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REZULTATELE PRELIMINARE ALE CERCETĂRILOR ARHEOLOGICE DE LA ISACCEA – NOVIODUNUM (JUD. TULCEA): SECTOR CURTINĂ 1 (2009-2013)

REZULTATELE PRELIMINARE ALE CERCETĂRILOR ARHEOLOGICE DE LA ISACCEA – NOVIODUNUM (JUD. TULCEA): SECTOR CURTINĂ 1 (2009-2013)

Author(s): Dan Aparaschivei,George-Aurelian Bilavschi / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2016

At approximately 3.5 km east of Isaccea and about 115 km away from the mouths of the Danube the remains of the Roman-Byzantine fortification of Noviodunum were discovered. The fortress was placed near the most important ford along the main road linking the Black Sea and central and southern Europe. In keeping with the objectives of previous years, in 2009-2013 we continued the archaeological excavations in SC1 (Sector Curtain 1 – the ditch is 8.70 m wide and 20.50 m long). Our main goals were to acquire new data on the building technique of the precincts, to elucidate the chronological sequence of the stone wall restoration, and to investigate the dwellings and other archaeological complexes from inside and outside the fortress during the Byzantine epoch and the Middle Ages. Discovered during the excavations was an impressive quantity of ceramics (both, common and glazed pots (produced in Byzantine and Golden-Horde potteries), terracotta and tiles, objects of adornment (bracelets made by braided metal wires or glassy paste, beads, bells, etc.), small fragments of colored glass, pieces of various household objects, several types of bone artifacts decorated by incision, coins (Roman-Byzantine, Byzantine, Tatar or Genoese-Tatar), nails, spikes, cramps, etc.

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PROSPECTĂRILE GEOMAGNETICE DE LA SCÂNTEIA

PROSPECTĂRILE GEOMAGNETICE DE LA SCÂNTEIA

Author(s): Cornelia-Magda Lazarovici,Carsten Mischka / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Over the time several magnetic prospectings have been performed for the investigation of the site: 1993-1994, M. Ghiţă, G. Manea; 2001-2004, Fl. Scurtu; 2007, 2015, C. Mischka; 2008, D. Micle, L. Măruia. Some of the magnetic anomalies have been verified through excavations (Surfaces I-VII/1995-2005). According to the last magnetic prospecting the site includes a very complex defensive system; two ditches surround an area of 6ha (external ditch) and respectively 4ha (internal ditch). Moreover, in the southern part another ditch has a parallel route with the two mentioned ditches. On the S and W part this ditch seems to have had a 5-8m width, while the others 3-5m. This outermost ditch does not have a clear outline on the N part. In the middle of the external ditch there is an entrance (6-7m) bordered by two parallel edges, 15m long, permitting the access. If to these ditches we add the defensive wall(crossed by our excavations in 2005), and the possible palisade (Fig. 10), as well as the entrance, we can consider the settlement as a real fortress. In the inner ditch (enclosing 4ha) 55 dwellings with massive fired clay structures have been identified; we should also consider some unburned dwelling with rectangular foundation ditches which have not given enough signals to be integrated into magnetograms.

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DIN NOU DESPRE CERAMICA „HOARDEI DE AUR” DIN TERITORIUL DINTRE CARPAŢI ŞI PRUT

DIN NOU DESPRE CERAMICA „HOARDEI DE AUR” DIN TERITORIUL DINTRE CARPAŢI ŞI PRUT

Author(s): Paraschiva-Victoria Batariuc / Language(s): Romanian,French Issue: 1/2010

