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The article deals with the analysis of the collections in the museums of Tomsk and the Tomsk region, the collections characterizing Selkup culture. The article also deals with the history of their formation and the quantitative characteristics of the gathering and storing processes of Selkup traditional phenomena.
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The article investigates the development of Proto-Finno-Permic final vowels in the Erzya language. It is demonstrated that disappearance of the etymological final *a occurs only after *a of the first syllable, and dropping of the etymological final *ä is found only after *ä and *ü. The etymological final *i partially disappears after *o, *u, *ä, *e, *i and *ü, i. e. after all vowels of the first syllable except *a.
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The article examines the Khanty words which seem to be loaned from the Bulgar language. The phonetic and semantic analysis of their features is based on the Proto-Khanty reconstruction and data of the modern Chuvash language. It is established that the Bulgar loanwords have a broader representation in the Khanty dialects than the Siberian Tatar ones.
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Some results of the analysis (2011—2013) of M. A. Castrén’s archive materials are given in the article. The phonological accent (stress) in Enets and the Southern Khanty dialect and vowel lengthening in Koibal are noted in the materials. These (unknown earlier) facts have direct parallels in the modern languages. It is clear that in M. A. Castrén’s archive there are materials which are not analysed yet. They also concern the disappeared dialects, have great scientific value and are made with great accuracy.
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The authors deal with the dictionary of the Nizyam dialect of the Khanty language (from A to S), give a brief review of all Khanty dialects and pay attention to the inventory and allophonic variations of the Nizyam phonemes.
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The authors deal with the dictionary of the Nizyam dialect of Khanty (from T to X) and pay attention to the inventory of the Nizyam phonemes.
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In a scientific work, based on texts published in Kartluri and the latest recorded materials, positional varieties of the second subjective and third indirect objiective person sings of the verb are studied. Attention is drawn to the variety of allomorphs of person signs and identical phenomena in other dialects. Some of the signs of the person are similar to the literary language (kh-, s-, h-, 0- ), while the other part is presented in phonetic (hs-, hsh-, io-, ios-, ioh-, z-, sh- … )variety and is different depending on the angles. In Western Kartlur, under the influence of the Imer dialect, prefixes h- and s- are often lost before consonants, while in Northern, Samkhru and Shida Kartlur they are often found, but there is no certain rule in their use. As a result of the weakening of the s-prefix, we get ჲ (,,io”). This sound is not equally widespread in the speech of all parts of Kartli, although we find all its cases, which is confirmed in Kakhuri, Mthiuluri, Pshauri, Ingilour and Fereidinul... ჲh- (‘ioh’, ჲs- (‘ios’), hs-, hsh- double prefix is found in the Kaspi municipality and in the valleys of Aten and Tsedis, it appears relatively less often in the valley of Big and Little Liakhvi, it is almost not found in the nearby villages of Tskhinvali (Kurta, Kekhvi, Kemert, Achabet...), while The speech of the Fron Valley is a transition zone between Shida Kartlar and Western Kartlar. These prefixes are sometimes used in the same verb: hshchams // hschams ←scams (‘eats’); mihsdevs ← misdevs (‘follows’); moჲsts’q’vit’a ← mosts’q’vit’a (‘stopped’); gaჲhkra → gahkra (‘hit’). The conclusions obtained as a result of the research are important for the analysis of the key issues of Georgian dialectology and the structure and history of the Georgian language.
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In the present article, the adverbs of manner confirmed in Shidakartlur are studied. The research material was recorded by us in the villages of Big and Little Liakhvi, Froni, Dzama, Kavtura, Tedzmi and Ateni valleys. The latest material is analyzed and compared with dialect texts written by Georgian linguists at different times to present linguistic processes chronologically separated in time and space. Both primary (root) and verbs formed from other parts of speech are used as adverbs of situation. Nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, conjunctions and particles undergo transformation. Noteworthy are the suffixes that form the adverbs of manner - iv: tanabriv ("equally"), unobnobliv ("as a district"), tvalnatliv ("clearly")... The suffix -re is found in adverbs: agre, magre, egre " ( "yes"). ... Compound verbs : patiputad ("pantipuntad"), tolnatsilad ( " in equal parts")....All these verbs are often represented by the emphatic vowel -a. he change of emphatic vowel -i and rotation sign -d into -t sound leads to the production of parallel forms:dzalad/ dzalat//dzalata ( "force"); tsotad// tsotat// tsotata ( "little").... With the function of the adverb of the situation, the forms formed by the combination of the nominative rotation and the dative rotation of the postpositional structure are used. Adverbs of manner are mainly related to the verb, but also form pairs with other members of the sentence. Its place in the sentence is free: it can precede or follow the member of the sentence, or be separated from it by other members. The function of the transformed parts of speech is similar to the Georgian language system. Linguistic events due to the internal potential of the language, population migration and interaction with other dialects are observed. Terms borrowed from another language are not confirmed.
