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Диагностика и Naïve Bayes класификация на шумове в комуникационни канали за връзка

Диагностика и Naïve Bayes класификация на шумове в комуникационни канали за връзка

Author(s): Georgi Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The report proposes a modular approach for the statistical diagnosis and recognition of unwanted interference in communication link channels. The object of the research is Gaussian and Periodic random noise. Analytical methods are applied to the noises through Normal and Kernel probability density functions. Training, evaluation, and verification of confounding type identification models were conducted using a Naïve Bayes machine learning algorithm. Two concepts are applied with Normal and Kernel distribution of input data when exploring Naïve Bayes classification models. Each concept for generating classification models is evaluated by the Resubstitution and Cross-Validation approaches until the most adequate classifier is established.

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Спектрален анализ и идентификация на шумове чрез метод на опорните вектори и невронно-размити класификатори

Спектрален анализ и идентификация на шумове чрез метод на опорните вектори и невронно-размити класификатори

Author(s): Georgi Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The report implements hybrid research on spectral feature extraction and synthesis of Gaussian and Periodic noise recognition models to analog and digital signals in communication link channels. Frequency analysis is based on Fast Fourier Transform when setting Hamming and Hanning window functions. Procedures for training and evaluating the performance of models against the specified spectral categories, created on the basis of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface Systems (ANFIS), are carried out. In SVM methods, classification accuracy is analyzed for selected Kernel functions Linear, Polynomial, Radial Basis and Sigmoid. The suitability of ANFIS classification models is investigated in two directions - a combined approach with the Method of Least Squares and the Method of Backpropagation of the Error.

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Прогнозиране на амплитудни нива на шумове чрез Feed-Forward и Generalized Regression Neural Networks

Прогнозиране на амплитудни нива на шумове чрез Feed-Forward и Generalized Regression Neural Networks

Author(s): Georgi Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The report proposes a methodology for Descriptive analysis of signals with superimposed noises and training of models for predicting amplitude variations of noises using Artificial Neural Networks. The main stage is the pre-processing of Sinusoidal, Rectangular, Triangular and Triangular signals with added Uniform White Noise (UWN) and Periodic Random Noise (PRN). Through the specified procedures, Min and Max statistics are acquired for UWN, RMS and SD when processing PRN as independent predictor variables. The actual synthesis stage is associated with the formation of input data sets, training, validation and testing of Neural Networks with forward signal propagation and back-propagation of the error and Generalized Regression Neural Networks

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Конвергенция на услугите при изкуствения интелект на нещата AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things), компютинг в периферията и 5G

Конвергенция на услугите при изкуствения интелект на нещата AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things), компютинг в периферията и 5G

Author(s): Tsvetelina Simeonova,Rosen Pasarelski,Vasil Kadrev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The aim of the work is to examine the prerequisites for realizing the convergence of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) services in integration with edge computing at 5G. Results are presented describing the nature of the convergence of AIoT and multi-access edge computing (MEC), based on the prerequisites and architecture of AIoT deployment in business. The points of contribution are related to clarifying the specifics of the use of „cloud computing” and „edge - cloud” cooperation. The specifics of using AIoT with MEC at 5G are also clarified.

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Аспекти в прилагането на защитни мерки и процедури при защитата на класифицираната информация в индустриалната сигурност

Аспекти в прилагането на защитни мерки и процедури при защитата на класифицираната информация в индустриалната сигурност

Author(s): Nina Zareva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The purpose of the exposition in the report is given a proposal for the implementation of national protective measures and procedures for the protection of classified information in the field of industrial security. The mechanisms that are applied in the process of selecting a contractor for the inclusion of a contract, the subject of which falls into the list of categories of information classified as a state secret, are considered. In the conclusion, a comparison is made with the latest revision of the NATO Industrial Security Directive.