Dans le vaste espace qui se trouvait sous la maîtrise du khan de Saraï, dans les zones avec vie citadine de Crimée, au nord du Caucase, Horezm, sur le cours inférieur de la Volga, mais aussi dans l’interfleuve situé entre le Prout et le Dniestr, on a produit une espèce céramique connue dans la littérature de spécialité soviétique sous le nom de «céramique rougeâtre – jaunâtre» (krasno-jeltaja keramika). La céramique rougeâtre – jaunâtre est caractérisée par une pâte très fine, avec du sable bluté et de rares granules de calcaire, avec des surfaces lisses et facilement poussiéreuses au toucher. Elle a été modelée au tour avec giration moyenne et a été brûlée en atmosphère oxydante de manière unitaire, les parois présentant une couleur rougeâtre – jaunâtre uniforme, dont elle a pris le nom. Les formes rencontrées sont l’amphore avec deux anses, la cruche en forme d’amphore, la cruche de dimensions moyennes et petites, prévue avec bec de fuite, des pots avec une ou deux anses, des poêles globulaires avec deux anses, des pots de petites dimensions, des brocs. La grande majorité des vases qui s’encadrent dans la catégorie de la céramique rougeâtre – jaunâtre présente un répertoire décoratif appartenant au registre géométrique : des lignes striées ou en vagues, simples ou en bandes, des guirlandes incisées, des impressions réalisées avec un instrument similaire à un peigne disposées obliquement, des lignes lustrées, verticales ou en réseau. La céramique rougeâtre – jaunâtre a été découverte surtout dans un périmètre limité à l’est du Dniestr, à l’ouest du Siret, au nord du basin inférieur de Răut et de Bahlui et au sud de celui de Botna. Des pots et des fragments de pots ont été découverts à Orheiul Vechi, Costeşti, Lazova, Cetatea Albă, Chilia, Hansca, et dans les territoires à l’ouest du Prout, dans les habitats de Pâlneşti Vaslui, Bîrlad–Prodana, Hlincea, ainsi qu’aux environs du Danube, à Păcuiul lui Soare et Tichileşti, dans le département de Tulcea. Les dimensions réduites des fragments découverts à l’ouest du Prout ne permettent pas l’établissement avec précision du répertoire de formes. On peut supposer que la grande majorité de ces fragments proviennent de bols sans anse, mais aussi de cruches de grandes dimensions, avec une ou deux anses. Les plus nombreux fragments appartenant à «la céramique citadine» ont été découverts dans l’habitat de Mihoveni–Cahla Morii (des fragments qui proviennent de plus de 30 vaisse aux différents). La présence des fragments céramiques qui appartiennent à «la céramique citadine» en centres compris dans l’espace d’entre les Carpates et le Prout, des territoires qui ne se sont pas trouvés de manière directe sous la domination de la Horde, étant seulement contrôlés par les Tatars, peut être mise en liaison avec l’activité des marchands qui, à l’abri offert par Pax Mongolica, ont véhiculé de divers produits orientaux, tout en commençant avec le milieu du XIV-ème siècle et presque jusqu’à sa fin.

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CAHLE CU ACVILE BICEFALE ÎN MOLDOVA MEDIEVALĂ(SECOLELE XV–XVII)

CAHLE CU ACVILE BICEFALE ÎN MOLDOVA MEDIEVALĂ(SECOLELE XV–XVII)