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Colloquial language is a territorially unlimited type of national language that is understood by the entire community of speakers and usually serves as the means of informal communication in various everyday situations, in the form of oral questions. The main characteristics of colloquial language are spontaneous oral form and informality of the speech situation. It is also characterized by a specific sentence and text structure, expressiveness, a wide spectrum of stylizing means, a specific vocabulary, diverse use of non-verbal means of communication, etc. In spoken language, a series of phonetic adjustments takes place, related to the pace of speech, rhythm (regularity of stressed words, change), continuity of speech, pauses and their duration, accuracy of articulation and sound changes. In an effort to economize language resources and make pronunciation easier, speakers sometimes pronounce a sound carelessly or reduce it, which causes both positional changes of sounds in words and a reduction in the number of syllables. The article analyses the phonetic-phonological features characteristic of the colloquial language using the data of the “LATE conversations corpus” (LATE-conversations), that are written in orthographic transcription. The analysis of LATE-conversations data enables defining several features typical of spoken language: 1) fluctuations in the quantity of vowels; 2) loss of vowels or consonants; 3) phonetic changes of a combined type, which are formed by shortened forms of verbs, shortening of words of compound numbers, imprecise, simplified three and pronunciation of foreign words with more syllables; 4) speech intonation and pauses in utterance.
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The article deals with the etymology of the place name Leipzig. Initially, it was widely believed that the Slavic word lipa ‘linden tree’ formed its basis. However, a closer examination of historical spellings, especially those cited by Thietmar von Merseburg, who was fluent in Slavic, such as Libzi and others, prompted a reassessment. Nevertheless, no attention has been paid so far to whether Germanic tribes adopted this name before or after the onset of the Germanic sound Shift. This aspect is crucial in determining which Indo-European word group can be viewed as the basis for the place name.
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An earlier article made it clear that the “hydronymic root PIE *en-/*on-” is a phantasm. Because of this, hydronyms such as Lith. Anatà and Anýkštė were explained tentatively based on the root PIE *h2en- ‘to haul (water)’. This root, however, is primarily continued in Anatolian, while attestations of the continuation of this root in Western IE languages are rare, partially even dubious. The article offers another form, potentially continuing this root in Western IE, precisely in Germanic. Thus, the assumption that the above-mentioned Lithuanian hydronyms also contain the root PIE *h2en- is supported indirectly.
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The article deals with the accentuation history of Lithuanian verbs in -(i)uoti by comparing data from modern dialects, the standard language, and accentuated old texts with the reconstructed state of affairs in the proto-language. In modern Lithuanian, verbs in -(i)uoti are characterized by stress on the suffix, while various attested cases of non-suffix stress testify to the gradual disappearance of this type of accentuation and the establishment of suffix stress. Some cases of non-suffix stress can be considered archaisms (e.g., derivatives from nouns of accentual paradigm 1), while others could be of a later origin, e.g., verbs of the types lukuriuoti and baltuoti (with root circumflex as an iconic marker of prolonged action). The latter type is characterized by a large dialectal variety of accentual types, and most of the article is devoted to the study of this variety. In the western area of dialects (especially in Lithuania Minor), non-suffix stress is also possible in other kinds of verbs, e.g., onomatopoeic and other expressive verbs, Germanisms, or remodeled verbs in -(i)oti.
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Review of: Evaldas Švageris, Jolita Urbanavičienė: LIETUVIŲ KALBOS BALSIŲ FORMANTINĘ STRUKTŪRĄ IR TRUKMĘ LEMIANČIŲ VEIKSNIŲ SĄVEIKA BEI HIERARCHIJA. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2024, 126 p. DOI https://doi.org/10.35321/e-pub.109.balsiu-veiksniaihierarchija ISBN 978-609-411-372-7
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Two Turopolje speeches by two senior officials of the Turopolje Municipal Assembly spoken on May 6, 1790 were first published by Velimir Deželić in the Vjesnik Kr. Hrvatsko slavonsko-dalmatinskoga zemaljskog arkiva for the year 1914. Two Turopolje speeches were written in the Kajkavian Croatian literary language, which is infrequently infiltrated by the phonological features of the Stokavian and Chakavian Croatian literary language. At the phonological level these are: ə reflex > a, *d` reflex > đ, change vs > sv. From the Kajkavian dialectisms that did not enter the Kajkavian Croatian literary language as a whole and throughout its duration, the change o > e stands out.
