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Interferenze linguistiche romeno-italiane registrate nella comunicazione on-line all’interno della comunità romena che vive in Italia

Author(s): Aida Ferencz / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2015

Language can often repesent an obstacle in communication between people who belong to different cultures or who speak different languages. When a person uses several languages to communicate, he/she starts from the mistaken idea that certain features of his/her mother tongue will be found in other languages as well or that the grammar rules of his/her mother tongue are valid in other languages too. This phenomenon is called linguistic interference and can occur at any level of language: phonetic, orthographic, morphological and syntactic. The present paper highlights the linguistic interferences of the Romanian community in Italy in online communication.

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Fonologický systém spisovnej češtiny z typologického hľadiska v širšom kontexte západoslovanských jazykov

Author(s): Júlia Dudášová-Kriššáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2012

Theoretical basics of typological classification of phonological systems of Slavonic languages were translated by A. Isačenko at the end of thirties of 20th century. It is a pity that in next years his ideas were not developed, which was maybe caused by the fact that phonological typology was always marginal interest for linguists, while dominant position in language typology had morphological typology. Our confrontational description is concentrated on similar analyses of relations between vocalic and consonantic phonems of Czech and Slovak languages but is based on broader Slavonic background. In our text we are continuing our research work devoted to confrontational study of phonological systems of standard Slovak, Polish, Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian, Byelorussian, Ukrainean and Russian languages.

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What Sort of Statement Is “/p/ is a phoneme of English”?

Author(s): Paul Rastall / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

The article considers the nature of descriptive statements and the ontological status of descriptive constructs in linguistics, taking the example of a phoneme of English. It is argued that descriptive statements should be seen as expressions of the content of descriptive models or as hypotheses. Furthermore, it is argued that descriptive models and constructs in linguistics have a purely explanatory function in relation to speech events and without ontological commitment to corresponding entities in the real world.

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Jezička reforma Vuka Karadžića i stvaranje srpskog književnog jezika (istorijski pogled i aktuelno stanje)

Author(s): Kristina Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/2018

The inspiration for writing this paper is Serbian Dictionary Bicentennial. In the year 2018. ending two hundred years anniversary since the first edition of Serbian Dictionary (Српски рјечник 1818) written by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, in which the author used for the first time his reformed alphabet and announced the results of his Serbian Cyrillic Reform. The main goal of the work is a chronological presentation of Serbian language codification, with a brief overview of the historical circumstances at that time. Attention will be dedicated to the current issues of the formation of new language variants of Shtokavian.

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Система метамови граматики оцiнки: iнтерпретацiя термiна тональнiсть

Author(s): Oksana Khaliman / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 02/2020

The article reveals one of the aspects of formation of the terminological system of the grammar of estimation. The term tonality is characterized, and variants of its interpretation in the researched direction are described. The modeling of estimative tonality is illustrated on the example of using verb forms (imperative, indicative, infinitive) with imperative meaning; the expression of estimative meanings is argued through the interaction of semantics of categoricalness, rudeness, alienation and negative estimation.

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Návrh na vedecký systém prepisu z arabčiny podľa spisovnej normy a čiastočnú vokalizáciu. 1. diel.

Author(s): Mária Lacináková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

This study presents the author's recommendations for the transcription of Arabic texts into Slovak in scientific - mainly linguistic works, based on her own experience. There already exist a few works devoted to the so-called popular transcription, however, there are still some controversial points, as well as a whole range of dilemmas that yet have to be solved - mainly for the purposes of books specialized in Arabic linguistics and palaeography. The present part focuses on the transcription of Arabic texts not influenced by their Slovak syntactic surroundings. It also recommends a table of signs and typographical formatting to facilitate the transcription of hardly legible texts.

