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The article is devoted to the complex eponymic terms of Ukrainian physical terminology. The question of the compatibility of complex eponymic terms components and the main methods of these terms forming are considered.
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The paper deals with the debatable point of modern linguistics – the predicatives which express the state in the broad sense and are using exclusively as a predicate in a non-subject sentences. The author considers the specifics of such words on the material of youth slang. In the spotlight are the lexical, morphemic, morphological and syntactic features of the analyzed category of words.
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The authors deal with the dictionary of the Nizyam dialect of the Khanty language (from A to S), give a brief review of all Khanty dialects and pay attention to the inventory and allophonic variations of the Nizyam phonemes.
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The authors deal with the dictionary of the Nizyam dialect of Khanty (from T to X) and pay attention to the inventory of the Nizyam phonemes.
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The article summarizes scientific information about the history, internal motivation and collocation possibilities of the impersonal verb “nadlezhit” (must) in the Russian language in general and in the official texts of the XVIII century in particular. It is noted that the communication strategy of the charter as a genre involves the active use of stable combinations with imperative semantics, therefore, the author investigates the formula “nadlezhit + infinitive” as one of the most frequent ways of expressing the modal meaning of necessity or obligation in official military texts of the XVIII century using the Military Charter of 1716. The bookish character of the word “nadlezhit”, recorded in many dictionaries of the Russian language, does not have any stylistic markers in the text of the Charter, which ensures its relatively free compatibility with other infinitive verbs within the studied formula. The article also addresses the adaptation of a lexical calque in the Russian text and traces the process of accumulating the volume of the concept expressed by the calque under the influence of the semantics of the original Russian morphemes (in our case, the root -lezh- and the prefix nad-), which became the “building material” for its creation in the host language. It is suggested that the impersonal verb “nadlezhit” with the meaning ‘must’ could be the result of transforming spatial meaning into the meaning of the qualitative assessment of an action, quite natural for Russian prefixed verbs. The author also allows the possibility of “oncoming” semantic processes – the adaptation of the lexical calque in the Russian official text and the development of qualitative semantics in spatial verbs.
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The object of the article is a late legend – The Story of the Irani Star – which might have originated among the Eastern Orthodox Slavs in the 15th c. The plot revolves around the Star of Bethlehem, the birth of Jesus, and the pilgrimage of the Magi (cf. Matthew 2: 1–12). The article discusses the narrative, its structure and the history of the text, with a focus on the edition and reconstruction of the text. The Story is published according to the copy found in Miscellany No 143 (504), 258v–265r, dated to the 16th c., which is part of the manuscript collection of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery. Today, the manuscript is kept in the Russian State Library (Moscow, Russia). The edition is prepared in comparison with four copies of the legend dated to 15th and 16th c.
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Review of: Word formation and lexicology, (comp. V. R a deva, C v. A v ramova, Yu. Baltova), Sofia, University Publishing House "St. Kliment Ohridski", 2009. 411 p.
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The nominal word formation in the text of the Kazan Gospel of the 14th century relating to the lectionaries of the Mstislav type has been analyzed. The study aims to clarify the available data on this issue, to add to the description of the lexical and semantic features of the manuscript, and to identify it’s the specificity of word-formation patterns. The research is focused on the forms of nominal word formation as the main text-forming units. The analysis has been performed using a combination of synchronic description of the intra-lexical content and comparison with other texts of a similar genre and stylistic affiliation and chronology. As a result of the study, the representativeness of word-formative types of the noun has been established. The conclusions have been made about the genre and stylistic features of the text on the basis of the word-formative pattern representing it, in general, as well as the specifics in the sphere of word formation of this particular manuscript. The major findings can be summarized as follows: firstly, the derivational field of the manuscript determines the genre and stylistic nature of the Old Slavic gospel text; secondly, it underwent the common for that period Russification, resulting in the quantitative representation of the derivational types and their phonomorphemical implementation; thirdly, the word-formative paradigm contributes to the restriction of word-formative meanings and fixing them for a certain word-formative type, which is important for the semantic relations in the language as a whole. The functioning of the forms of nominal word-formation in the text proves the primacy of its content over the formal side.
