Kako kazalište slijedi smjene svjetonazora ili zašto više ne volimo afirmativne priče!

Author(s): Sanja Nikčević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 83-84/2015

Koliko god umjetnost pokušava uvjeriti samu sebe da je izvan politike, izvan ideologija i sl., današnja vladajuća poetika u umjetnosti, onoj tzv. visokoj i priznatoj umjetnosti, je naprosto trend ili moda. Koliko god se umjetnost pokušava uvjeriti da je slobodna i kritična prema društvu taj trend je posljedica smjene svjetonazora u društvu koju umjetnost poslušno odražava što ću u tekstu pokušati pokazati na kazališnim primjerima.

Toleranță și identitate - Conflictul „lumilor” din sânul sincretismului și al multiculturalismului

Author(s): Emil Floare / Language(s): Romanian Issue: Sup. 1/2015

The present work proposes an analysis of the European cultural environment influenced by the event of post secularisation reflected in the perspective of tolerance in the eyes the common man. The Church and the State, two key institutions, are marked in Postmodernity by two "guidelines": syncretism and multiculturalism. In this regard the contemporary man is often faced within the current society with two antithetic choices: inspirit choosing the world or the worshiping traditions; emancipation or conservatism. Beyond these options our approach in this study proposes middle way that of "tolerance".

Die Ethik des Seins oder Was für ein Mensch sollte zum Objekt der Ethik, Philosophie und der Theologie werden?

Author(s): Inocent-Mária V. Szaniszló O.P. / Language(s): German Issue: Sup. 1/2015

This is a research about ethics and philosophy, that valorifies the ideas of Saint Thomas d'Aquino.

Religious Identity and Collective Action: the mobilising Potential of Religion among nowadays Youth

Author(s): Ilze Koroļeva,Inta Mieriņa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The role of religion in enhancing civic activism and democratic participation has attracted the attention of many scholars throughout the years. At the beginning of the 19th century, when Alexis de Tocqueville traveled to America, he became convinced that religion was central to liberal democracy. He saw religious values as largely responsible for the selfless actions and communitarian sentiments he observed in America at the time, and overall a fundamental force in American life. Throughout history churches have mobilized people for collective action, and been a significant political resource. The so-called ‘Black churches’ in the United States were fundamental in the African-American civil rights movement in 1896-1954, acting as leaders and organizers of the movement.

Types of Youth Religiosity

Author(s): Rita Hegedűs,Ferenc Moksony / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Members of contemporary western societies may on paper be born into their parents’ religion, but this no longer determines their later ideological and community commitment. Individual freedom of choice is clearly present in the realm of religion. Still, religious background undoubtedly affects children in modern societies. Kids of Catholic, Protestant, or Jewish parents will even today most likely be Catholics, Protestants, or Jews – if they will be religious at all. But by what type of religiosity can these young people be characterised? Or are there more types? We examined this question by secondary analysis of two public international data bases from 2008 (International Social Survey Programme and Youth 2008). Two approaches to religion is analysed, using a new typology introduced by Charles Taylor (“seekers” vs. “dwellers”).

POLITISKAIS UN PILSONISKAIS NARATĪVS: LATVIJAS MUSULMAŅU JAUNIEŠU POLITISKĀS LĪDZDALĪBAS NOTEICOŠIE FAKTORI

Author(s): Anita Stasulane,Jānis Priede / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 1/2015

Analyses presented in this paper are a part of a broader FP7 collaborative research project “Memory, Youth, Political Legacy and Civic Engagement” (MYPLACE) on how young people’s social participation is shaped by the shadows of totalitarianism and populism in Europe. It is based on 32 qualitative in-depth interviews with Muslim youth in Latvia and ethnographic research data. The paper briefly covers problems to determine the number of Muslims in Latvia where the Muslim population constitutes the second or even the third generation of immigrants predominantly from former soviet republics. Assuming that the number of Muslims in Latvia does not exceed 0.4 per cent of the country’s population and on the basis of recent studies on the population in Latvia, the author estimates the maximum possible number of nominal Muslims in Latvia to be 7600 out of a total population of 1.9 million. Since the Muslim community states that 10–20 per cent of Muslims are practising, authors estimate that there are approximately 760 to 1500 practising Muslims. Taking into account the steady emigration from Latvia, the total number of nominal Muslims today in Latvia could be about 5000, and Muslims practising on a daily basis may hardly exceed a few hundred. By fully integrating in Western structures, Latvia has fulfilled all preconditions for becoming one of the destination countries for immigrants. Data show that 92% more applicants asked for asylum in Latvia in 2014 compared to 2013. Difficulties and problems Latvia is facing are not local anymore, but they are incorporated in the common “European dilemma.” The paper provides a summary of findings on the main research question on the factors determining the political participation of Muslim youth in Latvia: access to information, understanding of democracy, capacity to identify problems, attitude towards elections and youth involvement in politics, motivation and capacity to take part in political life.

