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Необходимост от изучаване на речевата патология

Author(s): Juliana Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article argues for the need to study speech pathology in adults in order to improve communication in the field of health care and to overcome crisis in the social and personal contacts of persons with speech disorders. A critical review of the state of research in our country in the field of neurolinguistics from the 1970s until now has been made. The emphasis is placed on the reception of world achievements in the diagnosis and therapy of aphasias, taking into account the specificity of the Bulgarian language.

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Върху един възможен път към солилога. От Станислав Стратиев до Китодар Тодоров

Author(s): Georgi Genchev,Rositsa Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The proposed article examines the use of the forms of dialogue, monologue, and soliloquy in literature. It does it on examples from Stanislav Stratiev's work, emphasizing texts from his latest book "Babylonian Chronicle." We consider it a culmination in the use of the soliloquy. We continue its examination in its modern updates, which we find in the texts published by Kitodar Todorov with the book "Friday Five Sharp".

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Roman Pollak i jego perspektywa nauki w II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Jaromir Jeszke / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

The article presents an analysis of the views on science held by Roman Pollak, a prominent literary historian of the interwar period. The source material consists of Pollak’s texts published in “Nauka Polska. Jej potrzeby, organizacja i rozwój” (Polish science. Its needs, organisation and develop-ment) issued by the Józef Mianowski Fund and his longer article Nauka na Powszechnej Wystawie Krajowej (Science at the Polish General Exhibi-tion) written around the inauguration of the Polish General Exhibition in Poznan in 1929. The article presents a portrait of a scholar who strongly emphasised the role of creative processes in science, was significantly in-fluenced by the centralising reforms of science in Italy in the interwar pe-riod and who projected a vision of the humanities focused on synthetic analyses serving as the core of studies in a given area.

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Roman Pollak jako badacz renesansu

Author(s): Katarzyna Meller / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

The article presents Roman Pollak’s research into the literature of the Re-naissance, focusing primarily on the studies of Łukasz Górnicki’s Dworza-nin (The courtier) and quoting Pollak’s own thoughts on his work voiced in his private correspondence.

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Roman Pollak – badacz Seicenta na drogach nauki polskiej i europejskiej

Author(s): Alina Nowicka-Jeżowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

The article presents Roman Pollak’s scientific goals and methods from the point of view of their relationship with Polish science involved in the pro-tection and promotion of the values considered to be national legacy and in the context of their dialogue with contemporary scientific trends. It also reconstructs the design of studies of past Polish literature and culture that the Poznan-based professor created and consistently followed – one based on philology, interdisciplinarity and comparative literature. This is the context for the presentation of Roman Pollak’s research into Polish 17th-century literature as it followed a path from discoveries in textolo-gy and editing to numerous attempts at synthesis. The synthetic outlines created in the pre-war period were inspired by contemporary European humanities, Italian in particular, and highlighted the aesthetic qualities of a literary work. After World War II, they became more sociological in nature and turned towards Polish literature. In place of categories like Sei-centism and the Baroque, they introduced terms such as “post-Renaissance literature” and passed judgement on Sarmatism as a period of degenera-tion and decline of culture.

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Roman Pollak i powstanie włoskich polonistyk

Author(s): Krystyna Jaworska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

The article highlights Roman Pollak’s contribution to the development of Polish studies in Italy. In 1923, the Polish Ministry of Education sent him, under an agreement with the Italian government, to hold the position of a professor of Polish language and literature at the Sapienza University of Rome and to serve as the Ministry’s delegate to Italy, which he did until 1939. In his lectures in Rome, Pollak emphasised the links between Polish and Italian literature in a comparative perspective and successfully attracted talented scholars to this subject, including Giovanni Maver, who succeed-ed him at the University of Rome in 1929, and Enrico Damiani who would give lectures on the Bulgarian and Polish languages in Naples. As the Minis-try’s delegate, Pollak held conferences in major Italian cities and promoted the foundation of the Attilio Begey Institute of Polish Culture at the Uni-versity of Turin, supporting Cristina and Clotilde Garosci in their transla-tions and Marina Bersano Begey, who became professor in 1935, in her re-search. If Italian studies of Polish are still considered to be among the best in Europe, it can undoubtedly be attributed to the work of Roman Pollak.