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Ján Horecký a dynamika morfematických modelov na príklade kmeňotvornej prípony

Author(s): Alexandra Jarošová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2020

In the beginning of the 1950s, using the thematic vowel as a criterion for dividing verbs into conjugation classes became the topic of a major linguistic discussion, since the historical understanding of the vowel was no longer applicable for the compilation of practical handbooks. Proposals presented in the discussion aimed to discover a functionalistic replacement for the concept of the thematic vowel. Despite this radical attitude, partakers of the discussion were not able to avoid the mixing of contemporary and historical perspectives. The discussion on the nature of this segment found itself in a cul-de-sac. What is the segment’s function? Does the vowel represent a part of the stem or a part of the suffix? Or is it autonomous? These dilemmas were solved in 1964 when Ján Horecký proposed new principles for morphematic division in Slovak, which upgraded the then-existing building of – not only – morphematic models to new qualitative levels.

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Návrh na vedecký systém prepisu z arabčiny podľa spisovnej normy a čiastočnú vokalizáciu. 2. diel: Arabský text vo vzťahu k slovenskému syntaktickému okoliu

Author(s): Mária Lacináková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2021

This paper is the second part of the three part´s study presenting recommendations for the transcription of Arabic texts into Slovak in scientific – mainly linguistic works, based on the author´s own experience. The present part focuses on the transcription – or rather adoption and adaptation of Arabic words and expressions to be incorporated into the Slovak system of declination for the purposes of usage in Slovak syntactic surroundings. The task may seem easy but this premature impression proves to be precarious mainly but not only when dealing with personal proper names.

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Návrh na vedecký systém prepisu z arabčiny podľa spisovnej normy a čiastočnú vokalizáciu. 3. diel: Čiastočná vokalizácia

Author(s): Mária Lacináková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2021

This paper is the third part of the three part ́s study presenting recommendations for the transcription of Arabic texts into Latin script in Slovak scientific – mainly linguistic works, based on the author ́s own experience. When transcribing Arabic words into a different sign system for the purposes of such works, one often considers it useful that their transcribed forms be accompanied by the original ones. In most Arabic texts, orthographic and orthoepic signs are usually not written. The system of partial vocalization of Arabic texts suggested here (for the cases where it is needed or helpful) was mainly inspired by the author ́s own experience with the problems stemming from a lack of such a system, which would (and hopefully will) enhance the work of an editor, linguist, as well as that of a teacher of Arabic concerning its written form.

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HOW COULD ESL PRONUNCIATION TEACHING BE MORE EFFECTIVE

Author(s): Dana Carmen Zechia / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

In many English language classrooms, teaching pronunciation is granted the least attention. When ESL teachers defend the poor pronunciation skills of their students, their arguments could either be described as a cop-out with respect to their inability to teach their students proper pronunciation or they could be regarded as taking a stand against linguistic influence.

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Acquisition of affricate /ts/ in Greek: A case study

Author(s): Anastasios Poulidakis / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The present research examines the acquisition of affricates by one Greek-speaking child so as to investigate their phonological status in the underlying representation. For this reason, a comparison is made between the affricate [ts] and the clusters [ks], [ps] to see if their phonological status is the same or different. The child’s data reveal a preference for the [-continuant] over the [+continuant] feature in reductions in all the aforementioned categories. However, the child manages quite often to utter [ts] faithfully, while clusters do not present any faithful production. So, the acquisition of [ts] precedes that of clusters. These findings support Lombardi’s (1990) Unordered Component Hypothesis, according to which the features [−continuant] and [+continuant] of affricates are unordered and are represented on two different tiers. In other words, their features are considered single-valued, namely, they are either present or absent. For the analysis of child’s tokens, Maximum Entropy Grammar is used (Goldwater & Johnson 2003), which can adequately account for the various handling of affricates.

