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Hrvatski naglasni sustav između deskriptivnoga i preskriptivnoga pristupa

Author(s): Domagoj Vidović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

The paper describes different systems of accentuation with a special emphasis on two dictionaries, viz. Školski rječnik hrvatskoga jezika and Hrvatski mrežni rječnik – Mrežnik. It focuses on four issues: 1. the approach to accentuation rules of the standard language in language manuals, 2. the question of the usage norm with an overview on the inventory of accents and the dialectological picture, 3. the normative hierarchy in the accentuation norm, and 4. examples of accentuated forms from these two dictionaries.

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Od gramatike do komunikacije i natrag - primjer zanaglasnih dužina

Author(s): Blaženka Martinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

Normative manuals have deviated least from the so-called classical accentuation, in particular in the case of post-tonic length. Changes have only been made in modern grammars in which “grammar” is separated from “communication”, thereby implying a different status of length in communication (i.e. in usage). Since length is linked, among others, with certain suffixes and grammatical endings but is the first to be reduced in speech when wordfinal, the gap between usage and codified norm appears even greater. We perform a comparative analysis of various manuals to establish whether they have considered the realisation of the post-tonic length in communication. Also, by analyzing usage (in speakers with a pitch-accent and a stess-accent system) we draw attention to places where length is more (un)stable, and propose explanations for length becoming more and more attenuated or even disappearing as one turns away from grammar to focus on communication.

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Zanaglasne dužine u osječkom govoru

Author(s): Lorna Rajle,Elenmari Pletikos Olof,Blaženka Martinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

One of the unstable spots of the Croatian orthoepic norm is the accentual system and the pronunciation of post-accentual lengths. Recent research on Croatian speech indicates that long and short post-accentual syllables in Croatian urban dialects are mostly not distinguished, and even in the dialects with the Neoštokavian four-accent system the long postaccentual syllables are being reduced (Pletikos Olof 2013). This phenomenon is frequently attributed to the markedness and the low level of prestige of post-accentual lengths among speakers of Croatian (Škarić & Lazić 2002). Because the standard norm should determine the stylistically neutral and the unmarked, linguists quietly accept the lapse from the regulations in this segment. In the light of studying Croatian urban dialects, this paper aims to describe the realizations of post-accentual lengths in the speech of Osijek, particularly in genitive and instrumental cases of e-declension nouns, in some suffixes, and in the present tense and definite adjective forms. The results are compared with the lengths produced by a model speaker of Standard Croatian when she is intentionally producing and not producing the length. The lengths in her speech are taken as a reference point for the categories of long and short. Previous research has shown that in Osijek, whose speech belongs to the Neoštokavian four-accent system, the lengths not immediately following rising accents most commonly disappear, and the lengths following rising accents weaken (but they do not disappear), especially those following the long-rising accent (Benić 2007). Still, a systematic description of post-accentual lengths for the mentioned word categories does not exist. This research is based on the speech analysis of people from Osijek who read sentences saturated with words with lengths. The results have shown that there is a tendency to reduce post-accentual lengths in certain forms, but the phenomenon is rather rare after rising accents.

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Dvosložni i trosložni prijedlozi kao toničke riječi u osječkom govoru

Author(s): Lorna Rajle / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

One of the widely discussed problems of the orthoepic standard is the rule of the accent retraction to the proclitic when the tonic word has a descending accent, because in the Croatian standard there is inconsistency in relation to the „(non)obligatory shift of accents and the neutrality of such spoken realisations ...“ (Martinović 2018). Around the middle of the last century, it was observed that in the phrase consisting of the proclitic and the tonic word, the accent retraction depended on the length of the clitic and that it was more often performed when the clitic was shorter. This led to the rule of accent retraction in case of one-syllable and two-syllable clitics, whereas in words with three or more syllables the accent does not need to be retracted. However, this “adjusted” rule was not followed at that time and has not been followed since then, not even in the spoken language of some native speakers of the New Shtokavian variety. Delaš (2003) reports that New Shtokavian speakers retract the accent to the one-syllable preposition but they do not do so with two-syllable or multi-syllable prepositions. Therefore, the problem of accent retraction to the proclitic may be viewed not only in regard to the length of the tonic word, but also in regard of the length of the proclitic. Although the accent realisations of native speakers do not necessarily become part of the orthoepic norm, in order for the rule to become established, it is important to know the speech habits of as many speakers as possible, from different dialectal backgrounds. The paper describes the accentuating habits of Osijek residents with special reference to expressions in which the accentuated whole is made of a preposition with the personal, demonstrative, and reflexive pronoun. Its purpose is to establish whether preposition length in these phrases is related to the accent retraction to the proclitic.

