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“‘Sali, Sali’ (Pray Pray)”: Religion’s Role in the Process of Trauma Healing in Lucette Lagnado’s Memoirs

Author(s): Ichrak Issaoui / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2023

The current paper seeks to study the importance of religious practices in the journey toward healing from the trauma of exile. It focuses on the writings of the Jewish-Egyptian memoirist and Wall Street Journal investigator Lucette Lagnado, one of the very few writers who brought the story of the Jews of Egypt and their exilic experience to light. The history of the expulsion of the Jews of Egypt merits scrutiny as it is still understudied to this day. After the establishment of the state of Israel and after the widespread of anti-Semitism, the Jews of Egypt were subjected to multiple forms of oppression and were treated and labeled as traitors and spies, which led to their expulsion from Egypt. Exile was and perhaps even still is traumatizing for the Jewish community. When the philanthropic organizations failed to help the community heal from trauma, the community members turned to religious practices to assuage their pain. Cathy Caruth’s conceptualization of trauma theory and Stef Craps and Gert Buelens’ criticism of this theory will be of help to understand how exile can be a traumatic experience. The works of Darryl W. Stephens and Donald Meichenbaum, among many other scholars, will be of interest to better understand the role of religious practices in relation to healing from trauma.

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The Nexus between Orature and Poetic Language in the Crafting of Chinua Achebe’s Beware Soul Brother (1972)

Author(s): Youssoupha Mane / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2023

The objective of this paper is to analyze the way Chinua Achebe as a poet and an artist has availed himself of his indigenous oral literature and cultural community as features with which he has sharpened his poetry craft. Imageries such as the python, children chanting, themes like war, death, love, culture, and symbolisms, namely the vulture, the tortoise, the drum, lizards, etc. are mostly drawn from the huge and inspiring repertoire of orature ranging from funeral dirges, myths, folk anecdotes to proverbial utterances. These have been used as literary raw materials, fertilizing silt in establishing Beware Soul Brother (1972), and in capturing the flavor of African life, past and present, and its human conditions. The literary hybridity (which is also the poet’s hallmark) that prevails in this collection of poems, devoid of private mysticism and orphic messages, has undoubtedly enabled hearers/readers to be locally and universally receptive.

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ESPACE EUROPÉEN DE L’ÉDUCATION : RENFORCER LA RECHERCHE EN PÉDAGOGIE UNIVERSITAIRE POUR ALLER À LA QUÊTE D’ENVIRONNEMENTS INFORMATIQUES ET DE PRATIQUES ÉDUCATIVES NOVATRICES INFORMATIQUES ET DE PRATIQUES ÉDUCATIVES NOVATRICES

Author(s): Euphrosyne Efthimiadou / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

In the digital age, technological developments have emerged, which have prompted researchers and education practitioners to readapt to the new digital context. Research in university pedagogy has been extensive, with the aim of inserting this new digital culture into recent reforms. Computer systems accompanied by technological devices have been put into effect in order to demonstrate pedagogical innovation through the use of pioneering educational practices. According to the strategic framework of the European Education Area, the Member States of the European Union must set new objectives based not only on the strengthening of the means of strategic cooperation and synergies, in particular the European Research Area and the Bologna Process, but also on the setting of objectives and indicators of progress towards the achievement of the European Education Area. While taking into account the renewal of the university context in terms of education and training in the European area, it would be interesting to focus on the essential contribution of the Francophone University Agency (AUF) in the renewal of university pedagogy and training. Then digital pedagogical innovation (DPI) is carried out through networks and online computer systems. Finally, given the internationalization and digitalization of education, innovative pedagogical practices have emerged in the higher cycle. The implementation of learning management systems, whether in a blended learning model environment or in an open and distance learning environment, plays an essential role at the personal level in the development of learning strategies, but also at the collective level in the cultivation of professional competences.

