The Employment of Ukrainians as an Opportunity to Fill the Labour Market in Poland – Selected Issues

Author(s): Krystyna Gomółka,Małgorzata Gawrycka,Marta Kuc-Czarnecka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The labour market in Poland has undergone significant transformations over the past two decades. The observed changes have been influenced by various factors related to, among other things, the possibility of free movement of the population resulting from membership of EU structures, demographic changes, technological changes, and the automation and robotisation of production processes. Demographic change is becoming a significant challenge, highlighting the shortage of workers with different qualifications and competencies in the labour market in various sectors of the national economy. This paper aims to indicate to what extent Ukrainian citizens can fill the gaps in Poland’s emerging labour market. To that end, a survey was conducted in the Qualtrics programme in May-June 2022 among Ukrainian citizens who arrived in Poland before 24th February 2022, i.e., before the outbreak of the war and who were registered in the Gremi Personal database. This particular company provides support connected to employment for Ukrainians. Due to the non-probabilistic sampling technique, the results cannot be generalised with regard to the entire population. To analyse the results, descriptive statistics were used to examine the population structure and determine the signifi cance of the characteristics studied and the correlation between them. The research shows that labour shortages in Poland’s labour market can be compensated to some extent by employing migrants from, for example, Ukraine. The commencement of the proper research was preceded by the preparation of a pilot study and the collection and analysis of statistical data related to the situation on the Polish labour market, taking into account the level and structure of employment and an indication of shortages in the labour market when the research was prepared, and the fact that complete statistical data ended in 2020, hence the decision to include this research period in the analyses.

Scenarios to Use Sensors in Agriculture, Home, Office, Well-Being

Author(s): Rossitza Goleva,Vasil Kadrev,Alexandar Savov,Zhivka Koleva,Plamen Draganov,Svetoslav Mihaylov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Recent sensor technologies allow monitoring of many events locally and remotely in near-real-time. Whereas being at home, working in the garden, entering office, walking or travelling one could access the data from previously installed sensors and take decisions. Technologies are often considered as an additional burden by many people. However, young generations do prefer to control their environment and be capable to manage it using electronic devices. In this paper we propose different scenarios that allow us to consolidate different sensors within a single application and control the user environment locally or remotely through mobile devices. The sensors experimented have been installed in a house, in an office, in a garden, carried by a person. Different sensor technologies have been implemented and data is shared in an understandable format for the application and the users.

Effects of media on cryptocurrencies prices

Author(s): Ana Todorovska,Hristijan Peshov,Eva Spirovska,Ivan Rusevski,Irena Vodenska,Lubomir Chitkushev,Dimitar Trajanov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Cryptocurrencies present a novel medium of exchange that enables secure financial transactions without a central clearing authority. Billions of dollars are traded on the cryptocurrency market, contributing to the increased importance of cryptocurrencies within the global financial system. The cryptocurrency market is highly volatile and influenced by different social media and other media outlets. This study aims to investigate media influence, assessing the degree and nature of influence. We analyze historical cryptocurrency prices and utilize an NLP model to extract sentiments from the data obtained by social media and other media outlets. We use Time Series Forecasting and Explainable AI models to depict best the influence of media outlets over the cryptocurrency market. We compare the results for the different social media and other media outlets and present the findings that can be used in future research and cryptocurrency price forecasting.

Социалният капитал и образователните постижения на учениците от големите етнически групи – българи и роми

Author(s): Enitsa Pchelarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

A stable social group is forming in the Bulgarian society, which has no chances for realization fulfilment on the labour market due to illiteracy or lack of education and/or qualifications. At the same time, changes in the labour market place higher requirements on labour force’s the educational and qualification level of the. Thirdlyhand, the social stratification of society results in linking coupling access of to education to with the socio-economic status of families. The question arises whether it is possible for the scarcity of economic and cultural capital to be influenced by the of social capital’s resources for the purposes of education? Under what circumstances social capital could increase or decrease the likelihood of educational achievements of students in the Bulgarian education system? The This work examines the problem of with the relationship between social capital and educational achievements is through the prism lens of theories of James Colman, Pier Bourdieu, Alejandro Portes and Nan Lin and Raymond Boudon’s the theory of primary and secondary effects of social origins further developed by Robert Erikson, Jan Jonsson, John Goldthorpe and Hartmut Esser.