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Информация и сигурност през призмата на съвременната проблематика

Информация и сигурност през призмата на съвременната проблематика

Author(s): Kostadin Vasilev Yazov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Information and information security are an important part of the contemporary issues of information security. The subject of the article is a study related to the interpretation of data, the available information and its security, on the example of a separate organization, in view of the readiness to make a change. The aim is to indicate the possible toolkit to use change readiness, change management, resistance to change and resistance forces at work. All this is impossible to do without providing reliable and objective preliminary information to be confirmed or rejected, with which to recommend to the management of the organization the improvement of its image and better market positions.

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Изследване на прагматичния потенциал на търговските наименования в градското езиково пространство

Изследване на прагматичния потенциал на търговските наименования в градското езиково пространство

Author(s): Zlatina Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article is part of a more comprehensive study of commercial names in the urban linguistic space. Basic mechanisms of creating informal names such as ellipsis, where long formal names are shortened to achieve more convenient and easily understood forms, are examined. Emphasis is placed on the importance of this type of names not only as reference points in the urban space, but also as means of effective communication that support social dynamics and interaction between people.

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Социални медии и предпочитания към бранда

Социални медии и предпочитания към бранда

Author(s): Tatyana Yordanovа / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

This article shows the results of a study concerning the social media role with regard to the consumer preferences to the brand. All data are summarized in an extract of 614 respondents between 19 and 62 years old. The results of the analyses performed show that the social media use plays the role of a significant predictor of brand preferences with all three studied brands. The user generated content influences to greatest extent the consumer preferences with the brands Coca-Cola and Nike, as opposed to the company generated content, which has a stronger effect only with the Philips brand. There are observed significant differences in the brand preferences, too, depending on time, spent on social media.

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Оценка на риска и план за превенции при защита на кораб от кибератака

Оценка на риска и план за превенции при защита на кораб от кибератака

Author(s): Boris Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Risk assessment is one of the important activities for cybersecurity on board of the ship. Potential threats should be identified and assessed periodically with the change in the situation. It is mandatory to have information about the impact of potential threats on the ship’s systems and to be familiar with vulnerabilities of the systems. The risk assessment should present the extent of the damage that will result from the attack and will be caused to the crew, cargo, ship systems, passengers and others. The risk assessment of a cyberattack on a ship can be carried out using a variety of mathematical models and methodologies. A prevention plan is an important part of cybersecurity procedures on board a ship.

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Военните разходи през призмата на продължаващите конфликти

Военните разходи през призмата на продължаващите конфликти

Author(s): Dobromir Hristov Angarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

NATO member states face a number of challenges that are a consequence of the dynamics of the security environment and the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East. This determines the adoption of a new strategy for their development and increase military spending

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Традиции и перспективи за развитието на сектор "Лозарство" в България

Традиции и перспективи за развитието на сектор "Лозарство" в България

Author(s): Elena Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The present study is devoted to the dynamics of development of viticulture in Bulgaria during the 2014-2022 period. An international comparison which includes the leading countries worldwide has been made as well. The aim is to establish the state and development of viticulture and its prospects through the prism of the available prerequisites and the formed competition in global markets. Favorable natural, scientific and personnel conditions have been established, as well as rich traditions. The relative share of the harvested areas is strikingly low, which hides opportunities to increase the amount of harvested grapes without significantly increasing the area of the vineyards. There is a developed regulatory framework, the implementation of which would contribute to the prosperity of the sector and ensure the sustainable development of the semi-mountainous regions that are suitable for growing vineyards.

