Отражение гендерных стереотипов в татарских паремиях

Author(s): Fanuza Sh. Nurieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The article is devoted to the gender analysis of the tokens ‘man’ and ‘woman’ on the material of the Tatar proverbs. Axiological characteristics of man’s and woman’s images were studied on the basis of physiological (features of appearance, age characteristics), psychological (personality traits, intellectual abilities, relationships between a man and a woman) and status and role characteristics (behavioral characteristics, family relations, social status, property condition). The study of gender stereotypes with linguistic and cultural perspective reveals ethnically and culturally conditioned specifics of conceptualization of masculinity and femininity in the Tatar proverbs.

Параметрическая стратификация карачаево-балкарской лексики на фоне родственных языков

Author(s): Indira Semenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The article deals with the quantitative analysis of the vocabulary of the Turkic-Russian dictionaries according to the functional, syntagmatic, paradigmatic and epidigmatic parameters. The aim of the research is to single out the lexicosemantic nucleus of the Karachay-Balkar language and to compare it with the similar nuclei of Turkish, Uzbek and Tofalar (Tofa).

О некоторых мифологических представлениях башкир

Author(s): Firdaus Khisamitdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The article considers the basic mythological concepts of the Bashkirs: about creation of the world and landscape formation, about the two brothers-demiurges (the deities-antagonists), about vertical (three levels of the universe) and horizontal (four cardinal directions) models of the world. The article also focuses on the characters of the Bashkir lowest mythology: the images of spirits-owners (patron-spirits) and spirits of diseases, demons and totemic ancestors of the Bashkirs.

Лексико-семантические модели сложных (составных) финно-пермских фитонимов, содержащие детерминант

Author(s): Igor Brodski / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

In the Finno-Permic languages (the branch of the Finno-Ugric languages excluding the Ugriс languages) common lexical-semantic models of composite phytonyms (names of plants) are found. Many of these models are common for all branches of the Finno-Permic languages or only for a part of them. Many of these models contain a determinant which points to the class of the nomination object. In the article the author examines such models, classifying them by existence in different branches of the Finno-Ugric languages. If there are identical or close models in contact languages, they are also specified. As it becomes clear, an unusually large number of the lexical-semantic models is common for the Baltic Finnic and Permic languages. On the other hand, in the Finno-Volgaic languages the common models are found very rarely; their majority applies to the names of mushrooms.

К вопросу о принципах реконструкции номинационных моделей (дискуссионная заметка)

Author(s): Juliya Victorovna Normanskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The author of the discussion article notes the importance of the problem, that Igor Brodski deals with in the paper “Lexical-semantic models of composite Finno-Permic phytonyms with determinants”. The author also pays attention to some methodic disadvantages of this work.

Артикуляционно-акустические характеристики фонем /ҫ/ и /ҙ/ башкирского языка по экспериментальным данным

Author(s): Linara Ishkildina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (14)/2014

The author discusses the articulatory features of the Bashkir specific phonemes /ҫ/ (/θ/) and /ҙ/ (/ð/) analyzed by innovative experimental methods. The dialectal data concerning these phonemes and their positional allophones are also considered in the article.

Древнетюркские термины в согдийских документах с горы Муг

Author(s): Andrey Kubatin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (14)/2014

In the Sogdian documents of the first quarter of the 8th century found on Mug Mount (Tajikistan) there are Old Turkic names, titles, terms, directly and indirectly related to the Turkic Khaganate. Despite the fact that there is original information on the history of the Turkic peoples, in particular the Western Turkic Khaganate, in the documents, it was not studied by turkologists and historians. One of the reasons for this fact is controversial reading and interpretation of the terms in the first publications.

The Acquisition at the Interface of Ditransitive Constructions in Mandarin Chinese by French Adult Learners

Author(s): Cécilia Yu Xinyue / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The semantically fine-grained ditransitive constructions in Mandarin Chinese show complex interaction between lexical semantics, constructional semantics, and syntactic frames. This study examines the acquisition process of the syntax as well as the semantics of these constructions by launching two experiments with French learners of Chinese. The experiment results reveal a ‘syntax-before-semantics’ learning process and the important role of input in implicit learning.

