КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНА МЕТАФОРА «ЛЮДИНА ТА СУСПІЛЬСТВО» В ТЕКСТАХ ЗМІ НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ТА АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВ

Author(s): Oksana Nazarenko,Nadia Kabantseva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2024

The article provides a comparative analysis of the conceptual metaphor "Person and Society" in mass media texts on the material of the Ukrainian and English languages. A metaphor is a tool for thinking and knowing the world, it reflects fundamental cultural values. The cognitive-semantic content of the conceptual metaphor "Person and Society" makes it possible to divide it into four frames that are common to both studied languages: "War and Crime", "Medicine", "Sports and Games", and "Culture and Art". The conceptual metaphors of the "War and Crime" frame refer to war and its varieties, military actions, weapons, criminals and their victims, and places of imprisonment. The frame "Medicine" includes metaphors depicting various diseases, their treatment, names of drugs, as well as nominations of patients and staff and names of medical institutions. The frame "Sports and Games" combines metaphorical expressions indicating sports and its terminology, athletes and their qualifications, the results of sports competitions, as well as the names of games and their rules. The frame "Culture and Art" is the basis of metaphors, focused on the elements of creative artistic activity, education and science, which depict theater, visual arts, literature, as well as music and cinema. It should be noted that the frame "Economics and Finance" is frequently used in the English mass media texts and is almost never found in the Ukrainian mass media. The framework "Economics and Finance" includes the concepts of financial and economic activity, which are based on the appropriate terminology during verbalization.

The Works The Demon of Consent and Delayed Reports as Critical Reflections of Their Time

Author(s): Marcela Antošová,Kristián Vrábel / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The present study deals with two prominent personalities of literary, cultural, and social life, respectively their (in their time) important works. One of them is Dominik Tatarka and his cardinal work Démon súhlasu [The Demon of Consent, in magazine form in 1956, in book form in 1963] and Ladislav Mňačko and his Oneskorené reportáže [Delayed Reports, 1963]. In the turbulent years after the Second World War, when Czechoslovakia struggled to define its state character, both representatives radically sided with the regime and supported it in all their activities. For example, both Tatarka and Mňačko were involved (to some extent) in the conviction of wrongly accused individuals. However, they were among the first to understand the system’s destruction and criticise it publicly. The works, Démon súhlasu [The Demon of Consent] and Oneskorené reportáže [Delayed Reports], became significant in this regard. At the time of their publication, both texts boldly named the pernicious practices of communist totalitarianism and foreshadowed and contributed to the change in the social climate that led to the Prague Spring. Based on an interpretative probe, the present study aims to approach the semantic dimensions of these works and, through literary instrumentation, make accessible a mode of critical reflection on the communist regime.

Errors in Latin Inscriptions on Renaissance Works of Fine Art

Author(s): Olesia Lazer-Pankiv,Nataliia Korolova / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2024

Ever wider spread of the Latin language in Europe during the Renaissance period resulted in de facto bilingual society. Latin grew into a cultural code to understanding the ancient high culture heritage though in everyday life people kept using local dialects. Classical Latin was also used as the language of education and by the 15th century, most of the aristocratic elites had achieved a high-level proficiency in Latin. The desire to become a part of the elite class pushed artists, their customers, friends or relatives to place Latin inscriptions on works of fine art. Occasionally they even hired experts to create the text for the inscriptions. However, they were not always well-educated humanists and connoisseurs of the classical Latin, therefore the inscriptions contain numerous errors both in the original, custom-made texts and in quotations from ancient works. The analysis of the Latin inscriptions on paintings, frescoes and engravings of the Renaissance period shows that the most common errors are phonetic and orthographic. This reflects the peculiarities of the pronunciation of Latin letters and letter combinations in this period: use of digraphs (ae, ое), alternation of letters е-а, o-e, o-u, а-о, replacement of y with i, simplification in writing doubled consonants, interchange of ti and ci, parallel use of letters k and c, substitution of Greek aspirates with single-grapheme counterparts etc. Fewer are the errors of the morphological (declension) and syntactic (use of syntactic constructions, agreement, etc.) levels. Even rarer are the lexical deviations from the norms of classical Latin: most of the vocabulary of the inscriptions comes from the classical period. The desire to avoid incorrect use of certain forms often led to hypercorrection. In some cases, the errors were made because the artists did not understand the meaning of the inscription.

