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In the article alaas is considered as a lingvocultural concept traditionally associated with nature, lifestyle and household economic features of the area inhabited by the Yakut (Sakha) language speakers.
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Interjections are units that occur mostly in spoken language. It has been claimed that these parts of speech are characteristic of text types whose function is to mimic speech, such as comic books. Having analysed selected German comic books, I discuss the morphological and syntactic features of interjections in this text type. I examine morphological phenomena: lengthening, doubling, and multiplication, as well as compositions of different subclasses of the investigated part of speech. Special focus in the analysis is placed on the Inflektive category, a term used in German linguistics, meaning bare verb stems, typical for comic books. Furthermore, I describe the syntactic features of interjections, considering their ability to function as independent utterances in comic books. In conclusion I demonstrate that certain subclasses of interjections are prone to form novel and independent expressions with other representatives of the analysed class, while other subclasses do not display such a tendency.
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The paper analyses one type of Croatian idioms with a structure: adjective + preposition na + noun (e.g. brz na jeziku). They are being compared to the similar type of Russian idioms.
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The article presents various approaches to the problem of variance in the context of Polish and French phraseology. As it follows from previously conducted research, the phenomenon of phraseological variance may encompass a wide or narrow spectrum of morphosyntactic and/or semantic changeability of fixed combinations of words. Formal differences between variants or changes in the components should not, however, interfere with the identification of a set phrase in its various forms. Therefore, the extent of possible modifications in the signifier and their impact on the semantic identity of a unit becomes a vital issue. Thorough analyses conducted by Polish and French linguists are an attempt to address the problems and difficulties connected with the description of phraseological variants which have not been completely solved. The author of the present article discusses the types of phraseological variance on the basis of examples excerpted from contemporary general and specialized dictionaries; these types include morphosyntactic and lexical variances as well as the variance in length. There are synonymic, metonymic and hypernymic-hyponymic relations between the components of phraseological variants. In the study of the polymorphism of fixed units, the concept of invariant is also of importance.
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This paper deals with the usage of the Greek accusative (Accusativus Graecus) in Latin. This type of accusative, also called the accusative of respect (Acc. respectus and Acc. limitationis), has been transferred from Greek to Latin. In order to better understand the Greek accusative in terms of its functionality and semantic field, it is first viewed within the context of Greek, to be followed by its functions, ways of translation, and usage in syntactic structures in Latin. All this is substantiated by numerous examples from Roman poetry and prose, where this form is well-rooted. In addition, the paper points out and explains the functional, syntactic, and semantic similarity between the ablative of respect (Abl. limitationis) and the accusative of respect (Acc. Graecus) in Latin. By means of comparative analysis of grammar companions and the examples from Roman poets and fiction writers, which served as the corpus for this paper, the author has come to the conclusion that the usage of the Greek accusative is strictly syntactically determined. In the first place, this is to the credit of Roman poets and fiction writers, who, by looking at Greek poets as their role models, transfer a lot of syntactic structures from Greek to Latin, thus Hellenizing the Latin poetic syntax. In a similar fashion, there are Latin fiction writers who are enthusiastic in terms of usage of the Greek accusative, mimicking their poetic role models in terms of style. The Latin poetic syntax is rich in figures of speech and rhetoric devices, so the rhetoric trope of pars pro toto is realised in its full capacity in the Greek accusative, labeled by some grammar book as the synecdoche accusative. In Latin-Serbian and Latin Croatian dictionaries respectively, this notion is poorly explained. This paper provides comprehensive and more detailed explanations concerning this notion, thus enabling a clearer insight into its functions within the Latin poetic syntax.
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This contribution discusses the transformations of the Romanian language (in parallel with the modernization of the Romanian public institutions) inspired or triggered by the "French model". After some conceptual and terminological considerations (re-latinization, re-romanization, Latin-Roman occidentalization, re-occidentalization, modernity in the dynamics of the language), the author evokes the circumstances (historical, political, economic, cultural, social) that favored the franchizing of the Romanian language and details this process from a chronological perspective (the Hungarian and German branches, the Greek branch, the Russian branch). With the help of relevant examples, the most significant changes brought to Romanian by French influence (phonetic, lexical, semantic, morphosyntactic changes) are presented. The article insists on some complementary vectors in the process of franchising the Romanian language: the Phanariot princes, the preceptors and secretaries of the aristocratic families, the French consuls in the Romanian Principalities, the young people who had studied abroad and the emancipated women, the literature, the press, and the Francophone education.