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The article examines one of the morphological aspects of the Karelian language, nominal suffixal word formation, with special focus on the Livvi and Ludic dialects. The research novelty is determined by the lack of studies of this matter using the Karelian materials. The relevance of the study is seen in the fact that morphology is one of the basic sections in the study of any language, and currently the Livvi dialect of the Karelian language is actively taught in the educational institutions of the Republic of Karelia, while the Ludic dialect is at the initial stage of the revitalization process. Since the aforementioned adverbs are closely related to each other, the conducted comparative study can lay the foundation for further research of their grammatical structure, namely the morphological word formation in the Karelian language. The research was carried out using comparative method and comparative historical analysis, for which the authors selected the names of illnesses and diseases from the dictionaries of the Karelian language, samples of the Karelian oral language, and the Open Corpus of Veps and Karelian languages (VepKar), as well as the corresponding lexical units collected from the speakers of the Livvi dialect. This choice of study material can be explained by the fact that the analysis of the names of illnesses and diseases makes it possible to trace the meaning and usage (attachment) of the suffixes -ndu/-ndy/-nd(e) and -hine, which the authors managed to achieve as the result of the study. Having examined the suffixes -ndu/-ndy/-nd(e) and -hine in the names of illnesses and diseases from the Livvi and Ludic dialects of the Karelian language, the authors concluded that they had identical meanings: the suffixes -ndu/-ndy/-nd(e) denote the result of an action or an action process, while the suffix -hine denotes the names of living and mythical creatures or phenomena (in this particular case, mythological diseases). It is interesting to note that when a complex deverbal affix -ndahine/-ndähine comprised of two suffixes (-ndu/-ndy/-nd(e) + -hine), each with its own semantic specifics, is added, they acquire the same semantic meaning: one part of lexemes starts meaning the result of an action, while another – a mythological creature or, as in this case, a certain mythological disease.
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W spadku po języku prasłowiańskim słowiańska etnonlmia otrzymała jednakowe słowotwórcze modele i środki. Język starosłowiajski rozwinął wyraźne formy zbiorczych etnonimów. Wraz z rozwojem narodowościowych języków słowiańskich, etnonimia każdego z nich nabrała swoistych cech. Na podstawie wspólnych słowiańskich słowotwórczych modeli i środków wypracowano specyficzne modele narodowościowe: serbsko-chorwacki -anac, czeski -an, słowacki -łan, rosyjski, bułgarski i macedoński - -*c, polski -czy*. W pracy rozpatrzono takie problemy wcielenia do słowotwórczej struktury etnonlmli i nazw państw ze złożoną podstawą włączając abrewiaturą.
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The article is focused on the word-formation of ethnonyms and names of inhabitants in the Four Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander from 14th century. From methodological aspect the analysis in the work is based on the theoretical postulates of the Czech linguist M. Dokulil (1962). They were applied for the first time in Bulgaria by Ivan Kochev when working with dialectal material in 1971. The conclusions of the word-formation analysis refers to the place and the volume of each of word-formation types and to the competition between the suffixes.
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The article analyses the word-formation models (WFM) of the nomina habitatorum in Bulgarian and Czech. The term WFM is very similar to, but not conterminous with, the concept of word-formation type (WFT) as defined by Miloš Dokulil. WFT is understood here as superordinate in relation to WFM. WFT is defined by the same set of properties as WFM but differs from the latter according to the character of the formant; while in FM the character is physical (formal, based on sound), in WFT the character of the formant is functional and structural. The formant assigns the derivative to affixation, paradigmatic or composition word-formation pattern. As lexemes naming a person in accordance with a particular place, the nomina habitatorum constitute a subcategory within the word-formation category of nouns of belonging (nomina pertinentia). The word-formation meaning of nomina habitatorum can be represented by the paraphrase “X belongs to Y,” where X is a person and Y – a place in a broad sense.