Where the Fault Lines Meet: How Religion and Politics Affect the Lives of Lebanese Students

Author(s): Ingrida Khashab / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Lebanese students are inevitably involved in religious issues just because they live in a country with confessionalism as the system of government. As young people try to marry, find jobs, and join political parties in this setting, they discover that their opportunities and choices depend on their religious identities. In this case, religion is intertwined with politics, and both enter people’s private lives with car explosions, marriage restrictions, and fighting in the streets. To understand problems that students encounter and discuss in Lebanon, it is necessary to shortly describe the current situation in the country and mention some most controversial topics that lead to nationwide debates and even violence; however, a comprehensive account would be beyond the scope of this little study. This article was an attempt to describe the situation as impartially as possible using various sources, mainly newspapers, blogs, and articles found on the Internet. Definitely, many of these publications contain partisan views; nevertheless, they are all genuine opinions of some Lebanese, so they help the reader to imagine the eclectic environment and highly-charged atmosphere of Lebanon.

Growing up close to the Pope. Italian youth and their religious belonging

Author(s): Roberto F. Scalon,Roberta Ricucci / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The debate on the relationship between young people and religion oscillates between the diffusion of religious individualization and the advancing process of secularization. These processes effect also Italian youth. In a scenario where belonging to Catholicism is still widespread among the population, the paper discusses how young people are developing their religious behaviour and their position on four specific burning issues in several societal and life areas. The first concerns the presence of the crucifix in public spaces. The second deals with a fiscal question and refers to whether or not religious institutions should enjoy benefits of this type from the State. The third point regards the role of religion (and specifically the Catholic religion) in the field of education and training, with specific reference to the teaching of only Catholic religion in all schools, from primary to upper secondary. The last point involves the sphere of communications and concerns the plausibility (desirability?) of interventions in the public debate – aimed at influencing people’s opinions - by religious institutions on socially and politically sensitive questions. All these issues are debated by means of both the most recent survey data available and scientific discussion about the role of religion in the lives of young people. The findings draw a picture in which Italian young people are, on one hand, “children of their time”, sharing with other international peers an independent way of managing their relationship with religion and, on the other, continue to recognize Catholicism as a point of reference of their Italian identity.

A gonosz arcai a szcientológiában

Author(s): Izabella Demeter / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 07/2012

„A Szcientológia egy vallás, amelyet L. Ron Hubbard fejlesztett ki, és amely az ember való- di szellemi természetének és önmagához, családjához, csoportokhoz, az Emberiséghez, minden életformához, a fizikai univerzumhoz, a szellemi univerzumhoz és a Legfelsõbb Lényhez való viszonyának teljes és biztos megértéséhez kínál pontos útvonalat”1 – válaszolja a Mi a szcientológia? kérdésre a nemzetközi hivatalos honlap tájékoztató része. Napjaink egyik leggyorsabb ütemben terjeszkedõ egyházáról lévén szó, jelen írásban nem vállalkozom a kérdésre adott feleletek átfogó összegzésére – maga az egyház több ezer kötetet jelentetett meg, az ellene felszólalók is majdnem ugyanennyit –, ehelyett a vallás kialakulása és meghirdetett alapelvei kerülnek e gondolatmenet fókuszába, Alain Badiou Etikájának2 lencséjén át szemlélve.

Islam, islamofobija i Zapad: suprotstavljeni pogledi i društvena stvarnost

Author(s): Adila Pavelić,Jadranka Čačić Kumpes / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2015

Through reviewing different and often opposing views on the relationship between Islam and the West, the paper aims to offer a better understanding of this relationship, and of Islamophobia as an old, yet increasingly actual and in many respects relevant social problem. A short historical overview of the understanding of the relationship between Islam and the West, and various definitions of Islamophobia, are followed by examination of some recent works that from different perspectives deal with the issue. Firstly, is given insight into the works written by Western theorists who describe the relationship between Islam and the West within the framework of the idea of the clash of civilizations while, at the same time, labeling Islam often as a non-modern religion and culture whose members reject Western values such as democracy, freedom and gender equality. In contrast to them are introduced the authors whose argumentation opposes stereotypical views of Islam; among them are also those that critically address Islamophobia in today’s Western society, either by presenting results of their research on Islamophobia or by documenting the dominant media image of Islam, which has been perpetuating stereotypes, especially in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on New York in 2001. Lastly, it is concluded that, regardless of the origin of works dealing with the relationship between Islam and the West or of the type of their arguments, they more often than not interpret Islam and the West primarily as two separate, self-contained and in itself incompatible worlds. In doing so, the authors here argue, they employ an essentialist and reductionist approach not only to Islam – as it might be assumed – but also to the West, while the relationship between Islam and the West is simplified and schematized.