Author(s): Rodica Popovici / Language(s): Romanian,French Issue: 1/2010

Du répertoire riche et varié des thèmes et des motifs décoratifs se trouvant sur les carreaux de poêle de la Moldavie médiévale se détache un nombre important d’éléments héraldiques auxquels on a accordé une attention particulière et qui sont restés, dans le temps, au centre de préoccupations constantes. Parmi les elements héraldiques qu’on y rencontre plus rarement, surtout aux XVe –XVIe siècles, on a considéré la représentation de l’aigle bicéphale sur les carreaux de poêle moldaves avec la prudence naturelle qu’implique la presence de ce symbole. Le nombre extrêmement réduit d’images qu’on pourrait ou que l’on peut attributer à l’aigle bicéphale, la réalisation plastique, qui n’est pas toujours convaincante, a suscité des controverses autour de ce sujet. L’aigle à deux têtes apparaît à cette époque-là en deux hypostases distinctes: seul, comme représentation centrale dans la surface du carreau (fig. 1/1), ou avec d’autres éléments de source héraldique, en scènes qui se laissent difficilement décrypter (fig. 1/2). Les carreaux de poêle les plus anciens ayant l’image de l’aigle bicéphale sont connus des découvertes de la Cour Princière de Vaslui, datés du temps des descendants d’Alexandre le Bon, au milieu du XVe siècle (fig. 2/2–11). D’autres images appartiennent à la fin du XVe, par les découvertes du quartier des artisans de Suceava (fig.1/1) et à la première moitié du XVIe siècle, par celles de la Cour Princière de Vaslui (fig. 1/1). Durant presque un siècle et demi, on ne rencontre plus de carreaux de poêle à aigle bicéphale dans les découvertes de Moldavie. Ils réapparaissent pendant le règne de Vasile Lupu, surtout à la fin de celui-ci, ceux qu’on a découverts dans la proximité du monastère Barnovschi, bien datés, en témoignent pleinement (fig. 5/1–2). On rencontre les images les plus nombreuses vers la fin du XVIIe – milieu du siècle suivant et elles se fontre marquer par plusieurs variantes, ce qui suppose non seulement un départ chronologique, mais une certaine preference vis-à-vis du sujet (fig. 6, 7, 9). On a trouvé des carreaux ornés d’aigles bicéphales tant dans le périmètres de la Cour Princière de Iaşi (Fig. 8/1–6), que dans les habitations de citadins, qui auraient appartenu à des boyards ou à des gens ayant une aisance matérielle –marchands, artisans etc (fig. 6/1–3). Ils n’y manquent, non plus, des milieux monastiques (fig. 6/4–5; 9/1). On a trouvé aussi peu de témoignages dans la Cité Nouvelle de Roman (fig. 7/3, 5). Ainsi que dans d’autres cas de découvertes de carreaux de poêle d’inspiration héraldique, on peut supposer qu’à cette époque-là aussi la présence des images d’aigles bicéphales de la Cour Princière de Iaşi peut s’expliquer par le caractère aulique des constructions. C’est le blason des Cantacuzènes s’enorgueillissant de leur descendance byzantine qui ont toujours porté l’aigle bicéphale, l’utilisant sur les sceaux, les tombeaux, les inscriptions votives des églises qu’ils ont fait construire et même sur certains bijoux. Il n’en est pas de même pour les découvertes de villes, des monastères de Dobrovăţ et de Tazlău ou de la Cité Nouvelle de Roman, où les motifs décoratifs sont exempts de tout message emblématique. L’aigle bicéphale fut si bien connu des Moldaves, si familier, qu’il a dépassé le cadre héraldique proprement dit décorant aussi des intérieurs de maisons, comme en témoignent les carreaux découverts à la suite de recherches archéologiques.

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ARCHÄOLOGISCHE ANGABEN ZUM BEZIEHUNGSSYSTEM DES KARPATENBECKENS UND DES OSTALPENRAUMES IM 10.–11. JAHRHUNDERT – VON WEST NACH OST

Author(s): Ciprián Horváth / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2015

In my study I tried to analyze the button terminalled rings, the brooches and the earrings with engraved pattern or with enamel inlay, which are typical of the eastern Alps region finds. The button terminalled rings were used as head jewelry, bracelet or ring. The crescent-shaped earrings are known from 15 sites, which can be ranked among two main groups. Brooches turned up from 11 sites. The earliest occurrence had the button terminalled rings, which could have already appeared in graves in the middle of the 10th century The earrings could have appeared in graves from the 980/990’s as well, while the brooches can be dated from the turn of the millennium. We can notice a certain site concentration on the northern shore of Balaton, on the territory of Győr, Moson, Sopron, Vas, Baranya and Heves counties. Regarding both the way of wear and the combination of certain object types, eastern Alpine parallels can be detected.

