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IMPLICATIONS OF PERCEPTIVE AND PHONETIC GAMES UPON VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT IN PRE-SCHOOL AGE

Author(s): Claudia Stoica,Liliana Mâța / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of perceptive and phonetic games in the development of the vocabulary of pre-school children. These games contribute to differentiate sounds phonetically and perceptively and to pronounce them correctly during teaching language activities, determining a dynamic reception of contents in kindergarten. The research method used is the pedagogical experiment of an ascertaining and formative type. The outcomes, after implementing perceptive and phonetic games, indicate that a progress regarding the correct pronunciation of words without omissions or inversions of sound groups and a progress obtained in vocabulary, regarding perceptive and phonetic elements. The integration of the perceptive and phonetic games in language educating classes led to the achievement of some real progress in what concerns pre-school children’s ability to correctly pronounce sounds, groups of sounds and whole words.

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Usage et fonction des verbes d’apparence dans le discours argumentatif

Author(s): Alina Elena Ganea / Language(s): French Issue: 2-II/2010

Argumentative discourse uses diverse techniques in order to meet its imperative, namely that of persuading the audience. This paper analyses the use of two French verbs, i.e. sembler and paraître (Engl. seem) in argumentation utilizing the assets of evidentiality, a recently developed theory that investigates the linguistic expression of information source in an utterance. Within this theoretical background, these two verbs, which are traditionally related to the appearance, a subcategory of epistemic modality, may be analysed as expressing perceptive (visual) and inferential evidential meanings. This paper analyses structures incorporating sembler and paraître in order to point to the way they can be instrumental in argumentation.

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O priezvisku Hrianka

Author(s): Péter Király / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2003

The word hrianka ‘toast (bread)’, having a Middle Slovak phonetic form, derives from the Proto-Slavic verb greję, gnjati. This toast is made in several delicious varieties and used even for curing headache and stomach ache. As a personal name, it is dated from 1688. A man called Hrianka changed his name for Hollos in 1908. His son is Attila Hollos, the editor of Studia Slavica. The author of this paper greets him on his 70th birthday.

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O kilku rzekomych i autentycznych archaizmach białoruskich

Author(s): Bogumił Ostrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2002

The aim of this article is to find the answer whether there exist the masculines and neuters from the Proto-Slavonic ‘i-theme’ declension in the area of Mohylev (Belorussia). I was determined to pay my special attention to this problem after the research work on Краёвы слоУвнік усходняй МагшеУшчыны by I. K. Bialkevic (editors: M. B. Biryła i A. A. Kryvicki, Minsk 1970). In conclusion, taking all the language facts into my consideration, I think that it is not possible to give a straightforward answer to the question with a view to frequently repeatable publishing errors. According to this fact, it is no doubt about the substantive ресепь—the only clear and certain example of ‘i-theme’ declension from the group of supposed Mohylev archaisms. The other ones are questionable and need to be studied with full particulars in the future.

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Язык и диалект

Author(s): Gergely Benedek / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-3/2003

The paper examines the Rusyn dialect spoken in the village of Komlóska and the surrounding region in Hungary. The ancestors of this Unitarian population moved to this area from the Counties of Sáros and Zemplén (present-day north-east Slovakia) and the northern part of the Carpathian territory (the historical Galicia) in the 17th century. This dialect shows a large number of common properties with the Subcarpathian East Slavic dialect and the Ukrainian language. Rusyns living in a Slovak as well as Hungarian ethnic and linguistic environment have been isolated from the Ukrainian lands for nearly a thousand years. As a consequence, over the centuries their dialect has obtained some specific features absent from other Slavonic dialects and languages. Literary works and a monthly newspaper in Budapest keep being published in this Rusyn dialect. Inhabitants of Komlóska are taught their mother tongue as an optional subject at school. Therefore, this Rusyn dialect can be considered a “microlanguage” used both in spoken and written form.

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ROLA NAUCZYCIELA JAKO PRZEWODNIKA PO WYMOWIE POLSKIEJ

Author(s): Michalina Biernacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2014

The aim of this paper is to look at the role of the Polish language teacher in the process of teaching Polish pronunciation. It addresses the problems involving the basic rules of teaching phonetics, reactions to learners’ errors, error correction, and the linguistic norm. Separately, it emphasizes the qualities which a teacher should possess to encourage rather than discourage the students to exercise phonetics.