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Mickiewiczowski ideał wychowawczy Romana Pollaka

Author(s): Zofia Dambek-Giallelis,Łukasz Skrobała,Dagmara Niewiarowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

The article presents a previously unpublished lecture on Adam Mick-iewicz by professor Roman Pollak, Oidei wychowawczej Mickiewicza (On Mickiewicz’s pedagogic idea), which was created and given for the first time during the German occupation in Warsaw and then repeated in the early post-war years. The commentary locates this text in the context of Pollak’s biography and scientific interests; it also outlines the connection between the ideas presented in it and the philosophy and ethics in Mick-iewicz’s Wykłady oliteraturze słowiańskiej (Lectures on Slavic literature).

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Нови обзори њемачке медијевистике

Author(s): Ana Minić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 182/2024

Review of: Слободан Грубачић, Миодраг М. Вукчевић. Немачка средњовековна књижевност. Београд: Српска академија наука и уметности, 2023, 455 стр.

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Analiza rozkazu za pomocą metody scholastycznej

Author(s): Teresa Grabińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The validity of the scholastic method of problem analysis has been shown. The reproducing the Aquinas’s arguments concerning genesis and essence of the act of commanding will be presented.THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The Aquinas’s method of discussing different answers to what is today called a problem question was used when difficult problems arose of confronting the revealed truths of Christianity, which are the subject of faith (guided by will), with the conceptual apparatus of philosophy, which is the subject of reason (ratio). It is worth recalling the in-tertwining of will and reason in undertaking actions as shown by the example of act of commanding.THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Since a command is an order related to duty, and this – to the norm of conduct, a part of considerations is devoted to the personalistic concept of good (value) as the goal and principle of human action. Next the issue of commanding act from the Summa Theologicaand the last order of General Kleeberg will be analyzed.RESEARCH RESULTS: The Maritain’s classification of the norm delivers an original specification of command types. It helps to reconstruct the structure of arguments leading Aquinas to the thesis on the participation of will and reason in commanding act. The order of General Kleeberg serves to illustrate the ap-plication of the scholastic analysis of commanding. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS:The Aquinas’s art of argumentation masterfully used by him should be more widespread in analyses of issues in various fields. Its restoration becomes all the more important because of focussing the information war on linguistic mes-sages which, without the ability to analyze them, become an effective weapons.

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УКРАИНСКИТЕ И БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ПРЕВОДИ НА СВЕТОТО ПИСАНИЕ НА СЪВРЕМЕНЕН ЕЗИК ПРЕЗ ХІХ ВЕК

Author(s): Albena Stamenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article examines the spoken Bulgarian and Ukrainian translations of the Holy Scriptures in the 19th century. It is established that, compared to the Ukrainian ones, the Bulgarian language translations appeared much earlier, had a much better distribution and had a greater influence on the consolidation of the new literary language. The reason for this is the different political and cultural conditions in which these two peoples are developing. The bans on Ukrainian printed speech, which were in force in the Russian Empire, did not allow until the beginning of the 20th century to print a Ukrainian translation of the Holy Scriptures, as well as to distribute the translations made in Austria-Hungary. Therefore, in general, in the 19th century, translations of the Holy Scriptures did not influence the formation of the new Ukrainian literary language in the way that could be expected from such texts. In the Ottoman Empire, the work on translations of the Holy Scriptures into modern Bulgarian was led and financed by the British and Foreign Bible Society. This contributed to these translations being in closer contact with the emerging New Bulgarian literary language and to influencing its consolidation.