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NEOLITHIC BURIALS OF THE LINEARBANDKERAMIK SETTLEMENT AT BALATONSZÁRSZÓ AND THEIR EUROPEAN CONTEXT

Author(s): Krisztian Oross,Tibor Marton / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

In addition to several thousand archaeological features, forty-three settlement burials were also uncovered on the LBK site at Balatonszárszó–Kis-erdei-dűlő. The majority of the crouched inhumation burials came to light from the uppermost level of the settlement’s refuse pits. The study offers a detailed assessment of the settlement’s Neolithic burials together with the examination of possible patterns in the mortuary rites, as well as an overview of the culture’s graves and mortuary practices in the western half of the Carpathian Basin, i.e. in Hungary and Slovakia. The findings are compared to the treatment of the dead in other regions of the LBK distribution in Europe in order to identify possible local traditions in the light of similarities with and divergences from the general patterns in the mortuary rites practiced by LBK communities.

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DIE BRONZEMETALLURGIE IN DEN OTOMANI-GEMEINSCHAFTEN VON DER CAREI-EBENE UND DEM ERIUL-TAL

Author(s): Zsolt Molnár-Kovács / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2011

Bronze metallurgy of the Otomani communities of the Carei Plain and the valley of the Eriul River. From the cultural point of view, the Carpathian Basin resembled a mosaic during the circa 500 years of the Middle Bronze Age. Despite the fact that every community developed a specific material culture we still may speak about a so-called “tell society” in this period based on social and economical macro features. This is specific type of habitat in the region under study and the major part of the great Hungarian Plain, where a “cultural complex” characterized by the homogeneity of pottery and bronze metallurgy developed during the Middle Bronze Age. In the last decades, the problematic of the metallurgy of the Otomani communities became the subject of several archaeological studies written by Romanian scholars like Ivan Ordentlich, Nicolae Chidioşan, Tiberius Bader, Alexandru Vulpe etc. and colleagues from other countries too. Despite the undertaken research and the fact that the study of metallurgy was popular among Bronze Age scholars, a proper typological and chronological analysis of the discovered artefacts according to the latest archaeological data was still needed to be done. In our opinion, the key of understanding the Otomani culture’s problematic is represented by the proper knowledge of the archaeological material which provides a firm foundation for the study of the social complexity of the Bronze Age policy. The aim of the present paper is to sketch a picture about the Otomani culture’s metalworking and debate some typological and chronological issues linked with the bronze artefacts discovered in the Carei Plain and the valley of the Eriul River. Fifty-nine bronze items were discovered during our investigations in the Carei Plain and the valley of the Eriul River, which could be dated from the 2nd and 3rd phases of the Otomani culture. 44% of the finds are weapons, 25% are tools, 28% are pieces of jewellery and 3% are specimens linked with metallurgical processes (casting moulds, bronze ingot etc.). Through the reinterpretation of the archaeological evidences, we have sketched a more accurate picture of the bronze working and metallurgical activity of the Otomani communities.

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KINDER DES OSTENS. SPÄTANTIKE UND FRÜHCHRISTLICHE KINDERDARSTELLUNGEN IM HEUTIGEN OST- UND SÜDOSTEUROPA

Author(s): Claudia-Maria Behling / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2011

Children of the East. Images of Children from Late Antiquity and Early-Christian Time in Modern Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Whereas researchers were hitherto focused on literary sources and monuments from ancient Rome this article deals with objects from Late Antiquity connecting Early-Christian and pagan illustrations, especially from the Hungarian part of the Roman Empire. Under the influence of Christian religion combined with modifications in Roman law, several changes had an impact on the environments of children. The question is whether these alterations had also an effect on the pictures of children. For examining this presumption, depictions of children and infant Christ are investigated because Christian art is linked to the tradition of pagan Roman art. So a separation of these two groups of representations makes absolutely no sense but has been done by scholars until now.