Конкурентно позициониране на висшите училища и дигитална трансформация

Author(s): Gergana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The processes of technological development and digitization of the economy find their projection on universities. As a producer of knowledge, they are expected to respond strategically to the challenges of scientific and technical progress to absorb the existing digital potential, at least in two aspects: in relation to the formation of the quality of human capital, according to the needs of the labor market and in terms of the quality of research activity and the transfer of knowledge – to increase innovation activity and the development of the national economy. In this regard, the research thesis is that in conditions of the knowledge economy and Industry 4.0, the main factors for the competitiveness of HEIs and for their competitive positioning are derived from the cooperation between science, education and business and their strategic transformation from classical to research universities, with an equal focus on their educational and research activities.

Determining the Degree of Digitalization of a Higher Education Institution

Author(s): Hristo Beloev,Angel Smrikarov,Valentina Voinohovska,Galina Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2023

The digitalization of education institutions has become increasingly important in the modern era, where technology plays a vital role in teaching, learning, and administrative processes. This article aims to explore and present a framework for determining the degree of digitalization within (higher) education institutions, considering both quality and quantity factors. By analysing various factors such as infrastructure, curriculum integration, digital tools and resources, student engagement, administrative systems, as well as the scale and depth of digital implementation, this study provides a comprehensive approach to assess the level of digital transformation. Additionally, the article discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with digitalization, emphasizing the need for strategic planning and implementation to ensure effective integration of technology in educational settings. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the digitalization process in (higher) education institutions, considering both the quality and quantity aspects, and provide valuable insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to enhance and optimize digital learning environments.

Оценяване и акредитация на българското висше образование: проблеми и решения в период на дигитална трансформация

Author(s): George Totkov,Hristina Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2023

Creating criteria, qualitative and quantitative indicators used at evaluation and accreditation of objects in higher education, based on the so called “criteria systems”, along with methodologies and procedures, requires analysis of concrete problems. Ten basic problems of the accreditation system in the Bulgarian higher education system are presented in this work. Some problems followed by changes in the Higher Education Law, according to which the work of the Higher Education Institutions, standing committees, and groups of external reviewers at NEAA raised by 50%. Aiming to reduce the number of activities and overcoming the subjectivity when the accreditation grades and recommendations are formed, it is necessary to create common model of a criteria system and to design a software platform (in the form of the electronic platform of the NEAA), used to plan and conduct the corresponding procedures. Effective solutions to the main problems and the reduction of the workload of the accreditation procedures are possible, only based on the accelerated digitalization of higher education. Common elements of the model of the criteria system and the corresponding digital platform are based on solutions, not all of them unambiguous, of the discussed problems.

Предизвикателства на дигиталната трансформация в образованието – сравнителен анализ на студентското мнение

Author(s): Miroslava Boneva,Anton Nedyalkov,Milena Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2023

Challenges, Requirements, Opportunities and Solutions for the Digital Transformation of the Transport Education

Author(s): Georgi Hristov,Ivan Beloev,Plamen Zahariev / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2023