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NDIKIMI I GLOBALIZIMIT KULTUROR NË NDRYSHIMET KULTURORE DHE RRJETET SOCIALE NË TURIZËM RAST STUDIMI: SARANDA SHQIPËRI

NDIKIMI I GLOBALIZIMIT KULTUROR NË NDRYSHIMET KULTURORE DHE RRJETET SOCIALE NË TURIZËM RAST STUDIMI: SARANDA SHQIPËRI

Author(s): Fisnike PLLANA / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 21-22/2024

The term "globalization" was coined by the Americans. The French have preferred the term "globalization". Globalization can be understood, more easily, through the transformation of local processes and regional phenomena, as a whole. Globalization represents the combination of economic, technical-technological, sociocultural and global political forces. What characterizes it is the union of people, which functions as a single society. Globalization represents a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. Based on the definition of Prof. Palmer (CATO Institute), regarding globalization: "globalization represents the reduction or elimination of social restrictions, which is a special phenomenon, but it aims to exchange goods and increases the complex global system of production and exchange of goods", thus the effects of globalization are multiple, but mainly reflected through industrial, financial and economic effects.There is a doubt that globalization does not possess the treatment of a particular phenomenon, but it represents another expression; for modern imperialism and the strengthening of the dominance of developed countries over undeveloped ones. The process of globalization, through the opening of state borders for world business and through the formation of uniform rules at the world level, the whole world, the economies of states tend to take advantage of their comparative advantages, transforming them into competitive advantages, in order to long-term increases in the living standards of the population are ensured.

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Comparative Analysis of Trade Performance between the European Union and Serbia using AHP-DNMA Method

Author(s): Radojko LUKIC / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the key performance indicators of trade between the European Union (EU) and Serbia. The AHP-DNMA method is used here. The results are as follows: the trade of France is in the first place. Next: Germany, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, etc. The trade of the leading countries of the European Union is well positioned for performance. The trade of Croatia is positioned in twenty-second place in terms of performance. Slovenia’s trade is positioned in the twenty-third place in terms of performance. The trade performance of Croatia is better than that of Slovenia. According to performance results, she is in twentieth place. It is in a better performance position compared to the trade of Croatia and Slovenia. Adequate control of key factors is a function of achieving target performance.

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Determinant Analysis of Land and Building Taxpayers' Compliance and Happiness in East Lombok Regency

Determinant Analysis of Land and Building Taxpayers' Compliance and Happiness in East Lombok Regency

Author(s): Yuli Astini,Made Kembar Sri Budhi,I Made Suyana Utama,I Wayan Ramantha / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Local taxes are one of the local government's resource revenue in creating happiness. This study aims to analyze the influence of Good Governance Implementation, Tax Literacy, Demographic Factors, and Motivation on Land and Building Taxpayers' Compliance and Happiness in East Lombok Regency and analyze the role of Taxpayer Compliance in the mediation of Good Governance Implementation, Tax Literacy, Demographic Factors, and Motivation towards the Taxpayers Happiness of L&B in East Lombok Regency. The population in this study was 26,965 taxpayers, and 177 respondents were selected as the sample using stratified sampling techniques. The data were collected from non-participant observation and in-depth structured interviews and were analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results showed that: (a) The implementation of good governance, tax literacy, demographic factors and taxpayer motivation was able to improve L&B taxpayer compliance in East Lombok Regency; (b) Taxpayer motivation and taxpayer compliance could increase taxpayer happiness optimally, but the implementation of good governance, tax literacy and demographic factors could not increase the L&B taxpayers happiness in East Lombok Regency; and (c) Indirect implementation of good governance, tax literacy, demographic factors and taxpayer activity could increase taxpayer happiness through L&B taxpayer compliance in East Lombok Regency.

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Foreign Direct Investment in West Africa: A Case of Anglophone versus Francophone Countries

Foreign Direct Investment in West Africa: A Case of Anglophone versus Francophone Countries