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Археологическое исследование мусульманских мавзолеев-дюрбе Бахчисарая
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Археологическое исследование мусульманских мавзолеев-дюрбе Бахчисарая

Author(s): Vladimir P. Kirilko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2009

The archaeological study of Muslim monumental burial-vaults of Bakhchisaray began in late 19th c., with the main excavation sites in Kyrk-Lar, Eski-Yurt, Azis, Hanly-Dere, Salachik. The research yielded information about the funeral rite and architectonics of buildings. The most comprehensively studied site is Mohammed-Shakh-Bey’s djurbe, whose erection is commonly dated to 14-15th cc., judged by epigraphic features of its tarikh and the stylistic characteristics of the building. The numismatic evidence from the deposits of the construction horizon allows dating the mausoleum by the last quarter of 18th c. (about 1778).

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Zwei spätrömerzeitliche Waffengräber am Westrand der Canabae von Aquincum
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Zwei spätrömerzeitliche Waffengräber am Westrand der Canabae von Aquincum

Author(s): Margit Nagy / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2005

Im Jahr 1943 gelangte ein aus Beinversteifungsfragmenten eines Bogens, Glas- und Eisenblechfragmenten, Bronzescheibe und Bronzeblech bestehender Fundkomplex in die Archäologische Abteilung des Haupstädtischen Museums. Die Funde wurden 1955 von E. Molnär mit der Bestimmung „Grab“ inventarisiert; als Fundstelle trug sie im Inventarbuch der völkerwanderungszeitlichen Sammlung Becsi ut 172 ein.1 Das Grundstück Nr. 172 liegt an der Ecke Becsi ut-Vörösvari ut, auf der Westseite der Becsi ut, etwa 50 m nördlich der Farkastorki ut (Abb. 1.1.1, Abb. 2.2.1). Hinweise auf die Fundumstände des Grabes konnte ich weder in den archäologischen Topographien noch in sonstigen Archivunterlagen finden. In seinem Bericht über die Ausgrabungen des Jahres 1943 und das ins Museum gelangte Fundinventar erwähnte J. Szilagyi sie nicht.2 1942-1943 leitete T. Nagy auf dem Grundstück Becsi ut 128 eine Grabung, wobei er ein aus spätrömischen Ziegel- und Steinplattengräbern bestehendes Gräberfelddetail sowie zwei von J. Csemegi aufgenommene Grabbauten freilegte.3 Das Grabungsareal von T. Nagy befand sich etwa 1300 m südlich von dem als Fundstelle des Grabes mit Bogen angegebenen Grundstück Nr. 172.

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La distribution du cuivre des origines à la fin de l'âge du Bronze en France - Essai de compa-raison des demi-produits provenant de France orientale et de l'Europe centrale
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La distribution du cuivre des origines à la fin de l'âge du Bronze en France - Essai de compa-raison des demi-produits provenant de France orientale et de l'Europe centrale

Author(s): Zoltan Czajlik / Language(s): French Issue: 1-3/2006

Pour comprendre les échanges des métaux bruts à l’époque protohistorique en France, il faut non seulement identifier les sites d’extraction des matières premières, analyser les objets finis et non finis, mais aussi répertorier les demi-produits, objets spécifiques destinés aux transports et aux échanges. Ces derniers représentent la matière brute qui a souvent franchi une distance extrêmement longue entre mines et ateliers de production. En ce qui concerne les mines, elles sont très difficiles à retrouver si on suit uniquement les données modernes, celles du BRGM en France. La recherche des mines anciennes est plus complexe : il faut partir des indications du XIXe siècle (ou plus avant) qui peuvent nous donner un état des conditions de gisements de surface « de type protohistorique ». En étudiant les cartes de répartition des demi-produits, on peut également évaluer l’origine des matières premières.