Syntactical Modifications in Teacher Talk of Native and Non-Native Speakers in EFL Classrooms

Author(s): Arzu Ünel,Meryem Mirioğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Classroom language in EFL classrooms comprises the core of communication between teachers and learners. Teacher talk plays a central role in understanding the nature of classroom language in this respect. According to Krashen’s input hypothesis, teacher talk also constitutes an important source of comprehensible input for the language acquisition of the learner (Krashen, 1981). To make the input comprehensible, teachers may make modifications in their vocabulary, syntax, rate of speech or discourse. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to discover whether native speakers of English and non-native speakers of English make any syntactical modifications in their teacher talk at elementary and pre-intermediate levels and to try to find out what kind of syntactical modifications they make if they modify their syntax during their speech. The study was carried out with eight EFL instructors (both NSs and NNSs) at Çağ University in Turkey, using their audio-recordings, a questionnaire, and interviews. Antconc 3.2.1 Program and SPSS 17.0 Program were used to analyze the quantitative data. The findings of the data were incorporated with the results of interviews forming the qualitative part of the study. The results of the data revealed that native speakers of English and nonnative speakers of English made syntactical modifications in their teacher talk at elementary and pre-intermediate levels. They ranged from subordinate clauses to the types of sentences. The findings of the study also demonstrated that syntactical modifications in the teacher talk of native speakers and non-native speakers at both levels depended on the proficiency level of the learners although not all of these modifications formed a statistically meaningful difference.

Uwagi o polszczyźnie inskrypcji nagrobnych na Grodzieńszczyźnie

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

The article presents the analysis of features of the Polish language displayed in gravestone inscriptions of the chosen Catholic cemeteries of Grodno region – Kvasovka, Indura, Vereyki, Replya, Lunno, Volpa, Ros. The author briefly describes the districts where research was conducted, gives a general characteristics of the cemeteries and analyses the Polish language inscriptions in gravestones, noting regional linguistic features.

Извънизреченските семантични роли в съвременния български книжовен език

Author(s): Mary Lakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that lexical parts of speech in contemporary Bulgarian (nouns, adjectives, numerals, verbs, adverbs and pronouns) possess as isolated lexemes extrasentential semantic roles such as Agent, Patient, etc. In a sentence a given lexeme can preserve its extrasentential semantic role or it can be assigned a new semantic role depending on the lexical meaning of the finite verb and on the lexeme’s syntactic position.

Българска лексикология и фразеология. Т. I. Българска лексикология (Ем. Пернишка и др.)

Author(s): Maria Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Проблемът за категориалната принадлежност на да-формите

Author(s): Mariya Deyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Сл. Керемидчиева, А. Кочева, Л. Василева, К. Първанов, З. Сертова, Ил. Гаравалова, Р. Чернева. Еркеч – паметта на езика. Традиции и устойчиви тенденции в един архаичен български говор, говора на село Еркеч (днес Козичино), Поморийско

Author(s): Luchia Antonova-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2012

О прагматических аспектах конструкций «малого синтаксиса»

Author(s): Boris Yustinivich Norman / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

In the current paper the term «small syntax» is used to denote the plethora of phraseological syntactic models whose semantics encompasses numerous pragmatic dimensions relating to the modality of irrealis. On the basis of data from Russian, Bulgarian, Polish and Czech it is demonstrated that even though each language is equipped with a unique package of phraseological syntactic models, their functioning is subject to some commonly shared rules.

Семантика и прагматика или синтаксис, семантика и прагматика

Author(s): Dafina Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The aim of the paper is to present and critically evaluate two distinct tendencies in pragmatics studies – inferential pragmatics and form-function pragmatics. The goal of inferential pragmatics is to explicate the semantics-pragmatics distinction, whereas the form-function pragmatics proposes a wider understanding of pragmatics – the interface between syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Arguments are provided for the advantages and disadvantages of both tendencies.

Anomalous use of definiteness and gender in some types of noun phrases in Bulgarian

Author(s): Valentin Gešev / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

The paper considers the anomalous use of definiteness and gender in Bulgarian noun phrases containing hypocoristic names, nicknames or sometimes even legal personal names. Proper names of people, being semantically definite, usually do not take the definite article in Bulgarian. But in the cases considered it is just the opposite – in informal conversation, in fiction or in ironic statements the use of a definite article is either obligatory or facultative depending on the formal and semantic features of the names. The factors to trigger the anomalous use described may be the female sex of the designee, the less typical ending of the noun, its being grammatically neuter or its inclusion in an attributive phrase. Thus the female legal personal names (e.g. Marija, Elena) may take a definite article on some special occasions (Marijata, Elenata) but male legal personal names (e.g. Boris) cannot. Male legal or hypocoristic names ending in -o (Stojko, Borko<Boris) never take the definite article, male names ending in -e may or may not take the definite article (Bore/Boreto<Boris) but female names ending in -e always take the definite article in colloquial Bulgarian (Marčeto<Marija, Lenčeto<Elena). What is more, their attributes are in the neuter and not in the feminine (hubavoto Lenče<hubavata Elena). Male hypocoristic names ending in -a, even those derived from family names, always take the definite article (Penata<Penev, Vucata<Vucov) but their attributes are in the masculine. Corresponding forms without an article (Bore, Marče, Lenče, Pena, Vuca) are used as vocatives or sometimes as predicatives. The phenomenon is stylistically marked which means that the choice of such noun phrases is pragmatic, but the rules which determine the use of definiteness and gender in them are grammatical. These are particular rules which operate in a minority of situations and contradict the general rules operating in the majority of contexts. Some of them are rigid but others are optional and introduce additional nuances into the statement. The phenomenon can be interpreted as a Balkan linguistic feature partially mani-fested in Bulgarian. Its occurrence in folklore texts might qualify it as rela-tively old.