Између Србије, Америке и Британије: социолингвистички поглед на записе Мејбел Стобарт и Јелене Лозанић

Author(s): Svetlana Velimirac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2024

Between Serbia, America and Britain: a Sociolinguistic View of the Writings of Mabel St. Clair Stobart and Jelena Lozanić This paper deals with the construction of a complex sociolinguistic narrative network of meaning that includes intricate interaction of societies and individuals, local and global, based on narratives written by two female authors about personal experiences from the First World War: Mission for Serbia: Letters from America and Canada 1915-1920 (1970) by Jelena Lozanić Frothingham and The Flaming Sword in Serbia and Elsewhere (1916) by Mabel St. Clair Stobart. The authors presented their own experience of the war and the complexity of a woman’s identity, while they were relocated to a different environment –Jelena Lozanić from Serbia to the United States of America and Canada, and Mabel Stobart from England to Serbia. Through the sociolinguistic narrative network of these works, we discover new positions of power that women won by actively participating in the First World War, regardless of geographical distance, the diversity of their positions, roles, and environments. The messages of humanism and pacifism are addressed to the readers of both works, while concrete examples show how much an individual can achieve for the community through active social engagement. Reading these works and searching for the texts related to them, we ourselves become part of the same sociolinguistic narrative network (Filipović, 2018a: 219) as interpreters of social relations shown from the particular positions of the authors.

Analyzing the impact of Galamsey in Ghana: A romantic pastoral ecocritical study of Hopkins’s Binsey Poplars

Author(s): Ofosu Daniel Dwamena / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Humanity’s persistent neglect and overexploitation of nature have precipitated a rising concern regarding environmental issues, such as land and forest degradation and climate change. These issues have taken center stage in both literary and nonliterary discourse. This study explores how literature serves as a tool to expose human injustices toward nature and the environment. Through ecocriticism and textual analysis, Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poem Binsey Poplars is examined to highlight the ecocritical issues raised in the context of illegal mining in Ghana, commonly known as Galamsey. The study discusses the devastation caused by Galamsey activities in Ghana, which mirrors the destruction depicted in the poem. The analysis reveals that Ghana’s forest reserves and water bodies are under constant threat, and if these threats are not mitigated, there is a significant risk that nature will suffer irreparable damage. The research adopts a qualitative paradigm, allowing for a detailed textual analysis of the ecocritical issues in the poem and their reflection of the destructive impact on Ghanaian water and forest reserves. By understanding these ecocritical issues in Ghana through literary analysis, we gain insights into how literature can serve as a vehicle for character change, empathybuilding, and the dissemination of ideas. Furthermore, this approach illuminates how writers navigate and challenge prevailing societal problems through their works. The study concludes that ecocriticism as a theoretical framework not only offers a refreshing perspective for interpreting poetry but also brings to light critical environmental issues that threaten the safety and sanctity of the environment.

Gaze and power relations: A semiotic analysis of Thomas Hardy’s “Neutral Tones”

Author(s): Shajwan N Fatah / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

In this paper, I analyze Thomas Hardy’s “Neutral Tones” (1876), which has traditionally been interpreted through historical and personal lenses related to the poet’s voice and the nineteenthcentury context. Diverging from these perspectives, my semiotic reading focuses on the aesthetics of the language, revealing hidden aspects and deeper layers of meaning within the text. This study explores literary devices such as metaphor (Friedrich Nietzsche and Jacques Derrida), prosopopoeia, and ekphrasis, also exploring the theoretical concepts of male/female gazes (Laura Mulvey) and power relations (Michel Foucault). The findings suggest that the speaker’s identity is not confined to a male persona, and that power relations and the interplay of gazes shape the dynamics between the characters.