The digital transformation impacted many aspects of the everyday human live. This global phenomenon changed almost all industries and has led to improved working efficiency, overall enhancements of many activities and processes and the establishment of many new professions. The transition into the digital era was fuelled by the vast development, the wide acceptance and the increased use of many new technologies, devices and solutions. Nevertheless, the digital transformation has also resulted in new challenges and has defined new difficulties, which have to be addressed. The transport sector was no exception to the transformation processes and was also significantly impacted by them. Many new technologies for monitoring, control and optimization of the aerial, land and water traffic have been developed and are currently widely used. The paradigms and the leading technologies of the digital transformation, like Big Data, Internet of Things, 5G mobile connectivity, Artificial Intelligence, Information systems and many others have been adapted and integrated in the different transport-related processes and activities. While this transformation resulted in increased income, better traffic management, safer and faster transportation services and reduced workloads for the involved staff, it has also put the transport education sector into a difficult and challenging position – the present-day digital transportation technologies demand the transformation of many traditional educational courses into multidisciplinary IT-oriented subjects. In its own turn, the integration of these new courses requires the purchase and use of specialized equipment and devices, the constant adaptation and improvement of the educational materials and the regular requalification of the teaching staff. In this article, we present and investigate some of the challenges, requirements, opportunities and solutions for the transition of the education in transport into the digital age. The various modern IT-related technologies and solutions in the transport sector are presented, analysed and discussed in details in the manuscript. Last, but not least, we have summarized and discussed the present challenges and requirements for the education processes in the area of the transport education.

Използване на иновационните образователни технологии в обучението по музика

Author(s): Petya Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2023

As it is well known, music education aims to: 1. Teach students to listen to music. 2. To learn to understand the music they listen to. 3. To be able to play music. 4. To be able to compose music - eventually. The paper shows the possibilities of using innovative educational technologies and, in particular, interactive presentation systems at each of these stages. Students of the digital generation are accustomed to accept multimedia information with their interactive devices - phones, tablets, etc. They also expect to receive this kind of information from their teachers, including in music education. The electronic whiteboard makes it possible to create a presentation interactive, multimedia and Internet-connected, thus meeting the expectations of digital students. The first results of the application of the interactive whiteboard in music education are very encouraging and are mainly expressed in a significant increase of the students' attention to the material taught.

Изкуственият интелект в звукорежисурата

Author(s): Pavel Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2023

Artificial intelligence is more and more present into all areas of human activity. Art, and music in particular, is no exception to this trend. In the field of sound engineering, there are numerous activities where AI can assist the human sound engineer with great success. For some sound engineering tasks, AI applications are very useful and have great practical positives. In sound processing, analysis and decomposition of a stereophonic mix into its component parts, AI has had considerable success. Cleaning up certain elements of the phonogram is also an area of enviable achievement for AI applications. In a process such as music mastering, AI is again doing quite well (though not perfectly) insofar as its functions consist of application of detailed analytical operations, established algorithms, extrapolation, and synthesis. In more complex tasks such as mixing, for example, where different approaches make the possible variations immeasurably more numerous, AI still has relatively modest success.

Създаване на интерактивни видеоуроци за преподаване и оценяване знанията на студентите с Edpuzzle

Author(s): Ivelina Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2023

The pandemic was of great help in modernizing the classroom. Back to face-to-face classes, the same internet tools used during the emergency remote teaching can still be employed by teachers as students want to learn “in their way” – using the mobile inside the class and having control over their learning. Online video platforms are popular because of their advantages. However, watching a video may be a passive experience and teachers need to customize the video in order to engage their students and teach more effectively. Edpuzzle is one of the free online tools that has turned out to be a game changer. It makes creating and editing educational videos easy and saves class time for higher level matters. Moreover, this tool is good for formative assessment and feedback. The advantage for students is that it allows them to work on the assignment at their own pace and, at the same time, it holds them accountable. Besides, the multiple attempts feature lets them improve their results.My class experience confirmed research results that Edpuzzle could be part of the teacher-training program.

Десет години парично многообразие в Русия (1917–1927): исторически факти и теоретични интерпретации

Author(s): Nikolay Nenovsky,Tsvetelina Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article aims to make a historical reconstruction of the variety of monetary practices in early Soviet Russia. It covers the period that began with the rise to power of the Bolsheviks in late 1917, continued through the years of civil war and war communism, and ended with the end of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1927. An attempt has been made to theoretically systematize the different forms of monetary pluralism, which show the complexity of the monetary institution.

Принос към историята на модерните стопански институции и счетоводството в България.

