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MODES OF LEARNING AND TEACHING IN METHODOLOGY SESSION

Author(s): Tatiana Konovalenko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The author of the article presents the results of Baseline study within the joint project of British Council Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “New Generation School Teacher” as well as the results of this project implementation. The project is described as the one to introduce change to the initial teacher education system in Ukraine. The shared information is on the modes of learning and teaching used in the course of Methodology of English Language Teaching which has been piloted since September, 2016 in 10 Ukrainian universities. The sessions within the experimental course contain a great variety of modes of learning and teaching. This course comprises the best examples of teaching as Methodology is the main course in future teacher’s education. The new Curriculum is shown as the one which focuses on developing the professional skills of teaching through student active participation in the methodology course. The author describes the following range of modes for students’ being engaged in active learning: group work, guided reading, jigsaw learning, microteaching, project work, task-based learning and workshop. The sessions of the Methodology course are based on the principles of Bloom’s Taxonomy and according to Kolb’s experiential cycle. They are held in English. There are always good opportunities for the development of students’ life skills. Within working in groups of changeable composition, future teachers learn to act collaboratively, to be responsible for the group’s decisions, to be tolerant, to be convincing. Their critical thinking is promoted as well. Student-centred Methodology sessions help students to become able of holding student-centred English classes in their future professional life. In the article there is a detailed description of one Methodology session comprising various modes of students’ learning. Besides, the author explains that the course of Methodology is closely connected with the practical aspects of learning and teaching at schools where students have their school practice.

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SEMANTIC STRUCTURE AND EVALUATING CHARACTERISTICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH COMPONENTS DENOTING AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS

Author(s): Oksana Ponomarova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article is dedicated to the complex study of Ukrainian, English and German phraseological units with components naming people by their occupation in the agriculture-related industries. The person designations reflecting the place people occupy in social relationships network make up an important part of any language lexis, as they represent the nature of various social roles, values and views of different ethnical and social communities. The article highlights structural, semantic and stylistic features of set phrases with components denoting agricultural occupations. The role of denotation for the profession of this type in the formation of the phrase meaning is traced. Special attention is paid to evaluation of agricultural occupations, their approval or condemnation in the language society. As a result of the research, it is stated that phraseological units with components denoting agricultural occupations in Ukrainian, English and German express a wide range of meanings. In the inner structure of set phrases these professions may have direct original meanings as well as the following derivative phraseological ones: the denotation of any worker, social status, a certain type of personality. It is concluded that a positively evaluated verbal stereotype of a farmer represents the basic concepts of human activity: labour, though difficult, is considered to be the basis of a happy and prosperous life. Agricultural occupations meet all the requirements existing in public consciousness, such as benefit, creative work, physical labour, importance of a product, responsibility, quality of work and its complexity, qualifications; that is why they are highly appreciated.

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MEDIA EDUCATION AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

Author(s): Yevheniia Protsko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Today millions worldwide are Internet subscribers. It is easy to have the Internet connection everywhere: in different educational and social settings, coffee shops, public transport, shops, classrooms etc. This article attempts to investigate the usage of the Internet and Internet technologies in the process of teaching English as a foreign language, as at present to go with the times it is impossible for a teacher to neglect the interests and requirements of his students. We admit several problems with the traditional system of education: you need to pay thousands of dollars perterm to attend a prestigious school or University. But today you not always need to leave you home for studying - online learning has to be the greatest revolution in contemporary education.

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PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHER TRAINING REFORM PROJECT IN UKRAINE: ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING AND OF LEARNING

Author(s): Ihor Romanyshyn / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article highlights the essentials of the PRESETT reform project in Ukraine, key findings of the Baseline Study with a focus on assessment, the formative and summative assessments in the new PRESETT curriculum and the ways assessment is and can be used for improving student teachers’ learning. The author mostly draws on the material worked out by the project team. Based on the findings and recommendations of the Baseline Study the project team has developed new ways of assessing progress and achievement within the Methodology Curriculum of the PRESETT Bachelor’s programme. The assessment follows the principles of transparency, variety and balance, link to outcomes, manageability for methodology teachers and progression over the programme. In the new curriculum, continuous assessment is both formative and summative assessment, and the final assessment is summative. A special focus is given on the latest results of the piloting of the new curriculum carried out at Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. The piloting of Modules 1, 2 and 3 of the curriculum has demonstrated that student teachers are efficient users of such types of continuous assessment as presentation and quiz, while they still need to improve reflective writing and personal account. The research offers classroom strategies that are effective in promoting formative assessment practice – the use of questioning, student thoughtful reflection, effective teacher feedback, peer feedback, student self-assessment, redrafting of the work, and the formative use of summative assessment. It also supports the idea that the following techniques/tools associated with formative assessment – checklist, classroom journal, conferencing, discussion, examples of good work, learning diary/log, open-ended questions, rubrics and sharing assessment criteria – can help students to learn more effectively.