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POJĘCIE KOMPETENCJI FONOLOGICZNEJ VEL FONETYCZNEJ – ROZWAŻANIA TERMINOLOGICZNE

Author(s): Michalina Biernacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2013

The aim of this article is to specify the term phonological competence with reference to teaching Polish as a foreign language. The author identifies the subingredients of the phonological competence, emphasizes the need to create suitable curricula, which would take into consideration the correct development of the phonological competence. She also analyzes the very term phonological competence, which is often used interchangeably with the terms phonetic competence and general phonetic awareness and skills. The author presents arguments for the use of the term phonological competence and emphasizes the need to distinguish it from the other terms.

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Милозвучність як естетична ознака мовлення. Особливості евфонії польської та інших слов’янських мов

Author(s): Olga Gaiseniuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 48/2014

Euphony as an Esthetical Feature of the Speech. The Euphonic Attributes of Polish and Other Slavic Languages The essay is dedicated to the esthetical aspect of language. When speaking, people usually pay more attention to the sense of the expression in the lexical level mainly. However vowels are the smallest elements in the system of language, also play rather important role in it. The special use of vowels can influence the perception of the text so that the esthetical function of language is realized. This is the main task of euphony – the phonetic phenomenon of harmonic combination of vowels aimed on the esthetic influence on the recipient. There are several basic aspects of euphony: the variety of vowels, the harmonic combination of vowels according to the simple articulation, the balance between vocals and consonants, the sonority of speech and specific prosody. These phonetic means make the speech melodic and similar to singing. The affect of cacophony appears when pronunciation is difficult or unpleasant to the ear. 138 Olga Gaiseniuk The Slavic languages among others are also characterized by some means of euphony. The functioning of these means was analyzed on the material of the Lord’s Prayer and International Covenant on Civil and International Law as parallel texts. It was found that in all Slavic languages the balance is kept between vocals and consonants. The processes of assimilation, dissimilation and simplification in the groups of sounds help to achieve the harmony of articulation. Phonetic alternations and morphological changes make speech various. The tendency to euphony appeared in the period of Preslavic language, where the Law of open syllables existed. The Polish language also includes the means of euphony. Their usage was examined in the fragment of radio program. The speakers should formulate their statements according to the aspects of euphony in order to bring the esthetical pleasure for the listeners. Then the speech becomes the real process of creating art.

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ĆWICZENIA KOMUNIKACYJNE A NAUCZANIE FONETYKI JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO

Author(s): Michalina Biernacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

The aim of this article is to show the possibility of using communicative exercises when teaching Polish phonetics to foreigners. The communicative approach, which is oriented toward effective communication, leads to using the techniques based on materials that are authentic, quasi-authentic or only resemble authentic language. Such materials, which include correct pronunciation and perception, are wrongly considered to be difficult to obtain.

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PREZENTACJE MULTIMEDIALNE JAKO METODA KSZTAŁCENIA UMIEJĘTNOŚCI BUDOWANIA TEKSTÓW MÓWIONYCH WŚRÓD STUDENTÓW JAPOŃSKICH

Author(s): Barbara Morcinek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2011

Multimedia presentation used as an educational method for improving speaking abilities are very efficient while working abroad with a one-nationality group. The system of presentation and peer assessment created especially for Japanese students of Polish seemed to be very helpful in developing speaking skills. During three semesters, students worked on presentations about Japanese cities – in the first semester, about Polish cities – in the second semester, and finally a selected issue of Polish or Japanese culture – in the third semester. Cooperation in giving grades to classmates helped the students listen more carefully and selectively to the presentations and to concentrate on such aspects as grammar, phonetics, the level of understanding, the construction of the presentation, and the proper choice of pictures. Working with that method is very effective and helps students develop more language independence.

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Elementy gwarowe w polszczyźnie mówionej najstarszego pokolenia radomszczan

Author(s): Rafał Zarębski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2002

L’article concerne les traces dialectales dans la langue de la plus ancienne génération des h abitants de Radomsko, nés à la campagne et qui habitent actuellement dans la ville. Après la présentation de l’histoire de Radomsko, l’auteur décrit les processus de l’origine dialectale dans la langue polonaise parlée des habitants dans le domaine de la phonétique, de la flextion et de la syntaxe. La partie «Les remarques sur la dérivation des noms propres» est consacrée à l’anthroponymie dialectale qui fonctionne dans la conscience langagière des informateurs. Sur l’analyse du matériel au niveau phonétique, morphologique et syntaxique, l’auteur constate que dans la langue des h abitants apparaissent les éléments dialectaux possédants l’intensité différente. Ces éléments existent à côté des formes littéraires qui montrent tout de même la tendance expensive.

