ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Author(s): D. M. Djusubaliyeva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

One of the requirements of the international community to the training of specialists is a quality education. The Republic of Kazakhstan is actively implementing new information technologies in the educational process to promote quality of learning materials. One of the most promising educational technologies are the technologies of distance learning. Distance learning gives students the opportunity to study at a distance from the training center and thereby expands the boundaries of education, going even beyond a single state. The article shows the main trends and ways of implementing distance learning in higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, their advantages and problems, the conditions which are necessary to implement the Distance learning technology.

Конфликтогенность пространства многоквартирного дома (словарь заряженных конфликтами локусов и объектов)

Author(s): Aneta Banaszek-Szapowałowa / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Гипермаркет и ресторан с когнитивно‑оценочной точки зрения

Author(s): Maciej Walczak / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Темные аллеи парка и “парк‑конфликт” современного представления

Author(s): Piotr Czerwiński / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Co nam przeszkadza w tłumaczeniu, czyli jeszcze o barierach w przekładzie

Author(s): Jolanta Lubocha-Kruglik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents issues affecting the quality of translation. They are usually referred to as language and cultural barriers. Language barriers are most frequently connected with grammatical difficulties between languages while cultural barriers are understood as differences between languages resulting from the widely understood cultural differences. Occurrence of language barriers in translation leads to certain semantic shifts observed at many levels: axiological, pragmatic, cognitive, mental and others.The article also emphasises the fact that frequently translation problems start already in the mother tongue. They are caused by wrong interpretation of the meaning of a text or its fragment. In addition, using incorrect meaning of words, lack of language precision as well as stylistic and punctuation carelessness pose another problem.

Tłumacz w roli twórcy, twórca w roli tłumacza

Author(s): Anna Fimiak-Chwiłkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The literary translation due to its complexity and multidimensionality is undoubtedly a considerable challenge for a translator, who each time puts his own competences to the test. An interesting aspect in this context is the look at the characteristics of a translator of literary texts, who is also an author. The aim of this considerations is to sketch in the phenomenon of a poet‑translator on an example of an eminent translator of Polish literature into German – Henryk Bereska. The starting point are the considerations constituted on intertextual theories, that in a broader context imply questions not only about a peculiarity of transposition process of a work of an author by a poet‑translator, but also in the context of relationships between their own work versus translation of a work of another poet about its influence on translation poetics. In terms of this paper the most important is the question about existence of intertextual elements between the work of a poet‑translatorand his translations work of another poet. The object of analysis are selected poems by Henryk Bereska and his translations into German of lyrics by Tadeusz Różewicz.

Cenzura a przekład

Author(s): Anna Paszkowska-Wilk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of political censorship in the Polish cinematography from the perspective of a film translator. The conclusions presented in the article have been drawn on the basis of an analysis of translations of Polish films into Russian done by means of subtitles, dubbing and the voice over technique. In order to evade limitations imposed by the ruling political party translators used various techniques which significantly influenced a final version of the translator’s work (i.e. film). Understanding implicitly presented threads of the plot allows for correct interpretation of the work in which a part of the meaning is hidden or indirectly presented through e.g. metaphors, symbols or music. The author also emphasises that the film is an art form in which information included in its each layer plays an important role in understanding meaning of the whole work.

(Nie)poprawność polityczna w nauczaniu tłumaczenia (konfrontacja angielsko‑polska)

Author(s): Ilona Delekta / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the issue of political correctness in English and Polish as well as in language teaching, particularly in teaching translation. The considerations presented here are based on Polish and English literature (the term English literature refers to publications by English native speakers), as well as on the author’s experience as a teacher and translator. Certain sociocultural differences affecting the approach to this issue in both languages have been indicated. Due to complex and dynamic nature of the discussed issue, the article focuses only on selected language aspects which might cause problems with correct interpretation of the source text or its appropriate translation into Polish. Numerous examples, mainly from English, illustrate problems encountered by the translator and show how certain some assumptions of the political correctness in certain contexts can lead to absurd situations, misunderstandings or even identity loss.

Carnival world of crime stories in Polish translations

Author(s): Oksana Małysa / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The theory of carnivalisation in Bachtin’s approach, including certain cultural phenomena, is also reflected in translatology research. The article focuses mainly on the repertoire of linguistic devices related to the carnival, they include elements related to the identity change and a grotesque concept of the human body. Insults, curses and combination of components belonging to various style variations are also analysed from the same angle. The purpose of this article is the presentation of carnivalisation symptoms in the Boris Akunin’s criminal trilogy about the adventures of the nun Pelagia as well as describing specificity of translation techniques applied in translating the trilogy into Polish.