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It is known that the category of nominal gender in literature is determined in different ways, and in this paper we presented its status in the “first official grammar of the Montenegrin language”. We contested the morphological determination of the gender class and pointed out the deficiencies of the grammatical description of nouns based on such a definition. Prompted by the concrete description, but also by pedagogical practice and lexicographic experience, in this paper we advocated for the syntactic nature of nominal gender trying to bring to the fore the issue of its unjustified neglect and negation. We approached the above-mentioned description primarily having in mind the fact that, although in Montenegrin schools a teaching course is taught titled The Montenegrin-Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Language and Literature, in teaching the language only textbooks based on the Grammar of the Montenegrin language are envisaged.
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Orthographic, grammatical and lexical norms at the beginning of the 20th century in Croatia were codified by normative works largely in line with the concepts of the Croatian Vukovians, grounding their linguistic views on the works of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. The language practice, however, still retained certain older distinctive linguistic features typical of the Zagreb School of Philology. The paper analyses Croatian Tales of Long Ago from that perspective, as a document of the state of the language and orthography at the time. The starting point of the research is the third edition dated 1926, the last one published during the author's life, also authorised. Having in mind opposite language conceptions, certain linguistic peculiarities of this edition are pinpointed, focusing primarily on the changes caused by language policy and introduced in relation to the previous manuscripts, typed versions and two printed versions (the critical edition of 2011 lists all the differences between them), but also including other relevant features. Linguistic analysis includes orthographic, phonological, morpho(no)logical, syntactic and lexical levels.
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This paper deals with the elative meaning expressed by the construction of jedan od (one of) + genitive of superlative (comparative) plural in Serbian and its equivalents in Russian. By means of running a comparative analysis through a corpus of literary works in Serbian and Russian, the author points to this construction as being a frequent one in terms of expressing elativity in Serbian. At the same time, the paper points to the possibility of expressing elativity in Russian by the construction of odin iz + samych + genitive of adjective plural, which has not been recorded in Serbian and Russian linguistic literature respectively so far.
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In this paper wе examine morphosyntactic characteristics of the Serbian language spoken by the ethnic Albanian students at the “Sezai Surroi” high school in Bujanovac. In adopting the Serbian language, students transmit the parameters from their native Albanian language (aspect, reflexive verbs, prepositional-case constructions) and in contact with the inhabitants of Serbian nationality they adopt the Serbian language which is full of dialectisms of this speech zone. Our goal is that through contrastive (by comparing features of Prizren-Timok dialect, standard Serbian and Albanian language) and analytical methods (we give examples obtained on the basis of a questionnaire that we conducted) examine possible interference on the adoption of Serbian as a non-mother tongue in this multi-ethnic environment. According to the results of questionnaire, we conclude that in adopting of a non-mother language should be taken into account, structurally speaking, the manner in which the parameters in two languages are reflected (in our case, reflexive verbs and the way of expression the differences in aspect) and semantically speaking, the scope of meaning achieved by using certain syntactic units (prepositions in Albanian; cases in the Prizren-Timok dialect), which is yet another proof of the existence of syntactic-semantic interface.
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The review of: Ayşen Cem Değer, Betül Çetin, Emine Oflaz Köleci: Kuramdan Uygulamaya Yabancılara Türkçe Dilbilgisi Öğretimi; Pegem Akademi, 2018 (4. Baskı), 154, Funda Uzdu Yıldız.
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This study was carried out within the framework of the research project “Balkan languages as an emanation of the ethno-cultural community on the Balkans (verb typology)”. Its purpose is to elaborate a description of the tense system of the Romanian verb in the indicative mood. This description will serve as the basis for a contrastive study of the verbal systems of the languages of the Balkan Linguistic Union, which will be developed by a team of linguists in the next stages of the project.
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In this article, we present a description of verbal phraseological units with clitics without an expressed nominal reference. After detailing the morphosyntax of the clitics in some of the main phraseological units, extracted from several dictionaries of Costa Rican Spanish, we detailed the treatment that these units have received in the works consulted and, based on the morphosyntactic analysis, we showed the limitations on their definitions. Finally, we addressed the problem of the lemmatization of this type of phraseological units.