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Extremele alterității: înțelepciunea (senecană) și nebunia (neroniană)

Author(s): Ilona-Manuela Duță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Master and student, philosopher and emperor, Seneca and Nero bring face to face the extremes of alterity faced by the decadent Roman world, both psychologically and politically, mirroring the agony of the disintegration of ancient moral rigours in contact with the carnivalesque hybridization specific to imperial expansion . The collision of the Stoic reason represented by the philosopher with the irrationality, histrionics, and with the delirium through which the power of the emperor transvestite in the actor is literally staged reveals the tragic agony (agon) of the sacrifice of virtue (virtus) on the altar of the palace erected in the temple of the new political rituals (intrigues, manipulations, crimes). The Reason is the center of Roman axiology to which Cicero devotes all his rhetorical force. In the new axiological order, virtue is replaced by the mask, signalling the weakening of the foundation (ontological, ethical, and symbolic) of a world in profound change. Not by chance, this era is the matrix of the creation of tragedy in the authentic Senecan expression, the tragedian operating a vivisection of the pathos in his tragedies, as the philosopher builds the walls of morality and of the logos by means of the Stoic doctrine. The internal cleavage of Seneca's work, since the philosophical doctrine is the space for the preservation of logos, while tragedy becomes the laboratory of pathos, is proportional to the dislocation of the Roman mentality between order and disorder. If the mental structures of the imperial world are persona (social role) and dignitas (good compliance with duty), then, the protagonists of the tragic scene, Seneca and Nero, embody these structures and confront them, the emperor dissolving the idea of role (political, social, civic) in a carnival mask, the philosopher defending the dignity given by reason and logos with his own life.

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Construcții cu verbul a tăcea în poezia lui Traian Dorz

Author(s): Florina-Maria BĂCILĂ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Our paper aims to analyse some aspects regarding phrases with the verb a tăcea in Traian Dorz’s poetry – a Romanian contemporary writer whose work illustrates, overall, the meanings of some spiritual experiences that fundamentally marked his existential path. We will consider the fact that, in several verbal phrases, a tăcea changes its common characteristics, occasionally meeting transitive use, and it associates with direct objects expressed by nominals in the accusative case. Other times, various pronominal clitics appear next to it, used even with ethical dative value. More than once, the lyrical sequences also integrate antonyms of this verb, in symmetries with an essential role in obtaining some obvious stylistic effects and, implicitly, in building the message of that specific poem, which relies on highlighting the relation between man and God – in a Christian vision –, on the direct dialogue of the soul with the Divine, a fact often manifested, paradoxically, through the absence of communication (commonly seen). Overall, we discuss a special type of “verbalising”, as a special manner of interior “speaking”, which offers the opportunity to live in an authentic spiritual discipline: it supresses any other form of confessing with words, these being substituted, thus, by an entire universe of unique experiences, situated under the sign of the unspoken.

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Elaborarea textelor de către studenții străini care studiază limba română. Provocări și strategii

Author(s): Eliana-Alina Coman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The Romanian language as a foreign language has received special interest from specialists in recent years. The emergence of innovative research and learning materials impose a dynamic in this part of the language. The study “Elaboration of texts by foreign students studying the Romanian language. Challenges and Strategies” is the result of experiences observed in teaching Romanian as a foreign language. Writing activities in Romanian represent a challenge both in terms of the written use of assimilated knowledge and in terms of the need to stimulate students' creativity. The situations noted in recent years have revealed the impediments encountered by students in writing texts in Romanian. The first part of the study presents the situation of the elaboration of the texts in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and in the bibliography concerning the teaching of foreign languages. The second part of the study brings a series of strategies to solve the difficulties encountered by the students. These are camouflaged within exercises to stimulate students' interest in writing texts in Romanian. Writing texts based on a plan from images is a strategy used in a multitude of existing materials, and studies aimed at this strategy have proven its use. The exercises proposed in the second part are intended to answer the difficulties of foreign students in the elaboration of texts in Romanian. The end of the study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using the proposed creative strategies.

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Secolul al XXI-lea și schimbarea paradigmei științifice în predarea lingvisticii (cu privire specială asupra sintaxei)

