Поп Петър, ученикът на поп Йоан Кратовски

Author(s): Tsveta Evlogieva-Katsarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

This study presents the known manuscripts by Priest Peter, who has lived until about the first decade of the seventeenth century. The first chapter of the article deals with the manuscript in which marginalia occur, being the main source to Priest Peter: Tetraevangelion, Church-Historical and Archival Institute, Sofia (CHAI) 28. Then comes another manuscript that is also attributed to the same scribe, but features no extant notes by the author: Tetraevangelion, CHAI 26. The last chapter of the work presents yet another manuscript containing notes by the same author: Tetraevangelion, Peć 18. The latter, though known, failed to stir research interest and has not been published for the time being as a manuscript by the same man of letters. The extant marginalia in the two author’s notes provide also biographical information about the scribe, while the information about the school, where he was trained and about his workplace, along with the changes in the representative types of decoration, of the signed manuscripts, provide evidence of the clout of the literary centre on the creative selection and the aesthetic choices of scribes/decorators.

Неизвестни творби на Митрофан Зограф

Author(s): Alexander Kuyumdjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2003

Тотю Тотев на 70 години

Author(s): Stanislav Stanilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2001

Grzegorz Umiński. Katolickie rozgłośnie radiowe w Polsce w służbie ewangelizacji na przykładzie Radia Rodzina we Wrocławiu. Wydawca: Michał Wyrostkiewicz, Lublin 2014, ebook, 978-83-939028-2-8.

Author(s): Michał Wyrostkiewicz,Dagmara Kottke / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The publication Katolickie rozgłośnie radiowe w Polsce w służbie ewangelizacji[…] is the first book by Grzegorz Umiński, a young researcher and PhDstudent of Media Education at The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin(Poland), and an information technology student. In his monograph deals withthe issue of using media for the evangelisation. The main corpus of the work isdivided into three chapters that constitute the logical and coherent whole. Each ofthe chapters is devoted to the discussion of particular matters.

The Right of the Child to be Raised in a Family. Around the Current Issues

Author(s): Andrzej Pastwa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The article is initiated by a contemplation on the contemporary humanization mission of the family. “The family is the basic unit of society. It is the cradle of life and love, the place in which the individual ‘is born’ and ‘grows’” (“Christifideles laici” exhortation, no. 40). However, not all forms of family life serve the human humanization and participate in the development of the society. A family, in order to create the integral human well-being — and that is, in fact, what the humanization is about — should act in a manner respecting this set of goods and values which characterize it as a “community of life and love.” Among the missions of the family the most vital one is the mission of upbringing (according to a paradigm: “the family, first educator”). It is an area in which it is explicitly visible why the proclamation of the “family sovereignty,” in the church documents — especially in the Charter of the Rights of the Family (1983) — is invariably accompanied by the affirmation of the subsidiarity principle. The standards of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), touched upon in the last chapter, constitute a crucial reference point for the domestic legislator: the right to be raised in a family and to maintain contact with both parents. However, it is important to remember that a characteristic feature of the international law standards (binding for countries that ratified them) — similarly as legal acts of lesser legal force, like: recommendations or resolutions, is their conciseness, condensation, but also a peculiar terseness “justified” by the means of a reference to the minimum of common idea concerning a contemporary family relationship, equality of women and men, family autonomy, rights of individual, especially weaker party, that is, a child. This impartial, permanent situation is connected with such advantages as, for example leaving a subject matter freedom margin for a given country legislator: maintaining or passing detailed normative solutions coherent with the state law. However, today it is also not difficult to notice disadvantages: especially the underspecification — in the name of the outlook pluralism principles — the axiological plane of the accepted standards (and precisely, avoiding what we called the logos and ethos of the institutions of matrimony and family). In practice it can signify forcing a legal thought alien in a given culture, or even bear all stamps of a bad lobbing. It is demonstrated — in the last part of the article — by the means of examples, which depict real problems with the implementation of the relevant conventional regulations in the national (Polish) law.