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This paper combines the methodology of corpus linguistics and qualitative research in the domain of translation studies, with the aim to determine the frequency of translation shifts, i.e. the degree of departures from formal correspondence, as well as translation strategies used for the shifts. The parallel corpus consisted of two non-fiction Serbian-English translations from which 5000-word random sample sentence pairs were excerpted: Formulas of Love by Zoran Milivojević and The History of Serbian Culture by a group of authors. Each sentence pair was annotated for translation strategies and structural changes: the annotation scheme distinguished among 8 translation strategies at the word or phrase/clause level (e.g. cultural substitution) and 5 types of structural changes (e.g. voice change), based on Baker (2011). The results show that 22.85% of the source text words get adapted in the target through shifts, which may represent a piece of evidence supporting the Skopos theory.
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The starting point of this paper was the hypothesis that certain segments of the semantic category of causality may be viewed as a metaphor of spatial relations where metaphor is regarded as a cognitive process. In that sense, the paper analyses the prepositional structures introduced by prepositions dans, de, devant, and sous in French, that is, their counterparts in Serbian, prepositions u, od, pred, and pod. The analysis is based on the localistic hypothesis according to which expressions formalising abstract semantic categories are derived from the units of language whose primary function is denoting spatial relations. The paper determined that, semantic localisation may be perceived in cases in which the aforementioned prepositional structures were used to express causal relations, where the consequential situation is the figure, and the causal situation is the ground. In other words, in all the analysed syntactic models, the conceptualisation of spatial relations was transferred to the causality as a more abstract semantic category.
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This paper discusses the importance of modal adverbs and its implications for researching modality in general on examples from the English and Serbian languages and points to some theoretical lackings in Serbian literature on modality. The analysis of the corpus examples is based on the theory of modality as epistemic deixis with the aim of showing that epistemic modal adverbs express the notion of degree on an epistemic scale in a way that traditionally discussed modal verbs are unable to do. The semantic gradability of modal adverbs is discussed in epistemic contexts where they can occur on their own, or collocate with modal verbs. The paper also focuses on combinations of epistemic adverbs with other adverbs that have an effect on the degree of modality expressed, either a heightening or lowering effect.
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The paper examines expression of (non-)specificity in a Serbo-Croatian translation from Albanian, by analyzing motivation behind translator’s choices to diverge from the source expression of nominal morphosemantic categories such as number and degree. We argue that grammatical and semantic features of the target language, that are otherwise morphologically less transparent, in that way emerge through intertextual and interlinguistic practice, such as translation. As a language contact scenario, this allows for a possible explanation of the emergence of shared morphosyntactic features in the languages of the Balkans, the so-called “Balkanisms”.
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The topic of research in this paper are multi-part language units functioning as legal terms in legal German. Considering their relatively firm structure, these multi-part lexical units are in the border-area between phraseology and terminology, and in phraseology they are known as ‘phraseological terms’. The aim of this paper is to determine which morphosyntactic classes of phrasemes prove as productive for the formation of phraseological terms in the field of legal language and what meta-language means are used by the selected general language dictionaries of the German language to mark multi-lexical structures in the function of technical terms.
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Thе study presents the methodology of selecting the social media, the topics, the politicians, the universities, the blogs and the forums researched in the project. The focus in the text is on the internet, the www, the social networks and the social media, and how they meet the changing needs of people and the necessity of relevant social media literacy today. The capacity of social media to multiply the uploaded content make them a powerful tool for spreading fake news, misspelling, wrong syntax and word-formation, incorrect use of vocabulary, dangerous ideologies and decadent values. Analyzed are various types of spelling and punctuation mistakes in the observed social media.
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This paper analyzes comparative clauses with the meaning of equality, and it analyzes also the condense structures of this type of clauses in the novel Đakon Bogorodičine crkve, written by Isidora Sekulić. The central part of the paper deals with the clauses with conjunction ‘kao što’, ‘kao da’ or with particle ’kao’, which is an exponent of a comparative clause. The basic grammatical features of the analyzed clauses are described, and their specific semantic features are indicated. The second part of the paper analyzes the clauses with conjunctions ‘kako’, ‘kakav’ and ‘koliko’, which we also include in comparative clauses with the meaning of equality. At the end of the paper are given information on the representation of each individual comparative conjunction in the novel.
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