Tłumaczenia tytułów filmów z Jamesem Bondem na język francuski, niemiecki i polski

Author(s): Grzegorz Gwóźdź,Piotr Mamet,Elżbieta Pawlikowska-Asendrych,Beata Rusek,Andrzej Skwara,Małgorzata Gola-Brydniak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article aims at the comparative analysis of the linguistic aspects of the movie title. The authors of the article analyzed 24 James Bond movie titles. The analysis includes the analysis of the relation between the original English titles and their counterparts in French, German and Polish. The research showed that the translators worked according to three patterns that are shown in the article. The authors also came to the conclusion that the translators of the analyzed titles mostly aimed at the functionality of translation.

Śladami kultury i obyczaju – o aluzji socjo‑kulturowej w przekładzie

Author(s): Katarzyna Sadowska-Dobrowolska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to reflection on ways of translating socio‑cultural allusions. The difficulties discussed centered around a number of issues, among which the most important are: analysis of translation of allusive content and its effects and attempt to answer the question about the possibility of developing a universal method of translation allusions.Diversity of allusive references and unlimited possibility of introducing them to the text make the adoption of a single model of translating socio‑cultural allusions impossible: each caseis different in terms of type of allusions, the method of its introduction and the interpretationof its meaning. Therefore, the key to systematize the activities in the process of translating allusion may be moving methodological reflection on a more general level of relations between evocation, text and recipient. Any socio‑cultural allusion on the one hand it is interfacing with the text, which has been introduced, on the other hand provided the renovation is the potential visibility in the process of receiving. The relational approach to socio‑cultural references allows, in the initial phase of translation, to determine their importance (significance) and readability (visibility). The analysis of the relation allusion‑textallows identify and assess the status of specific allusions in relation to formal and narrative structure of the text. The question of readability concerns while the relation text – recipient. Its analysis can determine the status of allusions in the hierarchy of translation: the clearer allusion to the recipient source and – potentially – the target, its “saving” in translation seems to be more important. The proposed classification of socio‑cultural references can serve to systematize the process of translation and to facilitate the process of finding concrete solutions of translation. The practical illustration of reflections on the factors determining the treatment of allusions in translation and reflection on the existence of a system of rules translations were made comparative analysis of selected examples taken from three versions of the translation of the French comic Tour de Gaule d’Asterix, René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo (1965.) made by Jolanta Sztuczyńska (1992.) and Jaroslaw Kilian (1998. and 2011.) on request Egmont Publishing.

Praesens historicum pragmatics in Russian literary translation

Author(s): Anastazja Urża / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

When interpreting an English narrative, Russian translator does not have to stick to the Sequence of Tenses rule, and so he finds himself in the situation of linguistic choice: he can prefer either past narrative or present historicum verb form. Studying Russian translations in this aspect, we can take into the account ‘the addressee factor’, i.e. the pragmatic role ofpraesens historicum in a text, its influence on the reader. Comparing Russian interpretationsof the English texts in different genres, we can see that the choice of verb forms is influencedby the overall pragmatic strategy chosen by a translator. As the analysis shows, this strategyinduces the translator to make praesens historicum forms interact with some other linguisticmeans also helping to grasp the reader’s attention to the narrated events.

Obraz młodości w rosyjskim przekładzie Pornografii Witolda Gombrowicza

Author(s): Maja Kosioł / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present the results of the reconstruction of the selected aspects of the language picture of the youth in the original text and Russian translations of the novel Pornography by Witold Gombrowicz. The contrast between immaturity and maturity is one of the most important motives in Pornography and it consitutes the main axis of the novel. The purpose of the analysis is to verify the hypothesis that in spite of the close genetic relationship between Russian and Polish languages the pictures of youth in the original text and translations of the novel are different, which is the result of the translators’ choices and ofthe difference in the pictures of youth encoded in both languages. The theoretical basis of thework is constituted by the assumption that a translator creates a new linguistic reality based on the linguistic and cultural means encoded in a given language that he has at his disposal. As a result the notions traditionally reserved for semantics and cultural linguistics can and should be used in the translation studies.

Tłumacz jako mediator trzeciej kultury. Ksenizmy we francuskim przekładzie Po wyzwoleniu… (1944–1956) Barbary Skargi

Author(s): Magdalena Mitura / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses translation techniques used by Maryla Laurent to transpose Russian insertions depicting the realities of the gulag, presented by Barbara Skarga in her memories from the Soviet forced‑labour camp, into French. Comparative analyses have been focused on three groups of phenomena. The first group includes names of functions in the camp: narkom, chleborez, nariadczik. The second group includes types of prisoners, such as e.g. stukacz, dochodiaga, urkaczka. The third group includes lexical items referring to the daily life of zeks (gulag prisoners), e.g. zaczoty, tufta, pieriewospitanije.Different political circumstances determine different paradigms for the interface betweenthe original and target language, and the Russian language. While the borderline between theworlds of Soviets and Poles was, nolens volens, very harsh, contacts between Soviets and theFrench were of different nature, not backed by the collective experience of the nation. Thisfact determines different impact of the alienation effect in the texts, and consequently leads tosignificant divergence in the reception of foreign insertions.