The Right of the Child to Decent Social Conditions and Education

Author(s): Elżbieta Szczot / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The article presents the genesis and sources of rights of the child. Every child is entitled to the rights of the child just like every adult is entitled to human rights. The child is a human person with dignity, therefore he or she is entitled to all human rights. Moreover, because of his biological and mental immaturity and being subject to the authority of parents the child requires special treatment and care. Social rights are these human rights that are related to employment, social security, health, family life, participation in cultural life and education. They include economic, social and cultural rights, which are these rights that provide for physical and mental development and social security of an individual. Rights of the child are inextricably linked with rights of the family because the child is born into and grows in the family. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland imposes such a pro-family direction of the policy in Art. 71. What is more, there is a close relationship between the economic policy of the state, social policy and the quality of life of the family. The better condition of the family, the lower unemployment, decent wages of parents and a greater care of the state for developing the pro-family policy the greater likelihood that the right of the child to decent social conditions is preserved and better protected.

Международен симпозиум „Св.св. Кирил и Методий и българският Златен век“

Author(s): Regina Koycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2013

Тефтерите с рисунки на банските зографи

Author(s): Elena Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

The latest special phenomenon in the nineteenth-century art was assuming a new attitude towards the preparatory stages in the work, an emanation of a Renaissance artist, being a quantum leap from the compulsory Hermeneia (Painter’s Manual also known as Painter’s Guide of an Orthodox icon-painter) in the painter’s non-commissioned artworks. The paper deals with three sketchpads of several generations of icon-painters from Bansko, kept at the Ivan Dujčev Center for Slavo-Byzantine Studies, University of Sofia. The firs and the most significant one is that of the founder of the Art Centre of Bansko, Toma Vishanov- Molera, dated personally by him form 1786. The second one has been signed by Mihalko Uvanov Golev, and the third one probably belonged to Dimiter Sirleshtov. The attribution of authorship is tentative, to a degree, as the other abovementioned icon-painters have made drawings on blank sheets along with Dimiter Molerov. Among the drawings, models for various subjects occur, some of them realized in murals or icons. A substantial part of these has been used for training.

PRACTICI FUNERARE BIRITUALE PRELUNGITE ÎN SPAŢIUL CARPATO-DUNĂREAN ÎN SECOLELE V–III A. CHR.

Author(s): Mircea Babeş,Nicolae Miriţoiu / Language(s): English,Romanian,French Issue: 1/2011

The excavations carried out by the present authors in the Getic cemeteries at Boroseşti (Iaşi County) and Poieneşti (Vaslui County), dated to the 5th – 3rd c. BC, brought new data concerning funerary practices typical for this period; they consist mainly in the alternative use of inhumation and cremation during prolonged burial practices. Our starting point was the discovery of two funerary structures having the shape and dimensions of inhumation graves as well as grave goods, but lacking bones (at Boroseşti); at the same time were found graves with cremated bones laid in similarly over dimensioned pits, i.e. pits which had the sizes of inhumation graves (at Boroseşti, and especially at Poieneşti). This phenomenon is widely distributed, from Dniester (Nistru, Dnestr) to Tisza (Tisa) River; it is most clearly attested in the cemeteries from Slobozia-Oneşti, Stelnica, Zimnicea, Fântânele, Teliţa, Murighiol, Băiţa, Olteni(Romania), Dănceni and Pîrjolteni (Moldovian Republic), Szentes-Vekerzug and Tápiószele (Hungary). In these authors opinion, the large grave pits served initially as „provisional graves”; after some time, the corpses were exhumed and cremated, the cremated bones being afterwards either laid back in the initial pits or put in other places. When the latter was the case, in the former „provisional graves” – considered by some authors „cenotaphs” –, one can find remains of grave goods, but no bones. The outfit of the funerary structures with wood, stone and clay (e.g. at Dănceni, Zimnicea, Olteni, etc.) shows that they were accessible for the duration of the prolonged funerary practices, thus allowing for repeated ceremonies and ritual acts to take place at/in the graves. The existence of biritual, prolongued funerary practices is also attested by the ethnography of indigenous populations, both recent and contemporary.