NAREDBE I UPRAVE FRA AUGUSTINA MILETIĆA

Author(s): Pavao Knezović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 14/2015

Bishop father Augustin Miletic, vicar of Apostolic vicary in Srebrenica-Ottoman Bosnia from 1813 to 1831, pays special attention to marriage and wedding customs in his work Naredbe i uprave biskupa namistnika apostolski proshasti i sadašnjega. His aim was to alleviate bad and baleful Catholic customs, not only the ones connected to marriage customs but also the ones which appeared in other occasions and circumstances. That is why this paper if full of data from people’s tradition and everyday life of believers, parsons and their chaplains. In this as well as in the other Miletic’s works his expression is one of the highest-quality among Franciscan writers of Silver Bosnia.

Family and Polis. The Socio-Philosophical Legacy of Plato and Aristotle at the Present Time

Author(s): Pavol Dancák / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The current debate on family is subject to rapid social changes which have had colossal negative impact on economy itself and on the economy of entire countries. The purpose of social and family life is not to bound, but to develop the human being. Thoughts about the future of the family are associated with education in the very sense that is pointed out by human experience. It can be said that Aristotle’s legacy is as follows: for subject, it is necessary to reflect pro futuro basic demand of how to be “together with others,” to act “with others” and, on which depends realization and completion of the subject’s being.

The Family in the Contemporary World. Catholic Social Teaching and Gender

Author(s): Krzysztof T. Wieczorek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Contemporary man confronts a dilemma. In search of his or her own identity and a model of life in human community, an individual can choose between two attitudes which exclude each other. The first one is shaped by the Catholic Social Teaching and is based on a foundation of Christian anthropology. It leads to self-identification within the framework of a double model of the human being: man and woman. Consequently, someone identified with his or her biological sex tends toward self-fulfillment in the traditional social and cultural role. The second attitude is based on the postmodern deconstruction of the category of sex. It leads to a blurred vision of one’s own sexual identity, denial of opposition and complementarity of man and woman and rejection of traditional criteria of choosing one’s way of life. This paper presents the arguments of these two attitudes and the probable consequences of choices made within the framework of both options discussed.

Некоторые аспекты кодификации феномена современного славянского язычества по данным полевых исследований

Author(s): Roman Shizhenskiĭ / Language(s): Russian Issue: 38/2014

On the basis of material received from a survey of three Russian pagan associations, the author discusses some features of “rodnovercheski” communities, as well as world view of followers of this religious and socio-political phenomenon. More attention is paid, in the first place, to the social composition of neo-pagan communities. Criteria such as age, place of work and education of neo-pagan adepts are taken into consideration, as well as the following question: Who do the representatives of neo-paganism regard as their allies and who as their opponents?

«Кара Божья» и «Чудо Господнее» в рассказах об осквернении святынь в текстах современной украинской крестьянской традиции

Author(s): Julija Buĭskikh / Language(s): Russian Issue: 38/2014

The article deals with the investigation of a concept of ‘Lord’s punishment’ and ‘Lord’s miracle’ in the folk oral stories about violation of the sanctities in modern Ukraine. It is based on a large amount of data collected in different Ukrainian regions in rural environment in 2007–2013. The most representative ninety texts were involved in the research. They could be divided in two main groups due to their plots: 1) the violation of a temple (church or chapel is turned into a grain, vegetables or techniques store, club-house, school; communist activists dance at the altar or defecate inside of the church); 2) the destroying or burning a temple itself. In the number of texts the motives of ‘Lord’s miracle’ and ‘Lord’s punishment’ act in a certain unity. Thus, in one case, the motive of the miracle precedes the motive of the punishment. In the other case, God shows His miracle some time after the punishment came. Anyway, the motive of Lord’s punishment is the main concept in the majority of the texts selected. It is separated in two plots: the punishment immediately gains upon the defiler (defiles) or it reaches them later. It this case it overtakes as a long agonizing death or can reflect the life of the defiler’s children and even grandchildren. The destroying of the church means the annihilating of the whole world order in the traditional worldview of the village-dwellers that influences their everyday life till nowadays.

Barboros Juškienės fundacijos Kauno parapijinei bažnyčiai likimas 1525–1782 m.