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Aphasia: the Case Study

Author(s): Kamila Ciepiela / Language(s): English Issue: 36/1997

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad językiem pięcioletniego chłopca, który w wyniku uszkodzeń mózgu powstałych w czasie porodu nie rozwinął mowy właściwej. Po wnikliwych badaniach okazało się, że chłopiec cierpi na afazję. Afazja została zdefiniowana przez R. Jakobsona jako poważna utrata lub ograniczenie rozumienia i produkcji mowy następujące w wyniku uszkodzenia mózgu lub dysfunkcji neurologicznych [ J a k o b s o n 1971]. Artykuł zawiera analizę języka afatycznego dziecka w czterech głównych poziomach języka czyli: fonologii, morfologii, składni i dyskursie. W każdym poziomie przedstawiany jest deficyt językowy afatyka i przeprowadzone analizy ilościowe i jakościowe. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań i testów wskazują, że dziecko znajduje się na etapie „dwóch słów” lub mowy telegraficznej i udowadniają, że akwizycja języka u dziecka afatycznego przebiega podobnie jak u dziecka normalnego. Afatyk stosuje te same zasady w przyswajaniu języka, a kolejność przyswajania poszczególnych elementów mowy jest bardzo zbliżona do tej obserwowanej u dzieci normalnych.

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Z historii białoruskiej gramatykografii: Rękopiśmienne gramatyki Karusia Kahańca i Antona Łuckiewicza w aspekcie porównawczym

Author(s): Hermann Bieder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2014

The article discusses early attempts of codification of modern Belarusian literary language made by an artist Karus Kahanets and a politician Anton Lutzkevich, the authors of handwritten unpublished school grammars, at the beginning of the 20th century. A comparative analysis revealed close connection between the two grammars in the field of phonetics, morphology and linguistic terminology.

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Akcentowe warianty wyrazowe w teorii językoznawstwa normatywnego oraz w świadomości językowej nauczycieli

Author(s): Krystyna Wojtczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/1996

В работе рассматривается ряд слов с хиатусом, т.е. сочетанием звуков по типу гласная + гласная, ср. hydraulik, aula, troluar, kauczuk и т.п. Такое словесное объединение вычленяется нами в качестве источника произносительных вариантов, в том числе, вариантов ненормативных, словарно не закрепленных, ошибочных. С этой точки зрения данные слова еще не были нредметом анализа в лингьистической литературе, хотя выделение лексических групп (в отношении ударения) регулярно прослеживается в языковедческих исследованиях. К числу традиционно выделяемых группировок слов с ударением на третем слоге с конца принадлежат, к примеру, слова оканчивающиеся на -ika/-yka, сп. logika, etyka и т.п.; на -ula, ср. kanikuła, formula, reguła и другие. Анкетные данные, которые приводятся в статье, позволяют утверждать, что словам с хиатусом в современном польском языке свойственна тенденция ставить ударение на третий слог с конца. Такие слова могут воздействовать и на исконную лексику. Вполне возможно, чот они оказывают влияние па произношение лексемы nauka, где ударным все чаще становится обозначенный слог, хотя эта особенность еще не фиксируется в нормативных источниках. Проблема произношения слов с хиатусом рассматривается в статье на фоне различных вопросов, связанных с особенностями функционирования ударения в польском языке.

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Grupy spółgłoskowe w "Modlitwach Wacława"

Author(s): Zdzisława Staszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/1995

Among the dialectal phrases selected on the basis of the analysis of the materiał concerning the development of consonant clusters in Modlitwy Wacława, the features testifying to the Małopolska character of the relic in ąuestion form a qualitative and a quantitative majority: a) the form of wszytek (without „s”); b) the cluster of „wsz-” (without reductions and simplifications); c) the forms with the cluster „śr” (the lype of środa) d) the pronunciation of twirdzić; e) the forms of the type mowa (with the reduction of „ł”). The properties ascribed to the Wielkopolska dialect are less numerous and usually supported by a smaller number of examples. Such a state of affairs allows one to: a) verify the previously advanced views that Modlitwy Wacława are a relic from Wielkopolska; b) to State that forras like ojca, ujrzał - origmally identified with the Wielkopolska dialect - have, in the 15th century, become widespread also in Małopolska, sińce they appear in Modlitwy Wacława. Estimating the chronological layers of the analysed prayerbook, it should be emphasized that the most modem language elements appear in its second part, while the oldest ones in the third part.