Nenoteiksme, modalitāte un verba nullformas latviešu valodā

Author(s): Andra Kalnača / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 7/2016

Infinitive as a verbal predicate is one of the means of expressing modality in Latvian. Infinitive expresses deontic or, rarely, epistemic modality. Besides the infinitive, modality in Latvian is expressed by different moods which play the main role. Different modal constructions with modal verbs (+ infinitive) and participles also are widely used in language. The present paper is devoted to the analysis of relations between the infinitive and modal constructions, and the modal meanings expressed by the infinitive and modal constructions. The crucial question of the analysis is – could any zero form of modal verb be possible in Latvian? It is connected with the interpretation of the (morpho)syntactic status of the infinitive in the function of predicate. If we agree that the infinitive is a simple verbal predicate than the answer is NO, and zero form of modal verb is impossible in Latvian. If, however, we think that the infinitive is a compound predicate than the answer is YES, because such predicate is similar to other nominal, verbal or adverbial compound predicates in Latvian where zero forms (mainly in the 3rd person, present) are widespread. However, polarity tests don’t approve the idea about zero forms of modal verbs in Latvian.

Upravljana neobrojčena kvantifikacija

Author(s): Ana Kovačević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

Non-numerically quantified noun phrases with a governing quantifier are those in which adverbial or substantival quantifiers govern the complement in genitive case, e.g. in Croatian Church Slavonic:(1) vele blaga much treasure-GEN.SGʽa lot of treasureʼ (2) čest' ribi pečeni piece-NOM.SG fish-GEN.SG broiled-GEN.SGʽa piece of broiled fishʼThe paper examines and describes basic semantic and syntactic characteristics of this kind of quantified noun phrases (QNPs) with regard to QNP's components and their number, word order, genitive of quantity, QNP – predicate agreement, QNP – next predicate agreement, QNP – anaphoric words agreement. The agreement analysis shows that both components of a QNP, quantifier as well as its compliment, can act as an agreement controller. The study is based on the corpus of the Croatian Glagolitic texts of the Church Slavonic period, i.e. on the referential and representative corpus of the Dictionary of the Croatian Redaction of Church Slavonic. Therefore, some noticeable diachronic features in compari-son with modern Croatian have been mentioned as well.

Skupine imenica + imenica u genitivu i pridjev + imenica u znanstvenome nazivlju

Author(s): Lana Hudeček,Snježana Kereković,Milica Mihaljević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

The paper focuses on the analysis of Croatian word combinations consisting of head noun + genitive noun or adjective + noun. The analysis has been carried out on examples of scientific terms used in different fields (mechanical engineering, communicology, etc.) primarily with respect to the norm which prescribes that in standard Croatian (including Croatian scientific terminologies) the word combination consisting of adjective + noun is given preference if such a combination has the same meaning as a combination consisting of head noun + genitive noun. In view of the fact that the scientific terminology contains many word combinations which seem not to observe this rule of the Croatian norm, sources and implications of the rule are considered and the cases in which combinations head noun + genitive noun are not replaced by combinations adjective + noun are formalized. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the two ways of modifying the head noun (with an adjective or a genitive noun), to identify what factors influence the possibility/impossibility to transform one combination into another and to determine the scope of the mentioned rule. By studying synonymous terms of these two combination types used in practice (e.g. osovina kočnice and kočnička osovina, lanac dizalice and dizalični lanac, ležajna nestabilnost and nestabilnost ležaja, vratilo pogona and pogonsko vratilo, medijska odgovornost and odgovornost medija, medijski pravobranitelj and pravobranitelj medija, programski monitoring and monitoring programa), the existence of which also suggests that users are not comfortable with following this rule, the terms which occur in only one of the two combination types (os ležaja, dijelovi ležaja, ploča remena, glava cilindra, ventil motora, glava pile, brzina rezanja, prototip motora, smjer vlakana, bolest bubrega, upala jetre; pogonski kotač, usisni ventil, bubrežni kamenac, jetrene probe) and the terms that occur in both combinations but have different meanings (metalno prevlačenje and prevlačenje metala, medijska pismenost and pismenost medija) conclusions are reached based on which the rule should be amended and modified.