Author(s): Mihaela Secrieru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

We are currently anchored in a trenchant process of changing the cultural-scientific paradigm. As a result, university professors are required to possess the necessary procedural knowledge to envision a new methodological design of academic courses that is based on computer technologies. Specifically, university professors, as exponents of advanced knowledge, are required to address the question of how to teach in the digital era, which we currently find ourselves in. Furthermore, they must also consider how to completely digitize university linguistics such that the fundamentals contents are not lost and the didactic methods and tools have a high educational value. Discussing this topic with other members of the scientific community, it became quite clear that the concerns of digitization that have been explored so far, fall under the extremely well-known phrase Digital Humanities (DH) and Natural Language Processing (NLP), which have become a very clearly defined field over the past 20 years, with valuable reference works, specializations at the Master's level throughout Europe, research collectives, including in Romania, so this topic is officially legitimate, the process being already anchored in the present. It is noteworthy, however, that the domain attributes of DH and NLP are predominantly applied in lexicography, online communication programs, computational linguistics, annotations of computer program architectures, and other applicative domains, rather than being theoretical and targeting the core science. Despite the advancements made in these areas, little has been achieved in terms of the digital transformation of university textbooks in Romanian syntax, and other areas as well. Delivering a textbook in the form of a PDF or scanning some documents is minimal digitization, while true educational digitization requires the production of living, highly interactive textbooks, similar to intelligent apps on mobile phones. Nonetheless, such a revolutionary theoretical and applicative approach must be previewed before it can be realized. Each member of the university community, as mentioned above, must provide minimal answers in this regard, and I will also attempt to do so. I will briefly outline the curriculum contents that I traditionally teach to students in the discipline of contemporary Romanian language syntax and evaluate their longevity in relation to the massive digitization of all human knowledge domains by reviewing provisions from other university programs published on institutional websites.

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Expresii ale autenticismului în literatura română interbelică

Author(s): Carina-Maria Josan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The Romanian interwar poetics of authenticity is characterised by the establishment of an aesthetic and ideological program that involves, on the one hand, the reconfiguration of literature through new forms of writing and, on the other hand, the revitalization of Romanian culture as such. At the same time, interwar Romanian authenticism is characterised by the inclusion and reconfiguration of a series of literary, philosophical and aesthetic influences from Europe (but not only) which will be translated into works of fiction or non-fiction (diaries, studies or treaties) whose aim is to strengthen the sense of identity, both individual and collective. In this paper, a series of prominent examples of Romanian literature (Mircea Eliade, Emil Cioran, Mihail Sebastian, Eugen Ionescu etc.) will be analysed through the lenses of European ideas that have permeated literary and philosophical discourse. Thus, this paper analyse the way in which interwar Romanian discourse (in its variety of forms) was influenced by the circuit of European ideas, which were (re)adapted to the Romanian reality and ethos of the time.

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Identitate și memorie în romanul lui Oleg Serebrian Woldemar

Author(s): Gabriela-Emilia Merce / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Oleg Serebrian, a Bessarabian novelist, points out that cultural identity is supported by the language of expression, the past and the interference with the other. In his second novel, Woldemar, cultural and linguistic diversity is highlighted by the identity of the main character. In this context, the authenticity of the world results from the creation of a cultural, linguistic and social code, accepted by each side, since the set of identified values allows for identity knowledge. Oleg Serebrian creates a historical framework to present individual destinies, marked by what happens in the plane of their reality, a reality that outlines a cultural and linguistic diversity. In fact, if in the interwar period, Cernăuți was a multicultural center, an image outlined by Oleg Serebrian in his first novel, in his second novel, the city is marked by changes of power, which supports a fear regarding the expression of identity, of the personal past. Therefore, descending into Woldemar’s intimacy, Oleg Serebrian presents the game between the existent and the imagined, by reference to Woldemar’s childhood, the one whose identity is defined by the historical, social and political context. Thus, Woldemar, since childhood, seeks to discover what lies beyond what is seen. He is looking for a world that does not impose limits.

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Trecutul ca resursă imaginativă. Hibriditate, model și adaptare în romanul istoric al lui Alexandru I. Alexandrescu

Author(s): Alexandra Olteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The emergence and intensification of the historical novel corresponds to the stages of coagulation and crystallization of the modern Romanian state and culture, imbued with the vibrations of national identity. Literature faithfully reflects the tribulations of the formation of the taste for this hybrid species, whose taming of the expressive formula is gradually achieved, from the ornamentation and excesses of romantic rhetoric to the voluptuousness of the affable narrative. The novel, this hybrid species that has consistently established itself in the local cultural environment, is born of a compensatory literary effort and a specific ordering of events that, without programmatically eliminating randomness, expresses the will to impose progressive ideas, legitimising the cultural, social, ideological and political aspirations of the moment. As the favourite readings of 19th-century Romanian novelists were not historiographical works but Walter Scott’s novels, the vision of the authors of historical novels was shaped by a successful formula in which fantasy replaced historical accuracy. History became both a pretext and a motive for cultural modernity. In Alexandru I. Alexandrescu's novels, history serves as a resonance field for complex plots, and the hybrid character supports the effort to integrate several narrative formulas and intertextual strategies, which encompass the features of the crime, mystery and sentimental novel subgenres. The attributes of “original”, “mystery”, “historical” novel are relativised, despite authorial intent, by the thematic diversity of content and the increasingly volatile boundaries between model, adaptation and originality.