ВЪЗПРИЕМАНЕТО НА АТАНАСИЙ АЛЕКСАНДРИЙСКИ В ЗАПАДНАТА ТРАДИЦИЯ И ВЛИЯНИЕТО И́ ВЪРХУ КОНСТАНТИН ПРЕСЛАВСКИ В ПРЕВОДА НА СЛОВАТА ПРОТИВ АРИАНИТЕ

Author(s): Pirinka Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2017

The Latin perception of Logos/Christos as consubstantial with the God Father and "unius substantiæ cum Patre, quod Græci dicunt homoousion" received two semantic interpretations by Konstantin of Preslav in Orationes contra arianorum: as равьносѫштьнъ (equal in substance) and цѣглъ (unique). The Geek text of Athanasius of Alexandria emphasizes the unity of the Trinity. The attributiv μόνος (one, single) re. the Logos-Son corresponds to єдинъ and the common translation of ὁμοούσιοϛ, proprius substantiae, in the other Old Bulgarian manuscripts is єдиносѫштьнъ (united, undivided by nature). Exept for the semantic transfer of "unique" about the Logos-Son, the author found traces of Balcan Latin terms, existing in Bulgaria before the mission of Kyrillos and Methodius' disciples. She does not exclude an influence of Athanasius Latin tradition in the Slavonic choice of Oratio V, съланїє о праздницѣ пасхы. This Epistle for the celebration of Passover is without a known Greek source, but with a possible relation to De ratione pashae, attributed to Niceta of Remesiana (ca. 335-414) or Martin von Braga (515-580). The Slavonic treatise could be Athanasius' original work, dated in 330 and known in antiquity only in a Latin version.

Early Christianity in the Balkans and an unknown monastery from Harilaq / Kosovo

Author(s): Halûk Çetinkaya / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The spread of Christianity compared to other provinces, especially Eastern ones, is not well documented. One factor in this is the lack of epigraphical evidence, the other is the lesser number of archaeological sites. As the new religion eked out in the Balkans different groups of ethnicity accepted it for several reasons. In the meantime not only parish churches but monasteries were established. Harilaq in Kosovo is one of the least studied and documented sites in the region. On a dominant hill with and enclosing wall overlooking the village is a monastery known to locals as kalaja. This is the first time to identify the site as a monastic settlement.

СВЕТИ ЙОАН ЕКЗАРХ - ПЪРВИЯТ БЪЛГАРСКИ ПАТРИАРХ

Author(s): Ancho Kaloyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2014

The results from Bulgarian Slavic studies articles, papers and monographs, published between 1913 and 2013, are presented in chronological order and allow for three conclusions: 1. The information provided by the translator in the epilogue to Life of St. Anthony the Great in Hlud. 195 from the 14th century on “archbishop Joan” adding “who was Patriarch of the Bulgarian land” is true and dates back to the 10th century; 2. The information provided in an earlier version of the epilogue by the same translator, known from five copies from the 16th -17thcenturies, on “Joan, archbishop of the Bulgarian land” dates back to the period between 907 and 913 AD; 3.”Archbishop Joan” in both versions of the epilogue to the translation of Life of St. Anthony the Great refers to Joan Ekzarh (Joan Exarch), who was archbishop of Bulgaria after 907 AD, and who was enthroned as the first Bulgarian Patriarch on 31st July 913 AD in St. Virgin Mary church in Veliki Preslav.