Author(s): Felicia Anikpe NAIMO,Cyprian Oshiokpekai AIGBODIOH,Ahmed Ede UWUBANMWEN / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This research was aimed at investigating the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in thirteen (13) West African Anglophone and Francophone countries in the short and long term by using annual data from 1990 to 2021. From the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) results, it was deduced that FDI has a long-run positive significant relationship with economic growth in the Anglophone region, but was not found statistically significant in the Francophone region. In addition, both regions exhibited an inverse relationship between FDI and GDP growth in the short run. From the findings, other variables such as gross fixed capital formation, exchange rates, and trade openness were statistically significant in driving GDP growth in the Anglophone region but not in the Francophone region, except for the exchange rate. Overall, it was concluded that FDI benefits the Anglophone region of West Africa more than the Francophone region. These findings suggested that lingual structures may play a dominant role in the attraction of FDI and other macroeconomic variables in these economies. Thus, there should be strong regulatory frameworks to improve FDI inflows through human capital development, political stability, a friendly business environment, and infrastructural development, as well as ensuring proper galvanisation and effective utilisation of investment funds in the regions.

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Interactions of Spot Foreign Exchange Markets among Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan: Japanese Forward Premium/Discount as an Information Variable

Interactions of Spot Foreign Exchange Markets among Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan: Japanese Forward Premium/Discount as an Information Variable

Author(s): Hsiang-Hsi Liu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This study takes the foreign exchange rates of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan as the research issue, and utilises the VEC GJR-Asymmetric GARCH model to analyse the interaction among spot exchange rates of these three countries. The empirical results prove that the average returns of all foreign exchange markets have their own- and cross-spillovers, and the volatility of the return rate exists ARCH and /or GARCH effects. In addition, using Japanese forward premium/discount as information variable, empirical results find that Japanese forward premium/discount have important explanatory power for the links of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japanese spot exchange rates, and the original volatility spillover effect has disappeared, indicating that Japanese forward premium/discount is indeed an information variable. In terms of the volatility asymmetry effect, the results show that the estimated coefficients of asymmetry in Taiwan and Japan are positively significant, indicating that under the impact of bad news, their own market volatilities will be greater than good news. We also justify that the foreign exchange rates of Taiwan and Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan, and Hong Kong and Japan are more closely linked to each other in the face of the two major events. The US-China trade war and the COVID-19 outbreak have triggered risk contagion, with a crisis in one country quickly spreading to another, intensifying the link between the foreign exchange markets of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan. Our findings may help investors and policymakers find responses to such foreign exchange market turbulence.

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EVALUATION OF THE SCALE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE STUDENT POPULATION

EVALUATION OF THE SCALE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE STUDENT POPULATION

Author(s): Qufli Osmani,Teuta IDRIZI,Fjolla VESELI / Language(s): English Issue: 22-23/2024

This study aimed to develop and validate an indigenous assessment unit for measuring AI attitude and perception, focusing on its psychometric properties. The presented results are from the first study, conducted in three phases. In Phase I, internal consistency and dimensionality of the construct were assessed using a sample of 474 students (381 girls and 95 boys) aged 18-28 years, selected through convenience sampling. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed, generating items for the AI attitude and perception scale based on a 5-point Likert scale. In Phase II, the factor structure from Phase I was confirmed through structural equation modeling, yielding a 12-factor structure with 65.87% explanatory variance. Phase III established the scale's convergent validity by correlating its items with those of a predefined scale (SPAI). The final scale comprised 34 items across 5 discriminative factors, demonstrating robust psychometric properties. This scale is a significant tool for assessing AI attitudes and perceptions, particularly among student

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Franczyza jako forma zarządzania działalnością gospodarczą

Franczyza jako forma zarządzania działalnością gospodarczą

Author(s): Katarzyna Ochyra-Żurawska,Sławomir Żurawski,Marek Ciekanowski,Radosław Dawidziuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

The main purpose of this article is to determine whether franchising is a beneficial form of running a business for Polish entrepreneurs. In the first part, the authors present the legal basis. They next describe the expansion of Polish franchise systems beyond the country’s borders. In the next part, they perform a SWOT analysis of franchise coop- eration. In the main part, they present the challenges and opportunities of franchising in Poland compared to European countries. To sum up, franchising is a popular form of running a business that offers a number of benefits for both franchisors and fran- chisees. The main research problem was expressed in the question: Does franchising offer Polish entrepreneurs more benefits than running a business on their own? Ac- cording to the research problem, the following hypothesis was adopted: Franchising may be a beneficial option for entrepreneurs who want to start their own business. However, it is important to remember that franchising is not without its drawbacks. Verification of the above hypothesis and obtaining answers to the above questions required the use of research methods, including a critical analysis of legal acts, docu- ments and selected literature on the subject.