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CONCORDANCES ROMANES ET CONVERGENCES BALCANO-ROMANES DANS LES DIALECTS ROUMAINS SUD-DANUBIENS. ASPECTS PHONETIQUES, MORPHOLOGIQUES ET SYNTAXIQUES

Author(s): Manuela Nevaci / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2020

Romance Concordances and Balcano-Romance Convergences in the South-Danubian Romanian Dialects. Phonetic, Morphological, and Syntactic Aspects. This paper proposes to emphasise the linguistic similarities of South-Danubian Romanian dialects (Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian) spoken in Albania, Croatia, R. of North Macedonia, Greece and Romania from the perspective of Romance and Balkan elements. We will take into consideration lexical aspects, from the point of view of linguistic contact with Balkan languages, as well as Romance elements that define these historical dialects of common Romanian. Our exposition is based on the broader theme of the relationship between genealogic (Romance features inherited from Latin, speaking of concordances in the Romance languages) and areal (convergences between the Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian dialects of the Romanian language and the languages spoken in the Balkan area). Through the presence of the Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian dialects of Romanian in the Balkans, creating a bridge between Romània and Balkan, a convergence was attained on the one hand with the Romance languages, and, on the other, with Greek, Albanian North Macedonian as Balkan languages.

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Lektorska služba u Vladi Republike Hrvatske

Author(s): Jelka Pavišić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

U listopadu 1990. godine Vlada Republike Hrvatske donijela je odluku o zapošljavanju lektora na temelju Zakona o Vladi (NN br. 16/78 do br. 47/90) i Pravilnika o unutarnjem ustrojstvu i načinu rada Stručne službe Vlade Republike Hrvatske.1 Pripala mi je čast da budem izabrana na mjesto lektorice u prvoj Vladi slobodne i neovisne Republike Hrvatske te sam stupila na radno mjesto u ožujku 1991.

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Pristup prilagodbi toponima uz primjer toponima koji sadrže slovo U

Author(s): Marko Kovačić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2-3/2016

The article is an attempt at indicating if not solving the rather chaotic situation in the adaptation of foreign place names in the more or less traditional Croatian texts, the less traditional referring mostly to the media of which several local newspapers as well as the national television are quoted. Most of the quotes contain the grapheme U as an example of a multitude of reflections and rules whether it adapts in its singular or combined forms. The need of an overall project is suggested, such as the one realized in Poland whereby an extensive list of toponyms was produced as adapted to Polish collected by a huge body of scientists and experts on a large number of languages that those toponyms originated from. Such a project would resolve many doubts encountered every day by the media, cartographers and in other situations which require adaptation of foreign place names and which therefore require joint efforts of experts assembled in a single ongoing venture.

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U povodu objave Hrvatskoga pravopisa Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje: Fonološko i morfo(no)loško u pravopisu

Author(s): Nataša Bašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

Opće je poznato da hrvatski pravopisi sadržavaju velik dio građe koji ne pripada uskopravopisnoj problematici već je fonološke ili gramatičke naravi, a rječnici im sadržavaju oznaku jezičnopovijesne i stilske pripadnosti pojedine natuknice te savjetničke naputke.

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Neostvareno tvorbeno-semantičko gnijezdo naziva kòsa

Author(s): Mislav Cvitković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4-5/2014

All the terminology related to hair dressing in the Croatian language is derived from the galicism friseur, for two reasons: (1) the concept of hair dressing didn’t exist in widely spoken language, thus there was no need for related terminology; and (2) when the concept appeared, it was inherited from the higher social groups, so the lower groups took the already adopted, yet foreign, vocabulary for it. Since the phonetic structure of the adopted semantic system is unnatural to any Slavic language, here we derive the hair-dressing terminology from the Croatian word kòsa, the root of which (kos-) can be found in all Slavic languages and was derived by apophony from the common Indo-European root *kes-. We show that the formation space of this root is free and therefore it is the best choice among the 3 different possibilities (kòsa, vlȃs and šíšati). Consequently, we form a completely new semantic-formation system from it, even introducing new terms which haven’t evolved only due to the mentioned phonetic barriers, and the concepts of which have been expressed only descriptively. Moreover, we have derived an equivalent system from an analogous Old Slavonic root kosmъ. These systems do not only indicate the formation possibilities of substitutions for some loanwords in Croatian; they also reveal the new dimension of the concept-formation relation (1-2 above) which we prove to be particularly fruitful for the formation of native substitutes.

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U povodu objave Hrvatskoga pravopisa Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje: znanstveni pravopis i javna rasprava

Author(s): Nataša Bašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4-5/2014

Ako je pravopis znanstveno djelo, kako neki tvrde, onda uvrštenje dvoglasnika ie u fonološki inventar hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika u radnoj inačici Hrvatskoga pravopisa IHJJ-a u travnju 2013. i njegovo uklanjanje iz radne inačice u lipnju 2013. otvara pitanje koji je to znanstveni rad objavljen između travnja i lipnja 2013. opovrgnuo dotadašnje znanstveno gledište o dvoglasniku ie kao posebnom fonemu hrvatskoga fonološkoga sustava.

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U povodu objave Hrvatskoga pravopisa Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje: griješe li grješnici ili grešnici?