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WHAT IS ‘TASK-BASED LEARNING APPROACH’?

Author(s): Olha Svyrydiuk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

What is Task-based Learning Approach? Task-based Learning is a different way to teach languages. It can help the students by placing his/her in a situation as in the real world. A situation where oral communication is essential for doing specific task. Task-based Learning has the advantage of getting the student to use his/her skills at his/her current level. To help develop language through its use. This article aims to present key principals of TBL, the advantages of using it. It gives a clear explanation of ‘Task-based Learning’ structure and some recommendations to use it while teaching English to adults.

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I am Mad, Therefore I think

Author(s): Rumyana Cholakova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper analyzes the first modern Chinese short story, Lu Xun’s “Diary of a Madman” with the help of some ideas from modern psychology and literary theory. My theoretical frame of reference is Foucault’s idea that madness is a particular lack of language (voice). Both Foucault and the American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz see psychiatry as a discipline for the scientific protection of society and an instrument of oppression. In Lu Xun’s short story “madness” is also related to the castigation of society, not to health and reason. Descartes divides reason and madness, Foucault tries to restore the voice of madness and its right to speak. Lu Xun, however, goes a step further than Foucault. He equates thinking with “madness.”

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Winterův román ůistr Kampanus a některé jeho významové souvislosti

Author(s): Jiří Kudrnáč / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper is devoted to the historical novel Master Kampanus (publ. in book form in 1909) by the Czech writer and historian Zikmund Winter (1846–1912), and to its comparison with some similar Czech and foreign books, namely, Darkness by Alois Jirásek, Salammbô by Gustave Flaubert, The Egyptian by Mika Waltari and some recent Czech historical novels. Master Kampanus is one of the books of fiction that belong to the debates on the sense of Czech history. It is characterized by a close relation between the protagonist and his milieu, thematization of the conflict between the great and small history, tragicomism, and the rich use of irony.

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Lyrické drama Františka Hrubína

Author(s): David Kroča / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The study deals with an interpretation of a play by František Hrubín, Křišťálová noc. The year 2021 will mark sixty years since its premiere on the stage of the National Theatre in Prague. The present work discusses the public reception of the drama right after the release and its standing in the context of contemporary theatre with a special account of the response after the ambitious Prague staging in Švando vo divadlo in 2011. The significance of this almost forgotten play by Hrubín lies mainly in presenting non-idyllic characters along with the theme of the revolting youth and provocative daily ordinariness introduced to the Czech theatre by Hrubín at the beginning of the 1960s.

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Verbum de verbo sive sententia desententia

Author(s): Georgi Kapriev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Two translation procedures from the 12th century are the subject of consideration in this critical essay: the way in which Anselm of Havelberg’s debates were translated in Constantinople in 1136 and the reading by Gerhoh of Reichersberg and his followers of the resolutions of the Synod of the Church in Constantinople in 1166. The aim of the analysis is to refute the widely held view that the nature of Latin translations in the 12th century was constantly the execution verbum pro verbo.

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"Устройство" на славянския език

Author(s): Tanya Neycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

At the beginning of the 19th century, the “father of Slavic philology” Josef Dobrovský published his work entitled Basics of the Old Slavonic Language (1822). In doing so, he did not step on a previously untrodden ground but took as a basis the famous Slavonic Grammar (1619) by Meletius Smotritsky. The present text attempts to compare the point of view of the two authors, separated by 200 years, towards the same literary language – the Church Slavonic. It appears that while Meletius looked forward to the future, Dobrovsky looked back to the oldest state of an already classical language.