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MEDIA LITERACY AND DISINFORMATION. DEFINING NOTIONS

Author(s): Danail Danov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article sheds light on the various types of disinformation which over the years have proved to become a real obstacle to sound decision making due to the fact it is more and more difficult to tell real content from fake. Therefore, the article presents definitions and explains clearly terms such as information and disinformation, misinformation and mal-information. Along with that, it zooms into information content stressing upon the characteristics in its variety - misleading, imposed, manipulated, and fabricated. Lastly, it also tackles parody and satire. Concrete examples explaining the differences in the fake information types are given for a greater clarity and better understanding of the phenomenon under discussion. Much of the overall discourse of "fake news" carrying false and/or distorted information connects to three concepts: misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. By misinformation we mean false information that those who spread it believe to be true. By disinformation we will define false information that those spreading it, know it is false. While under malinformation we will understand dishonest information that is based on reality, but is used to harm a person, organization, institution, even a country.

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Развиване на интегрирани комуникативни умения по английски език посредством видеопроекти

Author(s): Hilda Terlemezyan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

One of the biggest challenges in the organization of the educational process in English is overcoming the limitations of time and space to develop communicative skills in the target language. This paper introduces vlogging as an instructional strategy and measures its effectiveness through the opinion of third and fourth-year students who participated first in a directed vlogging task and then in a focus interview. The interviewed students were a total of 60 from B1 – B2 level of English from the 3rd and 4th year of the NUPCHE undergraduate program at Plovdiv University “Paisi Hilendarski”. The assignment was accompanied by an analytical type of rubric that clearly marked the assessment criteria by levels of performance. The results of the interview revealed the advantages of vlogging as an additional opportunity to develop integrated communicative skills in a foreign language outside the classroom. Most of the participants perceived vlogging as a positive experience with benefits mainly in the direction of productive skills and developing creativity and confidence in the language being studied.

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Language Learning for Specific Purposes in Higher Education – Experiences and Trends

Author(s): Dimitar Vesselinov,Tsvetanka Dilkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

In today‘s “global village”, any kind of information spreads faster than ever before and reaches every corner of the world. Scientific information is no exception in this regard. Therefore, the need to learn a foreign language for specific purposes to serve as a means of scientific communication and production is more than obvious. The development of research in the field of science and technology illustrates the progress in the 21st century and the fundamental change in the language of this field. It is a major factor for drawing the attention of learners to specific terminology and for acquiring communication skills that are required by young professionals internationally.

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Усвояването на славянски език като чужд като условие за успешна интеграция на бежанците (за ситуацията на украинските медици в Чехия)

Author(s): Elena Krejčová,Tereza Bojanovska,Nadezhda Stalyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The aim of this paper is to present the problems of second language acquisition (Slavic by Slavs) in a specific socio-political context. The text deals with the situation of Ukrainian refugees, medics who need to master Czech in order to take a professional qualification exam, and are placed in a specific psycholinguistic situation - they need to quickly acquire both the basics of the second language from the elementary level of training, and specialized medical terminology, usually in a very limited timeframe. In this study, we point out some types of typical mistakes made by Ukrainian medics learning mainly specialized (medical) Czech. The results of such an analysis provide an opportunity to classify the errors, highlight the typical characteristics of Czech in the Slavic comparative context through the prism of language learning, and from a methodological point of view, which can indicate some of the most common places requiring additional and detailed attention in the learning process, especially for a specific group of students with specific goals within their studies.

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Дискурсът за етичното веганство като модел за изграждане на идентичност

Author(s): Silvia Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The text explores the ethical components of identity formation in the modern era through popular food practices. The focus of interest is veganism as a model of identity based on (the claim to) an ethical stance towards others and the world. The ways in which food today can act as a substitute for various causes are examined. In the context of contemporary culture, veganism can be interpreted between the poles of moral imperative, the concern for the health and longevity of one’s own body, and the hedonistic promise of enjoyment of food and of life itself. The methodological approach involves a review and critical reflection on the ethical component of identity construction through the prism of nutrition in contemporary culture, as well as an exploration of the manifestations of ethical veganism in specific contexts (e.g. in the debates surrounding the production and consumption of in vitro meat).