ODKAZ PRĚSLAVSKÉ ŠKOLY V CHORVATSKOCÍRKEVNĚSLOVANSKÝCH LITURGICKÝCH PAMÁTKÁCH

Author(s): Petra Stankovska / Language(s): Czech Issue: 12/2012

This article is devoted to analysis of the text of John's Gospel which is present in the Croatian Glagolitic Missals and Breviaries created before the 15th century. Research has shown that these liturgical books contain one of the early versions of Old Slavonic translation of the Gospel, which in some Croatian sources was again fixed after Latin originals or subjected to linguistic Croatization. The Gospel text of the Croatian Breviaries and Missals which has not been subjected to a secondary correction often coincides with the Preslav edition of the Gospel. This is the result of a comparison between these Glagolitic sources and a critical edition of the Church Slavonic Gospel of John, prepared by a team of researchers led by A. Alexeev. Cases of coincidence between the Croatian texts and the more recent Cyrillic editions are very rare and not entirely convincing which excludes the possibility of later changes in the Glagolitic sources after Cyrillic copies. That Preslav edition of John's Gospel has been used in the preparation of Croatian liturgical books where it later developed independently within the framework of its own textological tradition.

Le soleil de justice et l’allégorie du chariot céleste

Author(s): Iulian Moga / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2008

On va essayer ici d’analyser quelques éléments à valeur symbolique qui se trouvent en connexion directe ou allusive avec l’image allégorique de Jésus Christ en tant que Soleil de Justice. L’inclination vers la parabole et le goût pour les associations ont fait que, tant les artistes que les écrivains, surtout ceux de l’église, trouvent assez de ressources et de moyens en vue de tracer le contour d’une telle image. Cependant, des représentations comme ça, soit iconographiques, soit des projections qui appartiennent à l’imaginaire collectifsont tant concrètes que concises en ce qui concerne l’explication des détails. Ainsi notre recherché n’est-elle pas bornée strictement aux sources chrétiennes proprement dites, surtout celles des écrivains de la période apostolique, des apologistes et des pères cappadociens; on a essayé dans les deux premières paragraphes, d’identifier aussi les sources vétéro testamentaires, les pseudo-épigraphes et les écrits esséniens qui contiennent des prophéties mises en rapport avec l’image du personnage messianique représenté dans le christianisme par Jésus Christ-même en tant que partie de la Sainte Trinité.

Kozmikus elrendeltség sorsfordító folyamában

Author(s): Sándor Békési / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2010

Das Buch Esther scheint dem Leser zuerst eine einfache Lektüre zu sein, nur später werfen sich Fragen in uns auf. Warum besitzt Esther keine Persönlichkeit? Warum kommt der Name Gottes nicht in dem ganzen Text vor? Warum steht die den Juden zulässige Grausamkeit am Ende der Geschichte? Die Antwort lässt sich kurz zusammenfassen: das Buch Esther ist eine historische Moralität, die das Befreien des Volkes Israel von der fremden Herrschaft auf der Basis des babylonisch-persischen (Massoretischer Text) und des ägyptischen (LXX) Astralmythos erzählt. Mit dieser Gestalt erfüllt das Buch zwei Anforderungen: einerseits können die Juden Mittel und Wege finden, um ihre Befreiung von der intriganten Gewalt aus zu bezeugen; anderseits wird es möglich, fremden Kulturen den befreienden Gott apologetisch bekannt zu machen. Die Wende der Geschichte ist der kosmische Sieg der Personifikation der Istar-astarte-Isis-sothis-Esther, die das Volk Israels repräsentiert. Gott greift in die von den Sterngöttern angeordneten Ereignisse ein und mit diesem Akt zerlegt Er die Geschichte in zwei Fäden: in einen kosmologischen und in einen historischen Religionskreis.

Relacje rząd rumuński – Cerkiew w kształtowaniu oficjalnej polityki tożsamościowej państwa po 1989 roku

Author(s): Jan Wendt,Jan A. Wendt,Alexandru Ilies,Tomasz Wiskulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

Relations between the Romanian government and the Orthodox Church after WorldWar II changed several times with the change of the party’s policy and role of thechurch in socialist Romania. After the persecution and arrests of clergy in the 1960s,the church became a useful tool in promoting Romanianism in Transylvania andBanat, a loyal ally of the communist authorities. After the Romanian revolution(1989), its role in shaping national belonging and national identity in the official onegovernment policy has increased. The aim of the research and analysis carried out isan attempt to indicate the dynamics of changes in clergy vocations and administrativestructures in the Romanian Orthodox Church and to assess the role played by thegovernment-Church relationship in shaping the official identity policy of the state,as well as national identity in the post-revolution period. The work uses statisticaldata presenting changes in the Romanian Church and the report “Religious beliefsand nationality in Central and Eastern Europe” developed by the Pew ResearchCenter based on surveys carried out in 2015–2016.

