TÜRK DİLLERİNDE VE AĞIZLARINDA HÂL SİSTEMİNİN TİPLERİ
THE TYPES OF THE CASE SISTEM IN THE TURKIC LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS

Summary/Abstract: The article examines the types of case in ancient and modern Turkic languages according to origin and phonetic-morphological criteria. In Turkology, there are Oghuz, Kipchak, Uyghur-Kipchak and Karluk types of case in terms of origin. Studies show that historically there was a single case form in ancient Turkic, and as a result of differentiation between languages, various forms emerged that differed from each other. According to phonetic and morphological criteria, there are three types of case in Turkic languages; simple, possessive and pronoun case. Since the specific features of pronoun case in most modern Turkic languages are limited, it does not differ significantly from simple case. Simple and possessive case developed in connection with each other, and the similarities between case and possessive suffixes indicate that both of them were formed from the same paradigm. Studies in this direction reveal the relationship between case and possessive categories. The similarity of form between the possessive and accusative cases of nouns and the second and third person possessive suffixes is preserved in modern Turkic languages as traces of historical connections. It is clear that both grammatical categories have undergone a process of development from uncertainty to certainty.

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