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Формирование окуневского канонического искусства
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Формирование окуневского канонического искусства

Author(s): Liudmila A. Sokolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2004

The article discusses the problem of the emergence and origins of the Okunevo art in Southern Siberia. The author considers main manifestations of this art which are expressed in different forms: monumental sculpture, sculpture of small forms, small figurines and graffiti. The analysis of the Okunevo art shows that the bearers of these cultural traditions were not simple bands of taiga hunters but represented rather a complex society with developed hierarchical structure. It was ruled by leaders with theocratic nature of social power who possessed strong influence of non-economic character. The Okunevo art finds clear parallels in synchronous cultures of the Far East and Northern India. It can be supposed that certain similarity between the Yangshao and Okunevo iconographies are conditioned by a common ancestral tradition. However the influence of this ancestral tradition in the Yangshao culture was minimal. On the other hand, connections between the Okunevo and North Indian cultures were long-term and relatively stable including certain cultural borrowings and migrations. The author shares the opinion of D.G. Savinov that the Okunevo cultural tradition was shaped on the border of Northern and Central Asian cultural area on the basis of earlier Neolithic traditions and under influence of different cultural innovations.

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Древнерусские женские парадные головные уборы (диадемы и очелья)
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Древнерусские женские парадные головные уборы (диадемы и очелья)

Author(s): Svetlana S. Ryabtseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2002

The article examines diadems and crowns which were part of full and ceremonial head dress. The tradition to wear diadems was borrowed from Byzantium. If just the ritual of crowning knyazes to princedom and later to kingdom was quite a late development in Russia, then the first paintings of early Russian ruler dressed like a Byzantine Emperor belong to the time of Vladimir the Saint.At present, the territory of the Eastern Europe yielded just three finds of whole diadems (one of them is likely to have been used as a frame for an icon rather than a head dress) and eight finds of fragments of diadems. Close analogues to the early Russian diadems with the images of a flight of Alexander the Great and Dejesus are a gold diadem with enamelled picture of Alexander’s Ascension from Preslav (second half of X c.) and the so-called crown of Constantine Monomach (middle XI c.), decorated by Dejesus. While these diadems were made by Byzantine masters, then an example of West-European work performed by masters familiar with Byzantine enamel tradition can be displayed by the crown of Konrad II. The main of this head dress seems to have been made in the second fourth of XI c., with some later work done in the first half of XIII c.An analysis of diverse artistic work like monumental painting, icon painting and small plastic work revealed that it was quite a frequent practice to depict women wearing notched diadems-crowns, which is a strong evidence to the fact that diadems in Russia could be part not only of male but also of female full dress.Along with ceremonial diadems there was another female head dress – a forehead crown made of lamellate or three-bead ears with end plates decorated with enamels, and in several cases with filigree, globules and precious stones. The work analyses 26 locations of details of such head dresses. Forehead crowns made of gold lamellate ears are mainly typical of Kiev and its closest suburbs, while bead-forehead crowns, which can be made of gold but in fact silver ones are more frequent, find their biggest concentration in Russia’s north-east. Forehead crowns of these two types are never found in the same complex and were probably parts of different dresses.

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Един изчезнал (може би) български ръкопис от Берат
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Един изчезнал (може би) български ръкопис от Берат

Author(s): Petya Assenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

The State Archives in Tirane keep over 100 manuscripts (the Berat chronicles) dated from the 6th to the mid-19th cc. No Slavonic manuscripts are to be found among them, However, in a text appended to a 14th с diptych, which used to be the possesion of the "St. George" Monastery of Berat (already non-existing by the late 19th c.) the list of books saved from the 1356 devastation of Berat, mention is made of "The Tetraevangelia from Bulgaria/ in Bulgarian" (both readings are possible), as well as of the name of their saver - Skurai.

