a well-established identity that is unquestionable for their residents, or it may require redefinition. In some cases, inherited material and sometimes spiritual heritage may not be considered a regional asset and, on the contrary, may be seen as a “problematic” legacy. Border regions or post-migration areas, where one group of people settled in the place of another, sometimes even forcibly, are particularly complex. This situation may be euphemistically described, but it relates to extremely dramatic circumstances associated with displacement, expulsion, or even extermination. The Author considers it essential to examine attempts to build an identity based on the centuries- old heritage of Kosznajders in the southern part of Pomerania, near Chojnice. In this article, he analyzes the opportunities and limitations of place branding through the study and observation of grassroots initiatives aimed at preserving the memory of Kosznajders and their heritage. One opportunity is the openness of residents to a dialogue about the history of the place, while a limitation lies in the unresolved collective traumas and suffering dating back to the times of occupation, and sometimes even the pre-war period, deeply ingrained in collective memory.

Meaning and Replicability of Social Psychological Experiments: a Personal Account

Author(s): John B. Rijsman / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

In this paper I describe the gradual evolution of experimental social psychology from a so called “science of discovery”, with invariant findings over time and space, to an art of theatrical reflection with self-made reproductions of social life to so engage in more thoughtful action. I do this by means of a narrative account of my sixty year long personal experience with the various changes in the discipline, from the many cases of non-replicability early in my career, to the splendid discovery by vigilant students at my department of the probably most impressive case of fraud in the history of the social sciences, to the persistent denial of a need for a new logic by orthodox positivists in the discipline, even after more than half of the carefully designed replications of important experiments in the discipline failed. I look at this evolution through the lens of gradual objectification in science as a whole, from the most distant objects, such as stars, to the closer and closer reality of our own existence, namely the production and processing of meaning, and the inevitable recursivity (historicity) and incompleteness (one cannot include one’s own discourse in the discourse one has at that moment) of that endeavour. I also describe moments of institutional evolution, its political besides scientific interest, and encounters with the most influential protagonists in the development of the new logic. I also reflect a moment on the theoretical and methodological implications of that new logic, and end with showing how the theme of social engagement and the move toward cultivated action, rather than by freezing history in the so called truth of invariance, was actually the core idea in the work of Kurt Lewin, and has been used inadvertently in the subsequent use of experiments in the discipline, even by those who pretended to be the astronomers of the mind. But with the clear note that reflection on social life in the form of self-made reproductions of that life, is probably the most human thing we can do, and enables us to create culture, rather than blind evolution in merely physical or biological terms. So, making experimental social psychology a valuable tool of humanization as well, but only when properly used.

Генеративният изкуствен интелект и промените в политическата икономия

Author(s): Hristo Prodanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The study aims to explore the economic and political consequences of the introduction of generative artificial intelligence, characterized by its ability to create any type of content. Its object is the generative artificial intelligence, and the subject is about the changes it brings to economy and politics. Politico-economic approach is applied to investigate the interactions of technology with the economy and politics. It is based on the understanding that changes in technology depend on politics and economics, but at the same time they cause changes in both. The study begins with the definition of generative artificial intelligence and its differences from other types of artificial intelligence, what it can do and what its limitations are. The implications for the economy, production, exchange, distribution, consumption are then considered. The questions about the prospects, fears, social controversies it brings are also analyzed. It ends with the role of politics in the development, regulation, limitation, implication, management of generative artificial intelligence, because the social contradictions it brings might become dangerous for the society and politics. The scope of the research is global, and from this comes the main conclusion that the development of artificial intelligence is a global problem that requires global solutions.

Anti-Mafia Code and 231 Models: an Opportunity for Improvement (?)

Author(s): Vittoria Drosi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The research aims to understand whether, and to what extent, there are currently suitable institutions for the implementation of prevention and restoration of legality in the corporate sphere in the Italian legal system. These, if properly applied, should enable the enterprise to transform a negative event, such as mafia infiltration in its various forms, into an opportunity for improvement itself. More specifically, an attempt will be made to assess the ability of institutions such as judicial administration (Art. 34 of the Anti- Mafia Code - Legislative Decree No. 159/2011), judicial control (Art. 34-bis), voluntary judicial control (Paragraph 6, Art. 34-bis), preventive cooperation (Art. 94-bis), and organizational and management models under Legislative Decree No. 231/2001 (so- called Models 231) adopted ex post facto to put the company back on the correct path of legality.