Игра на кодове и прочити в разказа „Паладини“ от Г. П. Стаматов

Author(s): Iliana Ivanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the independent printing of the story Palladini by G.P. Stamatov as a separate booklet. This story is one of the most artistic works by the writer and, beyond offering aesthetic pleasure, provides researchers with the opportunity to deepen their analytical skills. By focusing on certain codes not widely discussed by critics—primarily religious and musical—researchers can uncover their interplay with other codes in the text. Through analysis, new meanings are derived that have biographical references to the writer and address issues along the genealogical line both backwards and forwards (in relation to the father and the daughter, respectively).

Филология, литература и символна география на Европа (Ангел Валентинов Ангелов. Филология, литература и символна география на Европа…)

Author(s): Vladimir Donev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

За превода на конотации с националнокултурна специфика (Анна Баранова. Националнокултурната специфика на конотациите в превода от руски на български език…)

Author(s): Radost Zhelezarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

За превода на руската образна фразеология на български език (Елена Раденкова. Русская образная фразеология сквозь призму перевода…)

Author(s): Radost Zhelezarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Реализация холистического подхода в преподавании РКИ в болгарской аудитории старшеклассников

Author(s): Lyuba Staneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2024

The article is devoted to the current problem of multidisciplinary education. The purpose of the study is to review and analyze practical experience in the application of interdisciplinarity in light of holisticism when conducting a binary lesson. The article describes the implementation of a lesson with parallel teaching of literature, native and foreign languages based on authentic literary texts by representatives of two cultures (Bulgarian and Russian), who worked in the same era. The experience of interaction between closely related Slavic cultures and literatures in intercultural communication, as well as awareness of the value of native culture and spiritual and moral education through complex and interdisciplinary work with text is summarized. The article focuses on the need for a holistic approach in teaching RFL.

Искусственный интеллект в обучении иностранным языкам: возможности ChatGPT в создании учебных текстов

Author(s): Natalia Sheitanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2024

The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the current state and prospects of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational sphere. The focus is on the use of AI in learning foreign languages, including Russian as a foreign language (RFL). This article discusses the expansion of the possibilities of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the rapidly developing scientific and technological progress. It shows the main modern AI technologies and platforms, their application in teaching and their impact on the efficiency and quality of education. Special attention is paid to the capabilities of one of the most popular AI systems – ChatGPT system. The study analyzes the quality of educational texts generated by ChatGPT-4o and AI capabilities to take into account the requirements for text level and lexical minimum on the CEFR scale from A2 to B2.

Лингвистичен профил на израза имам предвид в българския парламент

Author(s): Petya Osenova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article presents a linguistic profile of the multiword expression “imam predvid (to have in mind)” together with its close variants “vzemam / vzema predvid (to take into account)” and “nyamam predvid” (not to have in mind). For the survey the Bulgarian part of the ParlaMint 4.0 corpus of parliamentary sessions has been used. The observations have been gathered through various corpus methods among which concordance, colocation estimation, frequency estimation of the expressions. The specifics have been shown in the usage of the most frequent wordforms of the expression “imam predvid (to have in mind)” as well the characteristics of the usage of the other two expressions. Illustrative comparisons have been made among the expressions with respect to the speech of two members of Parliament, within the parameter coalition – opposition as well as within the male and female speaking.

Felix Lobrechts Roman „Sonne und Beton“ im Kontext von Deutsch als Fremdsprache

Author(s): Angel Boyanov,Jacqueline Dyballa,Maria Nikolaeva,Ivan Stoyanov / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2024

Нетипичните паузи в речта на актьорите от серийния филм „Войната на буквите“

Author(s): Silviya Koeva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The present study marks and analyses atypical uses of pauses in the speech of the actors in the War of the Letters TV series. The focus is on the positions in the syntactic organization of sentences where pauses appear in their realization as utterances. Taking into account the non-spontaneous nature of speech in the studied discourse, it is assumed that they are integral to the adopted communicative strategies. The question is raised to what extent these pauses are effective and whether they have already evolved into typical “violations” of the generally accepted rules of using intonation pauses.