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MARTIN CAMAJ EDHE ONOMAST (Plotësim portreti)

Author(s): Çlirim Bidollari / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2010

Dy kanë qenë pikëpjekjet e M. Camajt me onomastikën, e para në vitin 1969, e pasqyruar në trajtën e një shkrimi të shkurtër në numrin XIII të revistës "Shëjzat" të atij viti dhe e bërë e njohur për ne pënnes një bibliografie të veprave të M. Camajt, përgatitur prej studiuesit arbëresh Françesko Altimari dhe botuar në revistën Albanica nr. 2, kushtuar M. Camajt me titull "Gjurmë të popullsisë shqiptare në provincën e Piacenzës" dhe e dyta. (pikëpjekje) në numrin vijues të Shëjzave XIV të vitit 1970 nën titullin "Sprovë për gjetjen e kritereve në analizën e emnavet të vend-banimeve", paraqitur në të njëjtën bibliografi të Françesko Altimarit.

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Асаблівасці навучання кітайскіх студэнтаў беларускаму вымаўленню

Author(s): Volga Shachab / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 5/2021

The study of the Belarusian language as a spe-cialty in China began in 2017 at Tianjin Universityof Foreign Languages and is successfullycontinuing today in three universities of thecountry. The article is devoted to teachingChinese students Belarusian pronunciation.Emphasis is placed on the specifi cs directlyrelated to the phonetic properties of students’speech. The most typical errors and the factorscausing them are revealed. The algorithm ofstudents’ activity on mastering the norms ofliterary pronunciation is outlined, the mostproductive tasks at the stage of mastering theintroductory-phonetic course are listed.

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The Role of Different Intonation Contours in Social Perception

Author(s): Ákos Gocsál,Nafiseh Tadayyon-Chahartagh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

An extensive body of research has shown that speech plays an important role in social perception. Based on the acoustic quality and prosodic features of speech, listeners make inferences of the speaker’s emotional states, attitudes, personality traits, and other characteristics. Fundamental frequency (f0) and intonation seem to be crucial parameters in forming an impression about the speaker. In the present study, a female speaker, an amateur actress, read 10 Hungarian sentences. We implemented a small change to the sentences, i.e. a 2-semitone decrease of the peak frequency in the intonation contour, technically, on the stressed syllable. Thus, we had the original and a manipulated version of each sentence. Two listener groups were asked to rate the imaginary speaker using a 7-point semantic differential scale with 6 pairs of bipolar adjectives (not natural–natural, uncertain–self-confident, sad–happy, nervous–calm, unpleasant–pleasant, pessimistic–optimistic). Ratings of the original and the manipulated versions of the same sentence did not differ significantly in general. However, there were several cases where differences were significant (p < .05) or approached the conventional level of significance (p < .01), especially in the dimension of “optimism”, suggesting a less favourable state of the speaker when sentences with lowered intonation peak were heard.

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Višekodnost jezika i govora u scenskom izričaju – scenolekt

Author(s): Đurđa Škavić,Ines Carović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2-3/2024

The paper is presenting the term scenolect – speech prepared for any kind of scenes (artistic speech in theater, performing arts, movies and audiovisual media arts) and its multi-layered characteristics. Continuous work on stage speech brings every day challenges for actors, speech coaches and directors. This includes the responsibility to assume the pedagogical (learning by example) and artistic role of the audience. The surest way to ensure such quality is cooperation with language experts (language instructors) and speech coach experts (phoneticians) or some combination of these two professions. In a very broad understanding of the work of a language expert during the rehearsals of a play, it is mostly about accents, shaping the spoken message from scripted sentences, advice and recommendations about correct language forms, syntax and word choices. It is discussed about multi-codes and different layers of interweaving in the scenolect – the text layer and the voice layer: linguistic accuracy, prosody accuracy (accents, length and intonation), but also about choosing the voice timbre for a certain role, about voice care and exercises for voice and pronunciation.