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Doing Research During Times of Crisis: An Auto/Biography

Author(s): Aneta Ostaszewska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of struggling with thoughts, emotions and experiences that emerged in the course of and as a result of my research during the Covid-19 pandemic. By referring to Liz Stanley’s notion of “auto/biography,” I strive to explore the meanings and implications of researching a researcher’s autobiography. I am interested in the epistemic discussion on the interrelationship of what is personal, political and/or institutional in the context of feminist studies. My aim is to reflect on such issues as the effect of research on the trajectory of my own auto/biography.

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SHHH ITTY : Raymond Federman’s Autobiographical Strategies

Author(s): Piotr Sadzik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article is an analysis of the posthumously published Shhh: The Story of a Childhood by Raymond Federman. In the book, Federman revolves around the primary scene of his writing, when his mother pushed him into the closet and, whispering “Shhh,” hid him from the Gestapo. I examine how the author, while undermining the supposedly autobiographical narrative of his survival, simultaneously disarms the discourse of the sublime that has weighed on many reflections on Shoah. For this reason, I analyze the intertwining of scatology and the blunt representation of sexuality present in Federman’s writing.

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Crisis and Passio: Encyclopedists and the Creation of an Encyclopedic Work

Author(s): Łukasz Wróbel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In the article I discuss that in encyclopedic works, from the Roman beginnings of encyclopedic discourse, there are noticeable textual traces that refer to the experiences and affective conditions of their empirical authors, and that the zoe of the empirical encyclopedist sometimes shines through from behind the bios theoretikos of the encyclopedic self. Moreover, the author’s decision to create an encyclopedic work is sometimes caused by a real or discursively assumed catastrophe as its justification.

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When Reality Breaks into Parts, Islands, Pieces: Yevgenia Beloruset’s War Diary

Author(s): Aleksandra Bednarowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article focuses on Yevgenia Belorusets’s War Diary, which she kept during the first 47 days of the Russian invasion on Ukraine in 2022. The diarist, a Ukrainian photographer, writer, and artist describes how the war affects every aspect of her life. She uses various strategies to distance herself from traumatic events happening all around her – events that evoke a range of emotions. This distancing is necessary to narrate her experience and appeal to international readers, as she strongly believes that her voice must be heard. In this article, I present the author, examine her diary as a text intended for publication, and consider how trauma shapes its content and structure

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“The spouting rant of high-toned exclamation”: The Art of Oral/Aural Caricature in Paine’s Rights Of Man

Author(s): Pierre Lurbe / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2024

Taking as its starting point Steven Blakemore’s contention that Thomas Paine’s purpose, in writing Rights of Man, was to “linguistically suppress” Edmund Burke, this article explores a comparatively neglected aspect of this attempt at linguistic suppression, namely the deliberate use of punctuation by Paine to undermine his opponent’s authority. Paine’s memorable phrase to characterize Burke’s style, “The spouting rant of high-toned exclamation,” is not simply an instance of the author’s verbal inventiveness. It is deeply rooted in the rich soil of mid- to late eighteenth century Britain, when grammar, punctuation and elocution became the topic of a growing number of books, in a cultural context in which “reading” was widely understood to mean “reading aloud.” Even so-called “silent reading” could not go without a certain amount of subvocalization, thanks to which the reader could be said to “hear,” even internally, the words on the page. All reading therefore involving a degree of performance, this allowed Paine to make devastating use of the exclamation mark to distort significant quotations from Burke and alter the nature of the emotions the original text was supposed to convey. This reminds us that political caricature can be no less oral/aural than visual.