Лингвистични характеристики на устния дискурс в политическата сатира (наблюдения върху видеоблог във Фейсбук)

Author(s): Silvena Stavreva-Dorostolska / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The processes of transformation and affirmation of new forms in oral communication have been very intense in the last decade. Social networks have provided a platform for sharing not only written but also audio-visual outputs. The popularity of the vlogs quickly grew, and some of their creators acquired the status of influencers. A current phenomenon on Facebook is the political satire video blog of the Bulgarian journalist, public figure and inspirer of various volunteer initiatives, Tatiana Christy. The present article analyzes some modern linguistic features of oral discourse that appear in Christy’s clips. The paths through which political satire moves from press, stage and cinema to the social network in the form of short videos are traced, exploring the establishment of new genre boundaries. The audience’s perceptual transformations are also an object of analysis.

Wiralowość jako praktyka komunikacyjna we współczesnym dyskursie młodzieżowym (na przykładzie języka polskiego)

Author(s): Anna Wileczek / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article analyzes the phenomenon of (verbal) virality in the unofficial online discourse of young people. Multi-word structures, with the status of minimal text or quotation and an indeterminate (contextual) genological status (sayings, retorts, comments), gain popularity through numerous shares, humorous transformations, and ironic parodies. Therefore, it is essential to discover the mechanisms contributing to the popularity of these analyzed structures. The text employs methods from cultural cartography and semantic-pragmatic analysis to identify and discuss exemplary functions as ways in which these contents impact recipients (playful function, reinforcement of individual identity, phatic, educational, creative, emotional, and inspiring-motivational functions).

Езикова употреба и идентичност при ромите мюсюлмани на Балканите

Author(s): Hristo Kyuchukov,Łukasz Kwadrans / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper presents results from a survey with Muslim Roma from North Macedonia and Cyprus. Both language groups are multilingual: the North Macedonian Roma speak 4 languages and the Cypriot Roma – 3 languages in their everyday communication. The aim of the study is to find out which the dominant language among the two groups is and how they identify themselves. The authors’ hypothesis is that there will be a linguicism to the speakers of Romani in both countries, however this hypothesis was not confirmed. Most of the respondents in the study identify as Roma although some of them have Turkish as a mother tongue.

Перцепция на глаголни форми с окончание -ме вм. -м в 1 л., мн. ч., сег. вр. от съвременните българи

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

In the present study, I comment on the results of 3 surveys – 1 nationally representative and 2 non-representative. The main goal is to study the perception of forms for 1st person, plural, present and future tense, 1st and 2nd conjugations ending in -me instead of -m. Three perceptual styles are used: a list of 3-4 words, a simple sentence, a short text. The hypotheses are tested that muttering is more often not recognized as an error, that it leads to positive evaluations of the speaker’s personal and social characteristics, that the degree of recognizability of muttering depends on the perceptual style and socio-demographic characteristics of the speaker.

Трансформация на безлична предикативна конструкция в речта на жители на Ямболско

Author(s): Niya Radeva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The analysis focuses on a regional variant of an impersonal-predicative construction of the type strah me e (beshe) (I am/was afraid in English). The citizens from the region of Yambol use the variant stra(h)sheme. It is a contamination of the noun and the 3rd person singular form of the auxiliary verb sam (to be in English) most often in the imperfective aspect. The phenomenon occurs only in the literary model with a short form of a personal pronoun in the accusative case. The semantically corresponding personal verbs are always reflexive – strahuvam se (I’m afraid in English). The phenomenon was noticed by I. Kochev in the 1960s in Sliven and in three villages to the east and southeast of Yambol. It is defined as a hypostasis. I add examples from the speech of people born in two other villages to the south and southwest of the town of Yambol. They confirm the examples found so far and show diversity with respect to some grammatical categories. I draw some conclusions about the nature of the transformation, its territorial distribution and sustainability.