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REKOGNOSCIRANJE LOKALITETA GRABOVIK/ZAKETUŠA (OPĆINA SREBRENIK)

REKOGNOSCIRANJE LOKALITETA GRABOVIK/ZAKETUŠA (OPĆINA SREBRENIK)

Author(s): Edin Šaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2011

Povodom najavljenog preispitivanja odluke o proglašenju arheološkog nalazišta Grabovik-Zaketuša (Straža, Srebrenik) nacionalnim spomenikom Bosne i Hercegovine, radni tim Zavoda za zaštitu i očuvanje kulturnohistorijskog i prirodnog naslijeđa Tuzlanskog kantona je izvršio terenski obilazak i rekognosciranje lokaliteta, pri čemu je prikupljen veći broj keramičkih nalaza. Uvidom u pronađeni materijal može se zaključiti da je riječ o gradinskom naselju iz kasnog brončanog doba (kulturna grupa Vis-Pivnica). Novost predstavlja pronalazak dva mikrolitska kremena oruđa, koja odgovaraju onima iz kasne faze vinčanske kulture, što ukazuje na mogućnost da je lokalitet poslužio kao pribježište nekoj neolitskoj populaciji u ranoj fazi eneolita. Opći zaključak je da lokalitet predstavlja vrijedno arheološko nalazište koje zaslužuje odgovarajuću zaštitu, a u slučaju moguće devastacije – obavezna zaštitna iskopavanja.

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IZRADA PROIZVODA OD ZEMLJE U OKOLINI TEŠNJA OD NEOLITA DO SAVREMENOG DOBA

IZRADA PROIZVODA OD ZEMLJE U OKOLINI TEŠNJA OD NEOLITA DO SAVREMENOG DOBA

Author(s): Mensura Mujkanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2011

Mogućnost izrade proizvoda od zemlje čovjek je otkrio u mlađem kamenom dobu. Od gline su se izrađivali glineni utezi za tkalački stan, figure sa magijskim značenjem, nakit i posuđe. Proizvodnja tih predmeta prenosila se s koljena na koljeno, i svaka nova generacija usavršavala je proizvodnju predmeta od zemlje. Prostor Bosne i Hercegovine bogat je fragmentima predmeta izrađenih od zemlje koji svjedoče da je današnja Bosna i Hercegovina dugo naseljena. Od predmeta izrađenih od zemlje u okolini Tešnja pronađeni su glineni utezi za tkalački stan, ulomci keramike od neolita do kraja osmanske uprave, i izrađeno posuđe na grnčarskom kolu od uspostave austrougarske vlasti do danas. Posuđe izrađeno na grnčarskom kolu u okolini Tešnja od austrougarske uprave do danas predstavlja tradiciju u izradi tih proizvoda. Od tada do danas nije se ništa promijenilo u proizvodnji, od korištenja istovjetne zemlje do izrade gotovih proizvoda.

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Some remarks on the transition of the Boian-Gumelnița households - architecture and pottery assemblages

Some remarks on the transition of the Boian-Gumelnița households - architecture and pottery assemblages

Author(s): Rumyana Yordanova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2019

This paper presents the characteristics of the several houses from three sites in the Lower Danube area - the tell settlement at Ruse, Tangâru and Căscioarele - Ostrovel. These houses are considered among the earliest documented structures dated during the transition from the Late Boian to the Gumelnița culture. Comparing their geographical, cultural, chronological and architectural aspects, this paper traces changes occurring in the household tradition and possible settlement interactions. These architectural details and the house inventories show similarities that differ from those of the Late Gumelnița structures. Some of these have been previously interpreted as temples due to their rich painted and plastic interior decoration. Since the structures from the Romanian sites are well-known, the Ruse houses and their inventories are described in greater detail. Special attention is given to pottery as a main cultural and chronological landmark, but also as evidence for the range of everyday activities and their manifestation during the entire KGK VI period.

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Activitatea atelierului monetar de la Callatis în vremea lui Commodus.

Activitatea atelierului monetar de la Callatis în vremea lui Commodus.