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CIORAN, HEIDEGGER AND ADORNO – EXIT FROM THE "NOTEBOOKS"

Author(s): Ovidiu-Marius Bocsa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The gesture of leaving a given environment/milieu or an exteriorization of "interiority" and "subjectivity" is as risky as that of suicide to understand death. Forgetting, ultimate sincerity, exaltation, deconstructive memory could be quite unexpected and unwanted forms of death by anchoring in an unknown port marked by anxiety, or eviscerating an eye, that is, restricting vision, vision and creative imagination under the tyranny of the ideas. I added three individual models. "Notebooks" are a threshold, e.g. a space for intermediation, exit or entry, or stumbling. The warning in the pavilion would sound like this: We can be guided by utopias and generous ideas, but they can degrade, becoming ideologies that lead to dystopias, nihilism, disasters, frustrations and self-frustrations, regrets. "Let's leave the door open for us," Theodor W. Adorno urges us somewhere in A Message from The Bottle, that is, to leave neither hope nor the possibility of returning to ourselves, that is, after the beautiful Romanian saying of "come to our senses", to return to our (human) nature.

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(Езиковият) пейзаж на съвременнa София – увод в изследванията

Author(s): Patryk Borowiak / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the (language) landscape of contemporary cities, taking Sofia as an example. Instead of dividing the linguistic and graphic material (collected in 2020 and 2021 in the Bulgarian capital) into the usual categories of top-down signs and bottom-up signs used in landscape-related studies, I propose a novel concept centred around design and the human senses. The two proposed categories will be described in detail and further subdivided into lexical and graphic entities in a way that would enable the adoption of a synthetic approach to studying the specifics of the Bulgarian capital through the prism of its (language) landscape. The article highlights the advantages of the collected empirical material and its systematisation as well as the prospective lines of research that could benefit from it.

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За някои недостатъчно изследвани области на българо-полската съпоставителна лексикология

Author(s): Petar Sotirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of discussion are some areas of Bulgarian-Polish comparative lexicology, which are insufficiently studied and represent a field for the implementation of interesting research projects. The aim is to describe the state of research in these areas and to present ideas for their expansion. The focus is on two areas – the comparative study of archaization and the colloquialization of vocabulary in both languages. With regard to archaization, examples are given of asymmetries in the field of vocabulary extinction, which present cases in which tokens from one language are obsolete and in another language are in active function. The author assumes that the factors that provide this “second life” of outdated vocabulary outside the territory of the national language are primarily non-linguistic in nature and their comparative study is interesting. The paper also touches on the state of comparative Bulgarian-Polish research in the field of colloquial vocabulary, the more in-depth study of which is necessary due to the current trend towards colloquialization of the language.

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Болгарские острова на лингвистической карте Юговосточной Европы

Author(s): Elena Uzeneva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article presents an ethnolinguistic analysis of the vocabulary of calendar rituals as part of the lexicon of the traditional folk culture of the Gorani, Islamized Bulgarians. They form one of the Slavic enclaves in Albania. By professing Islam, the Gorani retain the old Christian calendar, which, however, has been rethought in view of agricultural tasks and general well-being. The dominant part of the ritual terminology is of domestic origin (Stredzima, Korezelyanitsi, Blagoets), with the exception of the names of the Muslim rites (Kurban Bayram, Ramadan Bayram, Nevruz). There are cases of the folk etymology among the chrononyms.

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Екзистенциални и модални предикати и онтология на състоянията

Author(s): Anton Zimmerling / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

I discuss holistic and partial predicate ontologies, with focus on the realization of static spatiotemporal predicates in Russian and Bulgarian. I follow the distribution of three constructions with dative case marking on the semantic subject. Modern Bulgarian and Modern Russian share only one of them – dative-predicative structures (DPS), while Russian and Old Slavic languages also use dative-infinitive structures (DIS) as the main cue of expressing the meaning of external modality. The third type – hybrid predicates headed by a negative existential – is a bridge construction between DIS and DPS. Hybrid predicates like негде спать (no place to sleep), некого винить (no one to blame) originated in Old Russian as embedded DIS sentences, but drifted towards DPS. They are partly integrated in the ontology of the Modern Russian DPS construction and behave as modal predicatives with a number of deviating features.