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ZHVILLIMI I GRUPEVE KONSONANTIKE NË TË FOLMET E KOSOVËS

Author(s): Naser Pajaziti / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 47/2017

Attempts were made to treat the development path of the consonant groups in Kosova dialects. The focus was on the development, reflection and dissemination of consonant groups in different dialects of Kosova based on the dialectic data and writing from the past that are available startign from those of the old writers (Buzuku, Bardhi, Bogdani), followed by Tahir efendi Boshnjaku, Sheh Maliqi, and other various authors. Also, the views of various researchers have been emphasized who have given different views on the development of these groups. The focus has been specifically been placed on the evolution of these consonant groups whereby the use of dialects has very often led to their assimilation.

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Оним «Каялы» в Ипатьевской летописи

Author(s): Lyudmyla Zarembo / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article represents the first part of the book devoted to the semantic-grammatical and phonetic features, idea-stylistic functions of the name of the Kayala river. The history of the problem is summarized. The researcher applies traditional procedures of the analysis and attempts to examine phonetic-semantic content of Kayala, treating the word as an organizing center of chronicler’s poetry and religious-didactic motifs of his storytelling. Elements of epic structure, systems of poetic figures have been distinguished.

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Пытанні фанетыкі i акцэнту ў рукапіснай “Беларускай граматыцы” Антона Луцкевіча (Вільня 1916)

Author(s): Hermann Bieder / Language(s): Belarusian Issue: 4/2012

This paper discusses the questions of Belarusian phonetics and stress in the light of data found in unpublished A. Lutzkyevich’s “Belarusian Grammar” which is regarded to be the first attempt to codify new Belarusian literary language. The author of the manuscript was an eminent activist of the national movement during World War I. His “Grammar” includes chapters focused on phonetics and morphology. The article concentrates on general remarks on phonetics as well as advantages and disadvantages of A. Lutzkyevich’s idea of classification of Belarusian vowels and consonants Although stress did not receive special attention in the manuscript, the author describes the features of unstable word stress in phonetics (pronunciation of the so-called “akaniye”), morphology (inflexion of nouns, adjectives and verbs), general language vocabulary, and terminology. Given the inconsistency of the contemporary Belarusian orthography, the author of the article considers the analysis and interpretation of the stress placement and comments on the abovementioned features of stress.

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Fonetyka a socjologia: wzdłużenie samogłosek angielskich w mowie dwóch pokoleń imigrantów polskich w Wielkiej Brytanii

Author(s): Ewa Waniek-Klimczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/1992

Vowel lengthening as a clue for voicing of the following consonant has been chosen as one of the phonetic parameters used in the sample analysis of the English production of two generations of Polish immigrants in Britain. The hypothesis discussed in the paper concerns the influence of the speaker s attitude towards the major speech community - English speech community in this case - on the use of the chosen parameter. The choice of vowel lengthening has been based on the expected difficulty in the employment of the clue by the native speakers of Polish. The results are complex: although they verify the main claim, they also point to the need for further research in the area of the speech of immigrants as the learners of the second language in natural environment.

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The sign-test for significance used in support of new concepts of meaning

Author(s): Kamila Turewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 24/1990

Polish ar.d English phonological systems differ considerably in terms of vowel-consonant relationship. Polish is a syllable timed language with no phonemic vowel duration distinction and an obligatory rule of word final consonant devoicing1. The word final consonant devoicing rule is traditionally believed to be neutralizing, i.e., suspending contrast, which excludes the possibility of vowel duration use as a cue for the underlying voicing of the following word final consonant by native speakers of Polish. Although the neutralizing statue of the rule has been questioned by Slowiaczek and Dinnsen [1985], we shall accept the assumption of complete neutralization in Polish word final consonants as valid for the purpose of comparison with English; further discussion of this issue will follow the presentation of the data.

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