Author(s): Steluța Marin,Virgil Ioniță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2019

In this study, we aimed to focus on the coins from Callatis during the reign of Emperor Commodus. They are not well known, both in the specialized literature and in the monetary discoveries. We have gathered 39 coins with the name of Commodus, to which are added three pseudo-autonomous Demeter type pieces overstruck, from the numismatic literature, from the former collections or the selection of the auction houses displayed on the internet. Based on them, we identified six superior denomination issues, accompanied by three low denomination issues, which are distributed as it follows, by virtue of the stylistic analogies with the emperor's portrait on Roman sestertius's issues: first issue - years 177-180 (with his father, Marcus Aurelius, by virtue of the Lucius praenomen on the obverse); second issue - dates from 180, when he settles as unique emperor of the Roman Empire; third and fourth issues - appear to be struck between the years 181-183; fifth issue - is the most abundant issue, to which we add also low denomination pieces of Aphrodite and Priapos types, as well as Eros / Thanathos type, towards the year 185; sixth issue - between the years 188-189, concurrently with it, pieces of Eros-Thanathos type were also issued, in a very similar artistic style.In our group, there are three overstruck coins, one from Callatis, Commodus, the other being older issues from the Megarian city or even from elsewhere, maybe Histria, from the same period. They were overstruck with a new image, the veiled bust of Demeter with crown of wheat, which in the Callatis iconography is associated with the coins of 3 assaria. We should note the intentional application on the obverse of an image signifying a certain monetary value (Γ), 3 assaria, on a piece with the imperial title, which valued more as metal, being the equivalent of 4 or 5 assaria. The very good state of conservation of the piece from Commodus (pl. IV, 40) determines us to consider that the process of overstriking took place after a few years since its issue. The overstriking operation was intended for some older issues, especially for those with the Commodus portrait; it took place at one point, being determined by certain political and economic causes. This moment could be located after the end of Commodus's reign in 192, when the emperor is the subject of a damnatio memoriae because of his extravagant behavior. On the other hand, this operation of overstriking the old bronze coins, which no longer corresponded to the political situation, is understood to take place sooner after the installation of Septimius Severus on the imperial throne and the initiation of monetary reform after the end of the civil war (194). Probably it happened with the striking of new issues with the portrait of Septimius Severus; in this context, a forced lower rate is imposed for the older coins. At the same time, at this moment can be situated the striking of a new series of pseudo-autonomous Demeter type coins (pl. V, 41-44), which present stylistic features very similar to the model applied on the Commodus coin from Callatis.

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Two greco-roman medallions found in Dobruja from the first half of the 3rd century AD

Two greco-roman medallions found in Dobruja from the first half of the 3rd century AD

Author(s): Steluța Marin,Gabriel Mircea Talmaţchi / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2019

The authors present two pieces that are preserved in the collection of the Museum of National History and Archaeology in Constanța. These are remarkable both by their type, being medallions, and by the fact that they were found in Dobruja. The first piece is a medallion from Caracalla, issued in Tarsus, Cilicia and has a rather poor conservation state, making its identification difficult. The second piece is a medallion from Gordian III struck by Heraclea Pontica. This last item was found in Tomis, in 1992, on Muzeelor Street, on the stratigraphic sequence between the section I and II, in a Roman-Byzantine pit. The penetration of these pieces in Dobruja is related to the movements of the military units, such as Cohors I Cilicium, but also to the movement of the people caused by certain historical events.

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„Integrarea cromatică” prevăzută în codurile 
de etică
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„Integrarea cromatică” prevăzută în codurile de etică

Author(s): Ana Georgescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 8/2019

One of the final intervention set of restoration processes is the chromatic integration. Its role is not structural but aesthetic. As its correct execution can make a big difference from previous stages of the appearance of the painting, the same thing can happen in case of a poor execution. Drawn by the desire to apprehend the most appropriate manner realize these types of interventions, various concepts started to be taken under consideration, being later on theorized by Cesare Brandi. Since the 18th century, along with the emerging concepts of artwork authenticity and legibility of the restoration interventions, the integration process is reconsidered as an intervention that should not overlap the lacunae’s outline. In order to avoid inappropriate interventions which may affect the aesthetical appearance of an artwork, new solutions have been researched to improve institutional regulations and enhance the legislation authority in the field of cultural heritage preservation, by enforcing guiding principles for the restorers, looser or more rigorous in their substance.

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