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TROUBLESOME ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS

Author(s): Giulia Suciu / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2018

English vowels – as simple as they may appear - seem to cause foreign learners of English a lot of trouble when it comes to their correct pronunciation. Mispronouncing a vowel can immediately give you away. You automatically know you’re not doing it right, but at the same time you have no clue what is wrong with your pronunciation. Being misunderstood may represent the difference between passing or failing an exam or an interview. The present paper aims to point out the main factors that make English vowels so troublesome and the variables one needs to pay attention to, in order to pronounce them correctly and avoid misunderstandings or awkward situations.

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Charakterystyka językowa polskiej gwary górali bukowińskich

Author(s): Helena Krasowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2018

The aim of this article is to examine the language characteristics of the Polish dialect of highlanders living in Carpathian Bukovina. The directions of the group’s migration are also presented in a sociolinguistic perspective. The phonetic, inflectional and word-formative features of the Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect were compared with the corresponding ones in the general Polish language. The Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect came into contact with the following language systems: among non-Slavic languages – German and Romanian; among Slavic languages – the general Polish language, Slovak, Ukrainian and Russian. The Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect is still open to influences of the local state languages – Ukrainian and Romanian; the general Polish language has also a big influence on it.

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WHAT’S IN AN ACCENT?

Author(s): Giulia Suciu / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

People move around more than ever before and every single day a person hears more foreign accents than at any time in human history. It is an irrefutable fact that regardless of where we come from, regardless of how we sound Ŕ whether we like it or not Ŕ we all have an accent. As soon as a word comes out of our mouth, people start making assumptions about our background, about our education etc. There are people who hang on to their regional and national accents as a source of pride and identity and have no desire to get rid of their accents. Yet, there are people who try to distance themselves from their origins and, in an attempt to avoid discrimination, go to a voice coach in order to learn how to speak without an accent. The question that arises is the following: Is it ok to get rid of your accent? What's left once you get rid of your accent?

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Les Groupes Consonantiques Dans L’istroroman De Dignano (Scr. Vodnjan)

Author(s): Pavao Tekavčić / Language(s): French Issue: 2/1961

Ces dialectes sont aujourd’hui réduits à l’état de patois, pour la plus grande partie inconnus aux générations nouvelles, voire même ridicules, et prêts de s’éteindre. D’une part ceci est dû à la superposition plusieurs fois centenaire du dialecte vénitien, dialecte de même souche qui, doué d’un prestige infiniment plus grand que l’istroroman autochtone, s’est imposé aux sujets parlants et a recouvert, presque absorbé, l’istroroman local; d’autre part, l’influence des dialectes serbocroates environnants s’est fait sentir sans doute très tôt, non seulement dans le lexique, mais certainement aussi dans le système phonologique; après la IL guerre mondiale cette influence devient encore plus forte. En effet, l’incohérence et l’inconséquence dans la réalisation des phonèmes, que j’ai notées moimême au cours de mon séjour à Digitano, ne peuvent à mon avis s’expliquer que par la rencontre, sur ces territoires, de différents courants linguistiques, de différents systèmes, qui ont entamé et en grande partie disloqué le système primitif de l’istroroman, aujourd’hui presque méconnaissable. [...]

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DEFINITE DETERMINATIVE ARTICLE OR OTHER MORPHEMIC STATUS?!

Author(s): Diana-Maria Roman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2017

This paper represents a study of the Contemporary Romanian Grammar and comes up with a discussion regarding the contexts where some invariable adjectives, ditamai, ditai, coşcogea, coşcogeamite, which are compulsory to be placed before a noun, ask for the common nouns after these adjectives to be enclitically articulated. The presence of the indefinite article beside these adjectives placed before the common nouns enclitically articulated complicates even more the situation, raising the problem around the morphemic status of the flective segments of enclitic article type from the final of the flective of the common nouns: it is about a definite articulation both in the content and in expression, taking into account the fact that the flective segments are homonym, or, it is actually only about a formal articulation.