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ВИКЛИКИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ ЯК ДЕСТАБІЛІЗУЮЧІ ФАКТОРИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ РЕГІОНУ

ВИКЛИКИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ ЯК ДЕСТАБІЛІЗУЮЧІ ФАКТОРИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ РЕГІОНУ

Author(s): Andrii Blyznyuk,Oleksandr Datsii,Denys Babinin / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2024

The digital economy is proposed to be understood as: a type of economy characterized by the active implementation and practical use of digital technologies for the collection, storage, processing, transformation and transmission of information in all spheres of human activity; a complex system of socio-economic and organizational-technical relations based on the use of digital information and telecommunication technologies; a complex organizational and technical system in the form of a set of various elements (technical, infrastructural, organizational, programmatic, regulatory, legislative, etc.) with distributed interaction and mutual use by economic agents for the exchange of knowledge in conditions of permanent development. It was determined that modern processes of informatization and digitization call for the transformation of the traditional system of relationships in society at all levels of economic management, affecting all spheres - from production to finance. More and more relationships between counterparties take place in a virtual environment, the arrays of information that are needed to make appropriate management decisions are increasing, which involves the use of modern end-to-end digital technologies. The digital transformation of the economic system of domestic regions is associated with a number of problems, which we present in the form of destabilizing factors that can cause threats to economic security and lead to a violation of the stability of the region's economic security system. It has been established that the process of managing destabilizing factors in the conditions of systematization of digital development challenges is a series of interconnected stages that follow from each other: monitoring of factors affecting the process of digital transformation of regional economic systems based on methods of analyzing the external and internal environment; establishing a relationship between the challenges of digital transformation of the regional economy, regional development priorities and economic security of the region; assessment of the probability of the occurrence of risk events and their consequences from the standpoint of the dynamics of indicators characterizing the level of economic security of the region; determining the possibility of eliminating the influence of destabilizing factors and determining the necessary amount of financial resources in value terms; drawing up a map of preventive measures in the field of reducing the consequences of digital development threats and increasing the level of economic security of the region; adjustment of the map of preventive measures due to the occurrence of unforeseen destabilizing factors and macroeconomic shocks.

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ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ  СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ БІЗНЕСУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ БІЗНЕСУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Author(s): Liudmyla Maliuta,Vitaliy Rudan,Тetiana Kuz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2024

This article analyzes corporate social responsibility (CSR) of businesses in Ukraine under martial law conditions. It explores the theoretical understanding and practical application of CSR in crisis situations, emphasizing the interaction of enterprises with society and their responsibility towards it. The aim of the research is to theoretically conceptualize corporate social responsibility of businesses and analyze the practical aspects of implementing the CSR concept by Ukrainian businesses during war. Research methods include the analysis of scientific literature, empirical methods, and content analysis of company websites, which allows for identifying and assessing the content of CSR initiatives. The results show that in wartime conditions, CSR takes on a more pragmatic and focused character, oriented towards supporting military efforts and infrastructure recovery, moving beyond conventional corporate reports and standards. The article defines CSR as an integral element of company management that integrates economic, ethical, ecological, and social standards into business development strategy on the basis of voluntariness and responsibility for the impact of actions on society and the environment, with the aim of ensuring sustainable development and the well-being of stakeholders. A comprehensive sociological survey of managers, employees, and consumers is proposed to determine the level of CSR in business as a whole, not just in large companies.

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