Tłumacz wobec historii – elementy kulturowe w przekładzie powieści Draga Jančara Widziałem ją tej nocy

Author(s): Monika Gawlak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article concerns the novel To noč sem jo videl by a slovenian author Drago Jančar and the interpretation of culturally marked elements in Joanna Pomorska’s Polish translation. In the majority of such elements, the translator peels the strategy of foreignisation. It seems to be, that despite the intention of preserving foreignity of the work (intentio operis by Eco) related to the historical context, it is unable to be fully readable for a Polish reader. The less accessible remains the novel’s clearing level concering operations of national liberation taking place in The Kingdom of Yugoslavia at the end of the Second World War. The only actual reading of the novel takes place only in more individual, personal, less historical and national perspective.

Z problemów opisu słownictwa specjalistycznego: „Dyplomacja i polityka. Rosyjsko‑polska sonda słownikowa”

Author(s): Ewa Białek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the problem of lexicographic description of vocabulary related to the area of foreign affairs. Based on the study “Diplomacy and politics. Russian‑Polish dictionary survey”, the author shows major problems faced by a lexicographer. The analysed lexemes belonging to two different linguistic systems can take different meanings or values, be new (foreign) either in the same way or to a different degree for these systems. New meanings of lexemes – see: шерп (шерпа)/szerpa – demand introducing definitions or additional descriptive data to the dictionary entry. As the research proves, constant development of the official variation of language makes it necessary to reconceptualise existing descriptions of certain lexemes or their combinations.

W poszukiwaniu rosyjskich odpowiedników przekładowych polskich terminów cywilnoprawnych z zakresu orzeczeń w postępowaniu cywilnym

Author(s): Teresa Zobek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article is devoted to the civil law terminology in Polish and their Russian equivalents in the area of judgments given in the civil proceeding by the courts of the first instance. The discussed terminology includes the terms such as: wyrok – решение суда, nakaz zapłaty w postępowaniu nakazowym – судебный приказ в приказном производстве, nakaz zapłaty w postępowaniu upominawczym – судебный приказ в напоминательном производстве, nakaz zapłaty w elektronicznym postępowaniu upominawczym – судебный приказ в электронном напоминательном производстве, europejski nakaz zapłaty – европейский судебный приказ, postanowienie co do istoty – решение суда, postanowienie – определение суда. It is emphasised that searching for Russian equivalents in this area is a difficult time‑consuming process, particularly in the current ‘terminological chaos’ in the Polish‑Russian terminology related to the language of law and legal terminology. The best method of finding adequate equivalents in translation is a confrontation of parallel texts which has also been applied in this article.

Odpisy aktów stanu cywilnego w polsko‑rosyjskiej konfrontacji przekładowej

Author(s): Anna Podstawska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present results of a comparative analysis of Polish and Russian copies of civil registration certificates. The analysis revealed differences between Polish and Russian documents at various levels of text organization. Knowledge of these differences may be useful, for instance, to translators due to increasing the level of their genre competence. Anticipation of potential translation problems and providing solutions to them before they occur can optimize the process by reducing translation time and improving translation quality. The article also emphasises the need for confrontation of different legal systems as well as parallel texts functioning in those systems.

Rodzaje kontratypów w polskim prawie karnym i specyfika ich przekładu na język rosyjski

Author(s): Dariusz Gancarz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to countertypes, i.e. typical situations (circumstances) which always exclude criminal lawlessness of an act, and sometimes also any other kind of lawlessness. The term ‘countertype’, used in the legal language, was coined by Vladislav Volter, who introduced this concept into the Polish criminal law. What is more, in certain legal systems this term does not exist, and the equivalent institution is called a circumstance excluding either crime or lawlessness and penalty (in Russia: oбстоятельства, исключающие преступность деяния).The article presents the classification of the countertypes in the Polish criminal law and provides brief descriptions of both legal and non‑legal examples of countertypes as well assome suggestions of how to translate them into Russian and presents the assessment of the suggested options. Additionally, the article also refers to the criminal law of the Russian Federation and the regulation related to countertypes in the Russian penal code.

Translacja tekstu religijnego – przekaz doświadczenia duchowego. Twórczość przekładowa świętych Niła Sorskiego i Paisjusza Wieliczkowskiego

Author(s): Józef Kuffel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Basic issues1. The meaning of the writer’s function in the culture of Old Rus’2. Kirillo‑Belozersky Monastery as one of the main writing centers of the 15th century3. St. Nil Sorsky’s translation of Sinodik or prayer for the dead of St. Cyril of Jerusalem4. The rules concerning editing and correction of old translations of saints’ lives of the first millennium of Eastern Christianity – in St. Nil Sorsky’s Sobornik5. St. Maximus the Greek’s programme of renewal of the community of Orthodox Greeks and Slavs based on the patristic heritage6. Translation work of St. Paisius Velychkovsky and the revival of Orthodoxy in the second half of the 18th century7. The new translation of The Ascetical Homilies of St. Isaac the Syrian by St. Paisius Velichkovsky.