Author(s): Vaidas Grinčalaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 15/2015

In the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after introduction of Christianity at the end of the 14th century, the financial support in the form of foundation constituted a strong support to the Catholic Church; it involved both the nobility and citizenry. The above donations include the foundation of Barbora Juškienė to Kaunas Parish Church. Thus, the present article is aimed at analysing the destiny of the property donated to the church from the very beginning of donating the foundation in 1525 to the visitation of Ignas Masalskis in 1782. The article described the legal disputes of the parson instituted with a view to retrieving the property belonging to the church which over time for different reasons has ended up in the hands of other owners. The article does not go deep into detail in adjudication of judicial proceedings as such; the proceedings are only briefly reviewed in the article.

„Pabėgimas į tėvynę“: egzegetinės strategijos istorija

Author(s): Tatjana Aleknienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 57/2016

Šis straipsnis apibendrintai perteikia kelių mano prancūzų kalba parašytų tyrimų, skirtų Filono Aleksandriečio egzegetinių veikalų vaidmeniui filosofinės egzegezės istorijoje, rezultatus. Siekiu įrodyti du tradicinėms filosofijos istorikų nuostatoms prieštaraujančius teiginius: 1) žydų Raštų egzegetas Filonas Aleksandrietis (apie 25 m. pr. Kr. – 45 m. po Kr.) laikytinas vienu iš filosofinės nefilosofinių tekstų egzegezės pradininkų; 2) Aleksandrijoje ilgai mokslus ėjęs filosofas Plotinas (apie 205–270 m.) veikiausiai buvo susipažinęs su egzegetiniais Filono Aleksandriečio veikalais.Už galimybę atsidėti nuodugnesniam „Teaiteto“ egzegetinės „formulės“ plėtotės platonizmo tradicijoje tyri¬mui esu dėkinga Lietuvos mokslo tarybai, finansavusiai mano vykdytą mokslo projektą „Filonas Aleksandrietis ir filosofinė graikų kultūra“ (MIP-064/2014). The article provides a survey of the results of several of my studies published in French and dedicated to the role of Philo of Alexandria’s exegetical works in the history of philosophical exegesis. My aim is to prove two statements which contradict traditional views among the historians of philosophy, namely: a) that the exegete of the Jewish Scriptures Philo of Alexandria (ca 25 BC – 45 AD) should be considered as one of those who initiated philosophical interpretation of non-philosophical texts; b) that the philosopher Plotinus (ca 205–270), who has studied in Alexandria for a long period of time, probably knew Philo of Alexandria’s exegetical works. For the possibility to consecrate myself to a thorough analysis of the exegetical development of the formula of Theaetetus in the Platonic tradition, I am grateful to the Research Council of Lithuania which financed my research project „Philo of Alexandria and Greek philosophical culture“ (MIP-064/2014).

Семантика на термините за черен и бял цвят в Стария Завет

Author(s): Moni Almaleh / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2003

За функцията на два раннохристиянски паметника от Историческия музей в Оряхово

Author(s): Vania Popova-Moros / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2002

A marble cross of the Latin type was discovered by chance in 1981 in the locality of Kapitanitsa, near the village of Leskovets, Oriahovo district, now kept in the Historical Museum there, No 2560; with dimensions 59 x 36 cm; made of white marble. It represents the True Cross, made of an ancient oak tree, which all of a sudden came into leaf with two branches. The masterpiece reveals an antique sense of volume, the essence of difference surfaces, and the organic asymmetry of nature. Such types of crosses are not met in the Early Christian period in Bulgaria, and rare parallels come from Carthage -probably from a baptisterium, and have a liturgical function. The same purpose is assumed in the article and it is also considered that this type of crossed reflects the West Roman litu​rgy at the end of the IV - beginning of the V century, in the western part of the Lower Danube (from the line Oriahovo - Storgosis westwards), together with the Latin mosaic inscription of Basilica No 1 from Storgosia, part of the Western liturgy, and gold glass fragments from the necropolis also there. The cross was probably plased in front of the bema or aside in the eastern part of the Good Shepherd, coming from the village of Selanovtsy, Oriahovo district, published long ago and included among the Exhibition monuments of the Christian Art in Bulgaria, in 2001, in Rome. In the Catalogue the statue is considered to be from the tetrarchy. In our article the date is later, about the middle of the V century, according to the stylistic features (eyes, curls, tunic, pose). The hole on the tope of the statue (the capital-like top) is probably intended for a stand and so the whole statue was a candlestick or a leg of a table or decoration of fountain. Both monuments reflect the earlier phase of official Christian art of IV - beginning of the V century, when plastic values and marble were still very widely used in liturgical objects and implements, and during the V-VI centuries they were replaced definitely by metal ones almost entirely, and the ancient plasticity disappeared too.

Zusammenfassungen

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2002

Summaries of the articles in the issue.