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Ancient Translations and Reviews of the Holy Scriptures in The Greek Language. Contribution to the History of Biblical Translations

Author(s): Ivana Peshic / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article offers a scholarly overview of the historical translations and reviews of the Bible from Greek sources. It lists the historical ancient manuscript translations that have become widely accepted canonical models, known as the “Biblical canon” in the translations of the Holy Scriptures. The tradition of these translations is with extremely wide boundaries in chronological and linguistic terms is of interest for understanding the origin and semantics of the modern Synodal translation of the Bible.

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Динамика на езиковите процеси, книжовни норми и явления в процес на преустройство или кризи на общуването в българското общество

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The article traces the dynamics of several linguistic processes related to: the use of diminutive forms in contemporary Bulgarian language as dynamics and as a challenge of mastering these forms in Bulgarian language as a native and as a foreign language; the development of the grammatical category of definitiveness of the names of institutions, placing the emphasis on the vacillations of the literary requirement by means of the article morpheme to clearly underscore that a single referent is what is meant and this singleness is grammaticaly unfolded by using article morphemes; the processes of derflexivization of verbs like "be afraid of", "be ashamed‘ of, "smile", among others.

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Проф. Иван Шишманов – между славянския и западния литературен канон

Author(s): Lyudmil Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The text traces and comments on an unknown side of Prof. Ivan Shishmanov’s work and scientific achievements – his lectures dedicated to the Slavs and the Slavic world, written in German and read during the academic year 1923/1924 at the invitation of the University of Freiburg in Germany. Attention is paid to the concept of the Slavs and their place among other peoples in Europe – closer and more distant, which the professor develops, to the role of Bulgaria and the codification of the Old Bulgarian language in the formation of the all-Slavic culture during the Middle Ages, as well as to the modeling of the native and the pan-Slavic literary canon in interaction with the Western European canon: what we accept from the West and what the West tends to accept from us. The study is also dedicated to the upcoming Bulgarian edition of Prof. Shishmanov’s German lectures, one hundred years after they were delivered.

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Reflections on Working for the Council of Europe

Author(s): Michael Byram / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is one of the best known publications from the Council of Europe throughout the world (Byram and Parmenter 2012). It is known to the many kinds of readership for which it was designed: language teachers, assessment specialists, policy makers, inspectors, teacher educators and others including, not least, language learners. The latter are perhaps not aware of the publication but they do know about different levels and can describe their competence as A1 or B2 etc.The evolution of the work of the Council of Europe to produce this and associated publications was chronicled by the person who led the teams over several decades, John Trim. I do not pretend to continue that account as I do not have the same overview and experience, but it is important to provide some further information and hope that at some point in the future, someone will write a full history and analysis of the Council of Europe work on language and language teaching1. This is therefore a personal view and will refer much to my own publications as a consequence; it does not claim to be a comprehensive account with full academic references.

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Developing Materials for Assessing Reading Literacy and Comprehension of Early Graders in Bulgaria and Italy

Author(s): Vito Pirelli,Svetla Koeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The paper presents the bilateral project Assessing reading literacy and comprehension of early graders in Bulgaria and Italy, its aims and expected results, as well as the principles underlying the creation of texts assessing reading literacy in Italian and Bulgarian. The ultimate goal of the project is to improve the literacy skills of primary school children through education. In order to contribute to the achievement of this goal, a thorough investigation focused on the assessment of reading literacy and comprehension among early school children in Bulgaria and Italy. The article focuses on the principles for preparing materials in Italian and Bulgarian for assessing reading literacy. The linguistic features used to predict reading ability are divided into four main groups: raw text, lexical, morpho-syntactic and syntactic features.

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