Author(s): Nataša Bašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2014

Uočljivo je da i u papirnoj inačici Institutova pravopisa nema definicije hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika, iz koje bi jedino mogla izići uspostava normativnih načela i njihovo možebitno hijerarhiziranje, ako je ovo posljednje u propisniku kakav je pravopisni priručnik uopće potrebno, napose kad je najavljeno da će novi pravopis riješiti sve dvojbe i prijepore.

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U povodu objave Hrvatskoga pravopisa Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje: politika ili struka?

Author(s): Nataša Bašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2014

Hrvatska kulturna i znanstvena javnost proteklih je mjeseci posredovanjem javnih općila pripremana na hrvatsko pravopisno čudo: nov, moderan, sveobuhvatan, pomirben i jedinstven hrvatski pravopis, koji će na najvišoj znanstvenoj razini riješiti naše dugotrajne pravopisne prijepore i zauvijek zatvoriti stranicu pravopisnoga razdora. Jamstvo za to trebala je biti od nove hrvatske Vlade poduprta skupina jezikoslovaca u Institutu za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje (IHJJ) u Zagrebu, predvođena novim ravnateljem, dijalektologom Željkom Jozićem, te novim Upravnim vijećem kojemu su članovi standardolozi Josip Silić i Ivo Pranjković te etimolog Alemko Gluhak.

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Naglasno usavršavanje hrvatskoga jezika, IV. Usklađivanje na vrhu

Author(s): Stjepan Vukušić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5/2013

Dans la présente contribution l’ auteur traite le problème suivant: est-ce possible - changer positions accentuelles différentes dans la langue abstraites serbo-croate. Comme il s’ agit de deux systèmes accentuels, ce d’ ouest et ce d’ est, l’ auteur conclut qu’ é change n’ est pas possible, pas même dans le sens théorique.

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Suvremeno jezikoslovlje o Ivšićevu odnosu prema hrvatskom književnom jeziku

Author(s): Sanda Ham / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2013

The paper presents the opinions of present day linguists about Ivšić’s work and his contributions to the standard Croatian language. There is a more detailed discussion about Ivšić’s accentological views, about his argumentation of why neću should be spelled as one word, and about his observations and recordings of allophones.

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Glagoli pridonijeti i pridonositi

Author(s): Stefan Rittgasser / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5/2012

Im Artikel wird erörtert und gezeigt, dass man aufgrund eines verfeinerten statistischen Verfahrens, das auch die Kollokationen der Wörter einbezieht, klar stellen kann, dass die Verben pridonijeti und pridonositi als sprachliche Norm gelten. Im Vergleich zu den Verben doprinijeti i doprinostiti zeichnen sich die Verben pridonijeti und pridonositi nicht nur durch die höhere Frequenz, größere Mannigfaltigkeit der Kollokate, sondern auch durch ihr Vorkommen in allen morphologischen Zeitformen aus.

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Splitska frazeologija

Author(s): Željka Fink / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2012

Review: Mira Menac-Mihalić, Antica Menac, Frazeologija splitskoga govora s rječnicima, IHJJ, Zagreb, 2011., 363 str. Reviewed by Željka Fink.

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Izgovor i pisanje imeničnih jednosložnica s jatom

Author(s): Blaženka Martinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2009

The paper is searching for the causes and possible solutions for open questions and oscillations of the long reflection of yat in monosyllabic masculine nouns in plural cases with -ov- /-ev-, which have been especially emphasized in both theory and practice. Finally, two accentual and declensional patterns are proposed into which the corpus of monosyllabic masculine nouns is fitted.

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Sklonidba muških dvosložnih imena i naglasna dvojnost

Author(s): Tomislava Bošnjak Botica,Zrinka Jelaska / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2008

The paper analyzes problems occurring in the inflection of male names ending in –o and –e. These problems are insufficiently explained normative rules on the one hand, and diverse speech practice of the speakers of Croatian. Possible grounds for such inconsistencies are outlined and alternative normative solutions are offered on the basis of the accentuation characteristics of the neoštokavian system.

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O pravim problemima hrvatskoga pravopisa

Author(s): Dalibor Brozović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5/2004

Phonological orthography, introduced already in 1892 by lvan Broz, corresponds with almost all features of the nature of the standard Croatian language. Later, for a number of decades. various unitarian ("Serbo-Croatian'') solutions were being forced upon Broz' s (Broz-Boranić's) Orthography. This culminated in the so-called Novi Sad Orthography, published in 1960. It is our principal present-day linguistic task to free the Croatian phonological orthography from all solutions that had been imposed upon it.

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Pravopisna, morfo(no)loška i leksička zbrka

Author(s): Sanda Ham / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2001

This article criticizes Pravopis hrvatskoga jezika by V. Anić and J. Silić because the orthographic norm concerning jat following "covered r", d and t in front of e, č, goes back to duality; because of its proposal to write phrasal constituents (preposition plus noun) as solid words; because it renders General orthographic dictionary the image of the Novi Sad orthography; because it morpho(no)logizes orthographic rules and by that fact multiplies and complicates them; because it is at such a theoretical level that it is not user-friendly and makes it difficult for an average consumer to apply orthographic rules.

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