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INVARIABLE AND/OR NON-FLEXIBLE WORDS?!

Author(s): Diana-Maria Roman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2017

This paper represents a study of the Contemporary Romanian Language and comes up a discussion regarding the concepts used so often in grammars: invariable and non-flexible opposite to variable and flexible, terms which are described by a form feature. In the most grammar treaties, the invariable became totally assimilated by the non-flexible, as the variable became totally assimilated by flexible, the terms being used in free variation. However, there are some authors who analyses differently the concept of invariability, aspect which highlights the fact that the discussion has to be opened again in the most serious way, as in many flexible lexical-grammar classes of the Romanian language appear lexemes which are considered invariables, but which are not all also non-flexible.

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LA VARIATION SUFFIXALE ENTRE NORME ET ADHÉSION ACOUSTIQUE

Author(s): Christiane Félicité Ewane Essoh / Language(s): French Issue: 01/2019

La variation suffixale fait partie des faits grammaticaux insuffisamment explorés. Tout en reconnaissant la productivité des autres procédés de création lexicale, la présente étude privilégie à dessein la dérivation, plus précisément, la dérivation suffixale.

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Slovene and Vojvodina Rusyn Sonorants – A Contrastive Analysis Study

Author(s): Robert Grošelj / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The article discusses the similarities and differences between Slovene and Vojvodina Rusyn sonorants. Slovene and Vojvodina Rusyn sonorants are divided into two groups, vowels and consonantal sonorants, and analysed, i.e. described and compared, in terms of phoneme subinventories, allophones and their effect on voicing. With regard to sonorants, the contrastive phonemic analysis shows considerable differences between Slovene and Vojvodina Rusyn.

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На хторим язику кукурика когут? Ономатопейски интерєкциї домашнїх животиньох у язику войводянских Руснацох

Author(s): Aleksandar Mudri / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

The aim of this paper is to present exclamations, that is, onomatopoeic interactions in Ruthenian language in Vojvodina, Serbia. A combination of field research and excerpts of the Ruthenian dictionary has collected the material that is the subject of this research. The collected material is analyzed in the context of the Slavic languages of the Carpathian region. The analysis has shown that one of the characteristics of onomatopoeic interactions is semantic non-transparency. These interactions does not signify more emotions, or the complex of ideas. A two-step analysis has shown that the languages and speeches of the Carpathian region often have very similar forms of onomatopoeic interactions and that the effects of other languages after the immigration to Bačka are not noticeable.

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RAZVOJ FONOLOGIJE ENGLESKOG JEZIKA KROZ HISTORIJU

Author(s): Sanela Lutvić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2015

The human act of producing sounds as an act of communication between people is amazing itself. The questions according the nature of human communication, the nature of different combination of sounds in mother or foreign language, accents and other remarks are constantly present. However, on the most of these questions, linguistics had given the answer. It is said that phonology is „grammar“ of sound, so then the nature of phonology is explained by linguistic analyse. In this paper is given a review of phonology as a linguistics subdiscipline and his formation through history. The paper has presented some of the most important theories of former linguistic schools and their attitude to phonology of English language.

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PRONUNCIATION CLASSES: ACCENT IS NOT A CONCERN

Author(s): Lina Omran / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2016

This article discusses what should be taught in an adult-foreign-language or second-language-pronunciation class. Although many learners are concerned about their accent and their needs should be considered, mainly, intelligibility should be the focus. Intelligibility is achievable while accent elimination is hard to accomplish for adults if not impossible. In addition to some factors that contribute to intelligibility, such as intonation and stress, articulatory settings, sounds, and awareness, functional load is mainly related to intelligibility.