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LINGUISTIC PERFORMANCES IN THE DIALECT OF MOHAMMEDIA: ANALYSIS OF PHONOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Author(s): Samera Abdelati / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2024

Although the state of the art of dialectological and sociolinguistic research concerning Moroccan dialect is nowadays satisfactory when compared to other areas of Northern Africa, the varieties of some regions still lack a comprehensive description and have never been analyzed from a structural point of view. Consequently, the aim of the present paper is to take a closer look at the variety spoken in one of those areas: Mohammedia. One of the possible reasons that lie behind this variety being not much studied may be its proximity, both dialectologically and geographically, to other mainstream cities, that have been the object of historical and linguistic studies for a long time. Thus, with the awareness that exposure to new socio-economic environments and the expansion of social networks are often responsible for language variation, this research aims at providing a description of the Arabic spoken in Mohammedia, and the way this latter is phonologically evolving, through the adoption of a cross-generational point of view. To this end, fieldwork was conducted in the city in August 2022, and data were collected through audio recordings involving informants, all women, who may represent three different age stages: early, middle and later adulthood, with the oldest informant aged 78 years old, and the youngest one 21. In this way, I will try to identify some obsolete as well as new emerging traits of the dialect in question, besides making more general considerations about it.

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DEFINITENESS IN TUNISIAN ARABIZI: SOME DATA FROM STATISTICAL APPROACHES

Author(s): Elisa Gugliotta,Angelapia Massaro,Giuliano Mion,Marco Dinarelli / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2024

We present a statistical analysis of the realization of definiteness in Tunisian Arabic (TA) texts written in Arabizi, a hybrid system reflecting some features of TA phonetics (assimilation), but also showing orthographic features, as the use of arithmographs. In §1, we give an overview of definiteness in TA from a semantic and syntactic point of view. In §2 we outline a typology of definite articles and show that TA normally marks definiteness with articles or similar devices, but also presents zero-markings or weak definites. In §3 we discuss TA and how definiteness is instantiated in TA. In §4, we present data from the Tunisian Arabizi Corpus (TAC), a multidisciplinary work with a hybrid approach based on dialectological questions, corpus linguistics standards, and deep learning techniques. In §5 we define the behavior of TA with respect to what we observed in §1, §2 and §3, describing our TAC-based analysis.

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TÜRK DİLLERİNDE VE AĞIZLARINDA HÂL SİSTEMİNİN TİPLERİ

Author(s): Meherrem Memmedli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 65/2025

The article examines the types of case in ancient and modern Turkic languages according to origin and phonetic-morphological criteria. In Turkology, there are Oghuz, Kipchak, Uyghur-Kipchak and Karluk types of case in terms of origin. Studies show that historically there was a single case form in ancient Turkic, and as a result of differentiation between languages, various forms emerged that differed from each other. According to phonetic and morphological criteria, there are three types of case in Turkic languages; simple, possessive and pronoun case. Since the specific features of pronoun case in most modern Turkic languages are limited, it does not differ significantly from simple case. Simple and possessive case developed in connection with each other, and the similarities between case and possessive suffixes indicate that both of them were formed from the same paradigm. Studies in this direction reveal the relationship between case and possessive categories. The similarity of form between the possessive and accusative cases of nouns and the second and third person possessive suffixes is preserved in modern Turkic languages as traces of historical connections. It is clear that both grammatical categories have undergone a process of development from uncertainty to certainty.

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Prosodic aspects of non-morphemic word formation

Author(s): Camiel Hamans / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper discusses three processes of non-morphemic word formation with the aim of making it clear that in addition to traditional processes of word formation, there also exists an underexposed area of non-morphemic word formation, which is located at the interface of phonology and morphology. The processes discussed are clipping, libfixing and blending. In all three processes prosodic and syllabic features appear to play an essential role. The focus of the analyzes presented here is on the formal side. Semantic aspects are only discussed in passing.

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Doktoritöö sulghäälikute häälduse varieerumisest eesti keeles

Author(s): Anton Malmi / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 3/2025

Review of: -Liis Ermus. The phonetic variation of plosives in Estonian. (Dissertationes philologiae estonicae Universitatis Tartuensis 53.) Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2024. 150 lk.

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