Героят и неговият кон в Сухата планина (Митопоетични реликти в няколко български народни песни)

Author(s): Todor Mollov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

In a critical situation the hero is in an arid mountain and wants to cut the head of his horse and drink its blood. The historical roots of the song represent fragments of the New Year‘s mythological complex associated with the rituals of killing a holy horse and initiation and marriage of the shaman-like priest. The calendric-astronomical basis of the motif is associated with two New Year‘s transitions – in the beginning of March (by the course of the Moon) and at the end of April and the beginning of May (by the course of the Pleiades).

Првоповиканиот апостол Андреj или 41. Псалм Давидов

Author(s): Julijana Ivanova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 17/2019

In the collection of terracotta reliefs discovered at the archeological site Vinicko Kale located in the museum “Terracotta” in Vinica, there are some specimens that have got characteristics completely different from those of the reliefs in the collection of twelve recognizable motifs that are dated in the Early Christian period or more precisely in the 5–6th century. These reliefs have some early Christian symbols in common which we meet separately or combined as a whole. The biggest preserved specimen is a square plate on which we meet all symbols combined as a whole; the others contain only some of them. The square pate is till now the only and unique one discovered on the territory of the Republic of North Mace¬donia and more widely. There were no more extensive researches of this plate and according to the only scientist who was studying it, professor doctor Kosta Balabanov, this plate “dedicated to the first elevated Apostle Andrew can be considered as the oldest icon in Macedonia”. The plate was discovered during the excavations in 2001–2002 and later in 2008 other broken fragments were found with the motifs which the square plate also has. According to the overall previous examination of the specimens from several aspects, there is another assumption (possibility) that it is 41 Psalm of David and that the plate dates from the period of the second half of the 4th century or with the other terracotta reliefs from the period of 5–6th century. The proofs are some fragments that are not applied on the square base as the plate dedicated to “Apostle Andrew” but as elements for the plates that were used for frieze. The purpose of these plates was most probably decorative and surely religiously educative and represents another proof of profound knowledge of Christian learning in this area during 5–6th century.

From the category theory in mathematics to bio-cosmology

Author(s): Milan Tasić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

We argue that philosophy and mathematics could accomplish far more fruitful encounter with the Being, since by number it is possible to go to such an extent behind the reality (Pythagoras) and if the four causes of Aristotle would be (especially in the human sphere) over again actualized. Alain Badiou has already pointed that "mathematics is ontology," and now we have that the category theory in mathematics – having already covered other fields of this science – continues to find applications in a series of "non-traditional" domains of reality. In that correlation, philosophy could express too, its (primary) need for truth, justice, beauty, as well as for an overall development in the sense of human purposes – due to the undreamed power of the technological progress (say of hardware and software in informatics) today. In that manner, the philosophy of mathematics could radicalize its claims from the perspective of the slogan ''One and All'' of the first philosopher Thales and of such a (powerful) mathematical idiom in front of the reality of Being – this time, in the spirit of bio-Cosmology (neo-Aristotelism).

ПРЕДСТАВАТА ЗА ГРОБА ГОСПОДЕН. НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ВЪРХУ ЙЕРУСАЛИМИИ ОТ ФОНДА НА РИМ – ВАРНА

Author(s): Iveta Rasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2019

The topic of discussion of the following research is the "Jerusalemes" brought to Bulgaria by pilgrims during the Bulgarian Renaissance. These picturesque paintings (defined as such because of their difference from typical icons) pre sent the Bible and give an insight into the objects along the pilgrim road. The central image of each painting is always Christ's grave in the Church of Resurrection built by St. Constantine and St. Helena in Jerusalem.