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The paper analzyes a part of phonological linguistic features of the speech of Široki Brijeg, a city in West Herzegovina. The speech of Široki Brijeg belongs to the western, Neo-Shtokavian Ikavian dialect. Linguistic material that was used in the research is a recording of Široki Brijeg speech in the villages Ljubotići, Kočerin, Potkraj, Crne Lokve and Mokro collected with a recorder from April till June 2020. The paper aims at showing the basic features of Ikavian speech of the Široki Brijeg area as well as emphasising some of the phonological features.
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The article examines the manuscript sources of the Eastern Aukštaitian subdialect of Utena dating to the 1950s–1960s, which are stored in the Dialect Archive of the Centre of Geolinguistics at the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and which have not yet been thoroughly studied by linguists from the perspective of accentuation. The study aims to determine the accentuation tendencies of declinable words found in these descriptions (presented in responses to the questions of the Program of Material Collection for the Atlas of the Lithuanian Language and in transcribed texts). Based on the substantial amount of material, the article discusses the accentuation patterns, the accentuation variants of words and word forms prevalent in the subdialect of Utena during the studied period, along with the possible reasons for their existence. A list of word forms with accentual variants within the same local dialect is provided. The study examines how the accentuation of declinable words and their forms in the Eastern Aukštaitian subdialect of Utena during the 1950s–1960s was influenced by factors such as the formation of the rule of stress retraction, the morphological levelling of paradigms, the preservation of ancient accentuation relics, the decline of the accentual and semantic model of two plural forms (simple and collective), the tendency toward oxytone accentuation, and other factors.
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The present paper focuses on the acoustic analysis of Russian speakers’ English vowel production before and after using the Duolingo application. The study aims to investigate phonetic acquisition of English vowels, particularly in the context of minimal pairs. The method chosen to achieve this objective is experimental analysis using phonetic acoustic variables – formant frequencies (F1 and F2) and vowel duration which were evaluated through spectrograms. Ten Russian-speaking volunteers participated in the experiment and were treated pre-test and post-tests. The results observed in this experiment show that Duolingo application contributed to Russian speakers’ production of tense/lax English vowel pairs /u/-/ʊ/ and /i/-/ɪ/ with F1 and F2 frequency values closer to those of British English, but no improvements were seen with the open front vowel /æ/. The duration of vowels did not see significant improvements apart from the vowel pair /u/-/ʊ/.
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This article aims to determine the relative power and hierarchy of factors that directly impact the distribution of vowels F1 and F2. For this purpose, statistical analysis (ANOVA) has been conducted. Three Lithuanian vowels [ɑː/ɐ], [uː/ʊ], and [iː/ɪ] (the so-called corner vowels), and four factors (the phonological quantity, speakers, focus, and consonants/voiceless plosives) were chosen for the analysis. The results revealed that the hierarchical order of factors primarily depends on vowelsʼ height/frontness. The consonantal factor most influences the formant structure of back vowels, while that of front vowels is more influenced by phonological quantity. Differences in factor hierarchy are reflected in several observed correlations: the openness/closeness of vowels and focus (the more open the vowel, the more its formant structure depends on the prosodic factor), the frontness/backness of vowels and voiceless plosives (the consonantal factor influences back vowels more), and phonological quantity (the formants of short and long front high vowels differed the most). This study is to be extended in the future with a larger dataset.
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This paper focuses on the ability of children with dyslexia (~8;9) and TD children (~8;2) to repeat Lithuanian non-words. Research shows that dyslexic children have difficulties with phonological processing tasks, such as encoding phonological information, retaining it in VPSTM for a certain period, and retrieving it. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the phonological difficulties of dyslexic children and may contribute to the development of more effective support.
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The article is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Udmurt linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor Valey Kel’makovich Kel’makov, who made a significant contribution to the development of Finno-Ugric linguistics; founded the scientific school “Udmurt language in the system of Permic and Finno-Ugric languages: comparative historical and typological-contactological studies”; initiator of the symposium “Permistics: Dialects and History of Permic languages in interaction with other languages”. Among the most significant discoveries of the scientist are the following: development of criteria for dialect division of the Udmurt language; creation of a modern classification of Udmurt dialects; identification and description of the most important trends of the proto-Permian stage of development of the Udmurt and Komi languages; reconstruction of Proto-Udmurt vocalism; restoration of paradigmatics and some features of syntagmatics of Proto-Udmurt consonantism; periodization of the history of Udmurt linguistics; research of the creative biography of leading linguists-researchers of Permian languages; development of the principles of teaching the Udmurt language to foreign students; formation of traditions of Udmurt textual studies, etc. The bio-bibliographic index (2022), published on the 80th anniversary of the scientist's birth, contains 527 titles of scientific works. Among them are monographs, textbooks, collections, articles, reviews, methodological developments on morphology, syntax, word formation, lexicology, lexicography, etymology, onomastics.
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