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In the given research the substantive lexical units with the prefixoid AUTO- are investigated. We have specified the meanings of the prefixoid AUTO-, defined the thematic groups of the investigated derivatives. It has been proved that among the cognitive evaluations the most clearly represented are those, which allow getting accustomed and integrated in the outside world.
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The article investigates the Turkic constructions that traditionally have been treated as serializations (auxiliary constructions). These constructions consist of a manner verb juxtaposed with a result verb. The aim of the paper is to show that this kind of constructions is a specific type of coordination, involving reduced verbal projections as opposed to a regular verb phrase coordination.
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In Russian and in German events (eventiva) and their subclasses are represented on two levels: on the level of conceptual categorization (as a set of semantic features) and on the level of the manifestation of conceptual base structures (means of expression are here morphological, syntactic and contextual markers of aspectuality). The different distribution of the natural (i.e. of the optimal or preferential) and the non-natural (i. e. of the non-optimal or non-preferential) exponents of aspectuality reflects the typologically relevant peculiarities of the grammatical systems of the two languages compared. In the Russian language with its rich repertoire of means of expressing aspect information a competition between the different types of aspectual markers can be noticed. The replacement of non-natural markers of aspectuality by natural markers proves the existence of a tendency to language economy, i. e. to the optimal organization of the aspect system of Russian verbs.
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The article explores the derivational potential features of the modern Russian language word-formation mechanism in its current socio-cultural and pragmalinguistic aspects. The author demonstrates the role of key words of the socio-cultural space as base words, as well as key elements of the derivative space – derivational patterns and derivational affixes – in the modern Russian language on the material of neologisms observed in the Russian media texts at the beginning of the 21st century. The study employed the methods of word-formation analysis and semantic analysis of neologisms and their components, as well as the method of contextual analysis.
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The article offers a brief characterization of evidentiality in Bulgarian which, in addition to lexical and syntactic expression, finds morphological expression primarily, and of evidentiality in Polish. Lexical and syntactic markers predominate there and only one construction ma + infinitive in one of its uses approaches the Bulgarian renarrated forms. Two types of sociolinguistic changes in indirect speech, noticeable in the Bulgarian press after 1989, are also discussed: changes in the choice of forms in reports from abroad and in rendering statements made by officials at home.
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The paper clarifies sociolinguistic factors in a particular case of grammatical interference between Bulgarian and Romanian in the dialect of the village of Novo Selo, Vidin district, concerning the biaspectual functioning of the Romanian verb borrowings adapted with formants -ùшъ(м), -łшъ(м) and -àшъ(м) in the Bulgarian dialect. The so-called Blueprint principle in the contact etymology is applied, which aims at identifying the type of contact situation and reconstructing it according to modern language contact studies.
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The paper gives a description of conjunctive coordination in Enets (both Forest and Tundra dialects) based on a corpus of natural texts. It discusses both indigenous Uralic strategies, including juxtaposition, a particle with the main meaning ‘again, also, but’, collective Dual, and double Comitative, as well as strategies based on elements borrowed from Russian, i.e. on conjunctions i, da, a. The strategies with juxtaposition, indigenous particle meaning "again, also, but", and i, borrowed from Russian, are considered main, while all the other strategies are called marginal, with the former being substantially more frequent than the latter. Syntactic properties of the main coordination strategies are studied in detail, i.e. syntactic types of coordinated elements and cross-reference of coordinated subjects and objects on the verb. A special attention is given to the semantic distribution of the main strategies: they are shown to form a hierarchy correlating with a scale from natural/expected to unnatural/unexpected coordination; besides, it turns out that the parameter of morphological homogenity is also relevant for the Enets coordination. The data are studied against a typological background, which allows to highlight rare features specific to Enets, as well as to spot cross-linguistically common phenomena. Formal properties of Enets coordination strategies are unexpectedly diverse as compared to other languages of the world: this can be explained by intermarriage of features inherited from Uralic and those borrowed from a structurally different Russian.
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