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Poetic/Rhetorical Ethos and the Performative Power of Words in the “French” Books of The Prelude

Author(s): Catherine Bois / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2024

Wordsworth attended revolutionary debates in Paris in 1791. As a young republican he felt unskilled in public speaking. When he later sympathized with Tory principles he extolled Burke’s oratorical genius. However, he never disowned his early use of ideologically loaded words like “liberty.” Wordsworth’s poetic ethos is related to collaboration with the reader. Classical argumentation is a feature of his work, but his verse rhetoric favours the performative power of words. The notion of verbal effectiveness percolates through the sensualist reflection on language from Burke to Condillac and the Idéologues. It was also sustained by the reassessment of style in eighteenth century belletrism and rhetoric of communication. Romantic appraisal of ethos undercuts Aristotle’s ideal of the orator’s control over speech, which depends on a measure of balance between ethos, logos and pathos. Unlike Burke’s Ciceronian rhetoric and neoclassical poetics in Reflections on the Revolution in France, Wordsworth’s periodic syntax in Books 9-11 of The Prelude is energized by words geared to deliberative-cum poetic persuasion. Verbal echoes disseminate memorializing effects through such heterodox spots of time as the “hunger-bitten girl” episode. Ethos permeates the poetic persona and his practice of language indiscriminately, infusing words with an unprecedented combination of ethical and ideological ambiguity.

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Powroty Adama Mickiewicza do Polski

Author(s): Mikołaj Sokołowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2024

The article points out the symbolic consequences of the return of Adam Mickiewicz – the most important Polish romantic poet – to Poland in the period of the November Uprising (1831). His overly prolonged stay in the Greater Poland region, while the capital Warsaw collapsed under Russian force, was treated by various patriots as evidence of his betrayal of the Polish case. This stage of a great national debate on the moral attitude of the romantic writers ends with the solemn funeral of Mickiewicz at the royal Wawel Castle in 1890, when his body was transferred from the family grave in Montmorency (France). This funeral concludes the return of the poet Adam Mickiewicz to Poland and it makes of him a symbol of the independence of the Polish state.

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Sopravvivere senza ritorno: il nostos dai Lager

Author(s): Luca Bernardini / Language(s): Italian Issue: 15/2024

The paper deals with the question of return from a twofold perspective: the impossibility of a return of the Polish nation to the pre-World War II socio-political situation and that of a return to life for those who came out of the German death camps. The first part of the article deals with the issue of the disappearance of pre-war Poland in the perception of writers such as Miron Białoszewski, Tadeusz Drewnowski, Tadeusz Konwicki, Czesław Miłosz. In the second, the phenomenon of the “survival without a nostos” of those who survived the Lagers is analysed from a broad comparative perspective by studying the works of Jean Améry, Robert Antelme, Tadeusz Borowski, Viktor E. Frankl, Vasilij Grossman, Imre Kertèsz, Primo Levi, Liana Millu, Krystyna Żywulska.

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KNOWLEDGE AND POWER. SCHOOLS AND CULTURAL MISSIONS FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Antonio Ricci / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The spread of the Italian language in Romania has historical roots in medieval times and is part of long-standing cultural, political, and economic exchanges between the two nations. Italian played a role in shaping Romania’s cultural identity, beginning with Italian humanists who noted linguistic ties between Latin and Romanian. This connection strengthened over the centuries through diplomatic and cultural ties, including the Transylvanian School movement and the promotion of Latin heritage. In the 19th century, Italian became essential in elite Romanian education, and the interwar period saw a rise in Italian cultural institutions. Despite communist restrictions, Italian instruction persisted and gained renewed interest after the regime’s fall, reflecting Italy’s continued cultural impact and strong economic ties with Romania. Today, Italian language education remains significant for young Romanians, enriching bilateral relations in a connected Europe.

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Cătălina Bălinișteanu-Furdu, Plant and Animal Metaphors as
Signs of Proto-Ecofeminism, Hartung-Gorre Verlag, Konstanz/
Germania, 2024

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Cătălina Bălinișteanu-Furdu, Plant and Animal Metaphors as Signs of Proto-Ecofeminism, Hartung-Gorre Verlag, Konstanz/ Germania, 2024

Author(s): Mariana Tîrnăuceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2024

This article is a book review of Cătălina Bălinișteanu-Furdu, PLANT AND ANIMAL METAPHORSAS SIGNS OF PROTO-ECOFEMINISM, Hartung-Gorre Verlag, Konstanz/ Germania, 2024.

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