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Pśinosk k dolnoserbskej ortoepiji na zakłaźe projekta awdijowych datajow za nimsko-dolnoserbski internetowy słownik

Author(s): Fabian Kaulfürst / Language(s): Sorbian languages Issue: 1/2019

This article introduces the project “Creation and Integration of Audio Data Files in the German-Lower Sorbian Internet Dictionary and summarises its results in relation to Lower Sorbian orthoepy. It documents the procedural method for recording information on pronunciation in the online dictionary, the technical production using special software and the steps in quality control. The main part of this piece presents the preliminary pronunciation rules, which formed the basis of the project. For this purpose disparate information on orthoepy from a number of different sources were collected and compared, critically examined and extended. A number of comments on articulation and pronunciation difficulties for language learners were developed on the basis of experiences from the recordings. The article deals with, amongst other things, accent, syllable boundaries, vowel quantity, assimilation and co-articulation phenomena and indicates the need for further research. This applies amongst other things to the different production qualities of <e> in different positions as well as in the connection with further phenomena, e. g. with de-palatalisation of preceding consonants. There is also need for further research into different assimilation phenomena as well as into possible generalisations (e. g. in the production of the prefix <pśe> as [pɕɛ] also preceding soft consonants). The largest research gaps appear in the area of the pronunciation of foreign and loan words; it is for this reason that the article restricts itself largely to the Lower Sorbian lexis of proto-Slavonic origin.

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Genitiv množine imenica ženskog roda e-vrste – norma i jezička praksa

Author(s): Aida Kršo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 29/2018

Female gender-case nouns ending in -a can have different genitive plural forms depending on if a noun’s root ends is a consonant/cluster; the root can end in lj, m, r, v or k; it can also be a consonant cluster db, džb, žb, or finally the noun in front -ka suffix can have a voiceless root. Above mentioned rules based on root ending clearly determine the form of nouns’ plural genitive. However language practice shows frequent exceptions to these rules caused by either too loose a rule itself or insufficient knowledge of grammar. To fix the mistakes that occur in everyday use of the language and also to resolve the dilemma such as what the correct from of genitive of certain nouns is (for example for bilješka / note is it a bilježaka or bilješki; for narudžba / order: narudžaba or narudžbi; for višnje / cherry: višanja or višnji; the language norm needs to be re-inspected, the grammar rules followed but also the familiarity of what the word sounds like to the native speakers needs to be taken into consideration.

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Zamjena dugog jata u govoru Bošnjaka Srebrenice

Author(s): Refik Bulić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2007

In the literature about Bosnian and Herzegovinian speeches, some scholars think that ekavian-jekavian the substitution of yat in long syllables has been present m the speeches of Bosniaks of Srebrenica. Such substitution of yat has not been confined in Questionnaire for Studying Bosnian and Herzegovinian Speeches. Words in which long yat could be found are noted down only with ijekavian reflexes.

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Zamjena dugog jata u govoru Bošnjaka Novog Šehera kod Maglaja

Author(s): Refik Bulić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2004

There are different data of the long yat substitution in the speech of Bosniaks of Novi Šeher which can be found in dialectological works. This dilemma had been solved in this paper and it was shown that this speech has Ekavian yat substitution in the long syllables.

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Bosanskohercegovački dijalekatski kompleks… i bosanska standardnojezička norma

Author(s): Naila Valjevac / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2003

Officially, there are three standard languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina nowadays: Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. Croatian and Serbian are not variants of Bosnian language, although it could be so, but they are same standards used in Croatia and Serbia. In distinction from the other two, Bosnian language is limited only to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Due to „unfeeling“, or, maybe also „feeling“ of BH socio-political community, as well as its direct consumers, today, after the war euphoria, Bosnian language stands at the margin of public priorities. However, former extensive scientific research in Bosnian-Herzegovinian dialect complex, rich literature and language heritage and standard language needs, oblige us all to return to the Bosnian language and, as it is the case with other two languages, give it a scientific background and standard security. Founded on its own speech and literature and language tradition, not sufficiently known to the public, Bosnian language is a common heritage of Bosnian, but special care of Bosniak people.