Sustainability, Distributive Justice, and Law: a Philosophical Inquiry Into the Compatibility of Environmental and Social Goals

Author(s): Alessandro Avagliano / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This essay aims at addressing the legal philosophy’s uptake on whether environmental sustainability can be integrated with distributive justice. After an analysis of the European legal framework, where the notion of sustainable development has been built, concepts such as the veil of ignorance, the capability approach, and human flourishing will be examined, arguing that sustainability and distributive justice are necessarily linked, as mutually reinforcing goals to human development. However, a transformational change is still necessary in the way we think about sustainability, to work towards a direction that should be holistic and inclusive of the needs of both people and the planet.

Изграждане на устойчивост в европейския съюз във времена на поликризисност и предизвикателства в когнитивната сфера

Author(s): Monika Panayotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

This aim of this publication is to draw attention to the need to build resilience in the societies and Member States of the European Union in times of “polycrisis” and challenges in the cognitive domain. Following an analysis of global risks and hybrid threats, as well as the emergence of artificial intelligence in today‘s communication and security environment, certain recommendations and conclusions are drawn to enable the EU to exploit its potential to be a “multidimensional power”, overcoming non-kinetic challenges to vulnerabilities in democratic societies, citizens‘ minds and emotions. In this research, a range of political science analysis methods were employed. In addition, the “mind maps” technique of the British psychologist Tony Buzan was implemented by enabling the synthesis of ideas through visual representations. On the eve of the European elections in 2024, the publication draws key conclusions and recommendations for overcoming the challenges of disinformation, perception management and psychological manipulation, which undermine trust in democratic institutions and prevent decision makers from countering them. These include: building resilience through education, media literacy, critical thinking, digital competencies, mental toughness; the ability to think not only fast but also slow; the application of exponential design to strategic thinking; multilateralism and close cooperation with NATO.

Drafting a Digital Transformation Strategy for Project Management Sector – Empirical Study on UAE

Author(s): Mounir el Khatib,Shikha al Ali,Ibrahim Alharam,Ali Alhajeri,Gabriela Peneva,Jordanka Angelova,Mahmoud Shanaa / Language(s): English Issue: 6s/2023

It is without a doubt that the impact of digital transformation and disruptive technologies has impacted all industries globally. There is hardly any sector that is left untouched by this form of innovation. This is also true for the power sector, which is the industry targeted for this study. The power sector is crucial for human existence, and hence, it is the use of different kinds of technology that must be employed at the helm of its operations. These different kinds of technology are related to AI, Robotics, IoT, and Big Data. The major intention behind these technologies should be to pace up different projects managed in the industry. Therefore, the company selected for this project is Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA). It is a company that is involved with various technological projects ranging from smart grids to digital meters to managing customer data. By interviewing thirteen key people from the company, the study highlights the current status of technology and how it is being employed by different power sector companies. In the end, it has been deduced that the future of the power industry relies on its adaption of green energy generation, and hence, all the efforts of the companies should be directed toward producing green energy with the help of modern technology. Also, it was found that the use of AI can enhance the efficiency of the projects, making them less risky. Therefore, the use of AI ensures that the projects are less prone to risks and have a higher chance of success.

Economic Conflict Management Education in Bulgaria – Current State and Challenges in the Prism of Industry 5.0 and the Disruptive Technologies

Author(s): Ivaylo B. Ivanov / Language(s): English Issue: 6s/2023

The systematic study of economic conflict issues began in the late 1950s. most especially in the United States and Western Europe. The Economic Conflictology is not well developed and is not yet fully consolidated scientific and educational field. In Bulgaria, economic conflict science is developing unevenly. It can hardly be identified against the background of its similar scientific disciplines. For more than two decades, some departments in economic universities are developing this scientific and pedagogical field. They have been applying and improving models for creation and development of a basic economic conflict culture of the students trained in the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programs. What are the basic model ideas, what the general results from its applying and prospects for its development are? How this training model contributes to the modernisation of economic education? Finally, how would training in economic conflict studies contribute to an effective transition to Industry 5.0 and addressing the conflicts that disruptive technologies create? These are all types of the questions which this article attempts to answer.

Digital Transformation of Education: Semiotic and Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Author(s): Kristian Bankov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024