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Определено количество

Author(s): Stoyan Burov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents a detailed review of Bulgarian grammar works (19th c. – 21st c.) on the so-called numerical form of non-person plural masculine nouns. To this end, the content of the object quantity relations and their expression in language have been reconsidered. The distinction between definite quantity and indefinite quantity has been introduced, definite quantity being further subdivided into exact definite quantity and approximate definite quantity. It is suggested that the term numerical form (broyna forma) should be replaced by the more appropriate term definite quantity form (forma za opredeleno kolichestvo). The paper also focuses on the status, meaning and use of masculine-person numerals.

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За граматическия статус на композитумите от типа „който ще да е“

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova,Petya Osenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents initial observations on the status of the composite type ‘koyto shte da e’. For this purpose, extensive illustrative material was extracted and considered from Bulgarian corpora and from Internet. The usages of this composite as indefinite pronoun were described as well as its usages as weak subordinator. Due to the weakened subordinator nature, the composite has been interpreted rather as a separate predicative unit in speech. In the first case the composite is a synonym of the pronouns of type ‘(to) i da e’ while in the second case it is synonymous to the expression ‘no matter who’. Attention has been paid also to the contexts, in which the pronoun and predicative usages compete. In both realizations however ‘koyto shte da e’ has been marked with the feature [+absolute arbitrariness of choice] and it expresses higher degrees of emphasis. We suppose that these characteristics of the composite are due to the inclusion of the modal formant ‘shte’. It has been shown that in the process of grammaticalization from the concessive subordinators to indefinite pronouns there exist various transitional stages between the predicative nature and the nominal one.

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Интонационни и прозодични особености на простото двусъставно изречение в българския език

Author(s): Hristiana Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research is focused on comparison of the prosodic characteristics of simple sentences (positive statements) in Bulgarian. The main goal is to compare the prosodic features of positive statements focusing on the prosodic grouping. The experimental protocol consists of processing the sentences, gathered in a corpus for the aims of the project “Rhythm and Intonation in Bulgarian Sentences” (МУ21-ФлФ-013) with Speech Anlyzer 3.1 and analysis of their melodic graphs and spectrograms with focus on the prosodic grouping of the phrases.

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Амбивалентни оценки в комуникативния процес, отразени в българските фразеологизми, пословици и поговорки

Author(s): Teodora Rabovyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The object of the paper are 45 double-natured phrases which rely on context and situation. They may depend on the desire to speak only the truth, but to conserve one’s feelings. Phraseological units that change their value about positive or negative evaluation. Often the context specifies the positive or the negative mark of the construction. There is opposition between the past and the present, accompanied by changing the assessments (+ → – and vice versa). For example, phrases with stylistic note ʽrebelliousnessʼ are positively marked (i duma da ne stava = I will not hear of it; vikam s palen glas; na visok glas = in a loud voice; pravo, kume, v ochi = straight out, without mincing the matter; flat and plain; dumata mu na dve ne stave = his word is law; ne tsepya basma = not mince one’s words). They oppose to ʽobedienceʼ (stiga da reche „kuku“; ne karsha prikazkata / dumata na dve; zhenata me vodi za ezika) and ʽmasking the truthʼ (edno mu e na sartseto, drugo mu e na ustata = he wears his heart upon his sleeve; s okolni dumi; shlevya se kato zhaba; imam prikazka za nyakogo; kazvam dve dumi; Ne go usukvaj kilifarski! Usukvam go po kilifarski = don’t beat about the bush, get to the point). Another opposition is built about the silence as ʽpreserving a secretʼ and ʽbreaking one’s promice / wordʼ (compare the semantic and the etymology of the expression izplyuvam kamacheto = spill the beans). We also look at the stylistics of double-natured phraseological units (in comparison with artistic devices, used in negatively and positively charged expressions) to explain their power of expression and aesthetic effect in speech.

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Речникът в сборника Български притчи или пословици и характерни думи на П. Р. Славейков

Author(s): Tsvetelina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents one of the so-called intext dictionaries with a specific title: Dictionary of little-known words and expressions. It is without authorship and is published in the collection Bulgarian Proverbs or Proverbs and Characteristic Words by P. R. Slaveykov, published in 1954. The dictionary is interesting with a view to the reader‘s perception and the history of Bulgarian lexicography. It is established that for 60 years there have been serious changes in the lexical system of the Bulgarian language.

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