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Book Review

Военно-пътни работи в зоната на отбранителна операция

Author(s): Danail Petev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The report reveals the importance of military roads in securing the defence operations. The organization of military road works is presented. The main operational, technical and tactical requirements for military roads in the area of defence operation are revealed. The factors that influence on the stability of the objects of the road network into the defence operation zone are examined.

Методика за измерване на сигурността на информацията в организацията чрез рамката за киберсигурност на критични инфраструктури NIST SP 800-53 на Националния институт по стандарти и технологии

Author(s): Tsvetozar Nikolov,Veselina Aleksandrova,Milena Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The report proposes a methodology based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST SP 800-53 framework. The framework is called the NIST Cyber Security Framework for Critical Infrastructure (CSF) and is applied to measure an organization’s critical infrastructure. The framework is the basis for building an approach for defining information security levels, developing a toolkit and a report for an organization’s security assessment. Standard guidelines and practices are given for taking measures to mitigate threats using the information and recommendations of good practices and international standards.

The Grand Economy: Nietzsche and the virtual political economy of life

Author(s): Sercan Çalcı / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Tracing the themes of political economy in Nietzsche’s thought, this article has two main purposes. The first of these is to problematize some narratives such as eternal return, will to power, and revaluation of values, which are the crucial concepts of Nietzsche’s thought, in the critique of political economy. The second is to re-read Nietzsche’s themes of political economy in conjunction with the concept of the virtual political economy of life, to link Nietzsche’s ‘grand politics’ with the overshadowed concept of ‘grand economy’ by making the move that put Nietzsche’s hammer on the idols of the established grammar of political economy. All of these themes are part of an economy of power that goes against the grasp of economics and political economy by grammatical thought. I call this political economy the virtual political economy of life.

Пазарно конструиране на ценност в практиките на съвременното изкуство

Author(s): Nikolina Deleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The general commercialization of all spiritual fields in modern society removes them from the sphere of the sacred and turns them into a commodity. Art loses autonomy and identity, becomes indistinguishable from non-art, and all its evaluations outside the sphere of the market are relativized and illegitimate due to the lack of aesthetic norms. The article examines the market and social mechanisms that replace aesthetic criteria in the evaluation of contemporary collectible art.

Zwroty niedookreślone w dyrektywie UE 2019/1937 w sprawie ochrony osób zgłaszających naruszenia prawa Unii oraz jej wpływ na ochronę środowiska (wybrane zagadnienia)

Author(s): Artur Żurawik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Directive 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 23, 2019 on the protection of persons reporting breaches of EU law poses new challenges for the Member States of the European Union. This act has a real impact not only on the situation and functioning of various public bodies and institutions, but also on entrepreneurs. At the same time, it covers a wide range of applications. One of such areas is environmental protection. At the same time, the directive uses many underspecified phrases, undoubtedly very interesting from the point of view of their interpretation, including those which names are known to EU and national legislation, but gives them a different meaning. It should be reconstructed separately for the purposes of applying this particular legal act and the implementing provisions. It is also not possible to automatically transfer the case law or doctrinal views developed on the basis of the existing practice for the purposes of applying the provisions on the protection of persons reporting breaches of EU law.

DRUŠTVENI KONTEKST FUDBALA KROZ ISTORIJSKI, POLITIČKI, EKONOMSKI I MEDIJSKI OKVIR

Author(s): Predrag Đ. Bajić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

As a very dynamic social phenomenon, sport plays a significant role in everyday life. This applies especially to football, as the most influential sport globally. Authors Dejan Milenković and Vesna Milenković decided to look at this phenomenon from several angles and systematize it through the book "Football and Society". After a historical overview, the authors look at football through its relations with politics, economics and the media, with special reference to the changes that have occurred as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, the book contains chapters about women's football, as well as about football and violence (sections about hooliganism, terrorism, hate speech and racism). In the end, the authors conclude that football, like society, has repeatedly found itself at a historical turning point and that it is still happening today. However, they emphasize that football always manages to overcome all challenges and increase its popularity and social influence.