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Pitanje ikavskog supstrata u ijekavskim govorima tuzlanskoga kraja

Author(s): Refik Bulić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2003

For a long period of time there is a common thesis in south-Slavic dialectology that in premigratory period in the area between Bosna and Drina rivers happened ikavica substitution of jat. This thesis was based on the fact that ikavica forms were noted down in some written documents from pre-Turkish and early Turkish period. Here analyzed written monuments cannot be sure evidence of ikavica substratum in the speeches of Tuzla' s area, and few toponims with jat preserved in Tuzla' s area can ot confirm the conclusion about earlier ikavica form.

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Aspekti leksičko-semantičke interferencije i adaptacije

Author(s): Hanka Glibanović-Vajzović / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/1991

Die sprachliche Interferenz, als ein Resultat zweier Kulturen und Zivilisationei, kommt meist bei der Lexik zum Ausdruck. Die zwischensprachlichen Kontakte und die Interferenz sind durch verschiedene Umstande inner- und ausserlinguistischer Natur bedingt und charakterisiert, die keine statische, sondern eine zeitlich veranderliche Kategorie sind, so dass sich alle sprachlichen und aussersprachlichen Veranderungen direkt in der Anzahl, im Status und Schicksal von Lehnworten in einer bestimmten Sprache widerspiegeln. In der Arbeit wird auf eine grosse Anzahl von verschiedenen aussersprachlichen und sprachlichen Faktoren hingewiesen, die sowohl diachronisch als auch synchronisch die Existenz, den Status und das Schicksal von Lehnwortern bestimmter Herkunft beeinflussen konnen. Ausserdem werden die Moglichkeiten eines exakten und umfassenden Verfahrens bei der Erforschung von Fremdwortern analysiert. Die Effizienz dieses Verfahrens und die Resultate der Analyse werden bei der Lexik orientalischer Herkunft im Serbokroatischen getestet und angewandt.

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O „unutarnjim“ odlikama sumartinskog govora

Author(s): Ljiljana Stančić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/1991

Die Arbeit behandelt ein interessantes Idiom, »die stokawische Oase auf einer tschakawischen Insel« - die Mundart des Ortes Sumartin auf der Insel Brač: Die Arbeit enthalt wichtigste Angaben über die Herkunft der Bewohner dieses Ortes, uber die Geschichte ihrer Sprache und die standigen - Kampfe um deren Erhaltung, aber der Hauptakzent liegt auf der Interpretation gewisser »innerer« Merkmale der Sumartiner Mundart. Über die »ausseren« Merkmale dieses Idioms -wurde bei uns schon genügend und kompetent geschrieben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit tritt ein vernachlassigter Aspekt bei der Beschreibung unserer -Mundarten in den Vordergrund - expressive Ausdrücke und expressive Lexik, da auch die pragmatische Ebene die Merkmale einer Sprache bestimmt.

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Pridevski sufiksi i akcenat

Author(s): Stanimir Rakić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/1990

In this paper I argue that the great majority of adjective suffixes form a layer in the lexicon which blocks the accent rule of Serbo-Croatian. I hypothesize that the accent rule of Serbo-Croatian has the following form: (SA) The accent falls on the penultima. This SA rule refers to so-called rising accents. I assume with Browne and McCaley (1965) that falling accents are only »defaut« accents of unaccented morphemes. A great deal of exceptions to SA rule is accounted for by the existence of a special layerin the lexicon formed by adjective suffixes which blocks the application of this rule. I hope that the indications brought out in this paper for the existence of such layer in the lexicon may be a step towards the construction of lexical phonology of Serbo-Croatian. I must, however, note that SA is still a hypothesis which can be fully justified only by the complete theory of Serbo-Croatian accentuation. The present paper has only the aim to provide a segment of it.

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