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Abordarea liniară și ciclică a comunicării interculturale la orele de limba și literatura română

Author(s): Ana Cozari / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Communication is a complex phenomenon inevitable to society. Lately, one has noticed a noticeable rise in the interest towards both the theme of communication, in general, as well as in that of intercultural communication, in particular, at the individual level as well as at the level of the group interactions. Intercultural communication comprises universal elements, as well as specific ones, operating at various levels, generating a variety of communicative behaviours and leading to certain types of communicational necessities, greatly impacting what speakers perceive and how they perceive. The subject 'Romanian Language and Literature' is a strong means and an appropriate educational medium for intercultural education to take place in, it develops the intercultural communication skills, it creates intercultural attitudes. Thus, intercultural communication is a process which can be successfully guided, developed, adjusted by teachers during Romanian Language and Literature classes.

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Семантические классы предикатов состояния (на материале русского языка)

Author(s): Galina Ivanovna Kustova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This chapter deals with the analysis of states from the perspective of the typology of predicate vocabulary. States (along with qualities) occupy the lowest rank in the semantic hierarchy of predicates; prototypical states, e.g. ( В комнате темно (The room is dark), Детям холодно(The children are cold) are one-place predicates: their only argument (semantic actant) is the subject (inanimate or animate) undergoing he state. However, many experiential state predicates have two arguments, an experiencer and a stimulus.The chapter is focused mainly on experiential states, i.e. human states, which are the result of a person’s ability to react to the impact of the outside world and to construct in formational images of non-linguistic situations. A hierarchy of experiential states and the semantic relations among them are presented as well.This chapter deals with the analysis of states from the perspective of the typology of predicate vocabulary. States (along with qualities) occupy the lowest rank in the semantic hierarchy of predicates; prototypical states, e.g. ( В комнате темно (The room is dark), Детям холодно (The children are cold) are one-place predicates: their only argument (semantic actant) is the subject (inanimate or animate) undergoing he state. However, many experiential state predicates have two arguments, an experiencer and a stimulus. The chapter is focused mainly on experiential states, i.e. human states, which are the result of a person’s ability to react to the impact of the otuside world and to construct informational images of non-linguistic situations. A hierarchy of experiential states and the semantic relations among them are presented as well.

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The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study. The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study.

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Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology)

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva,Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.

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Семантические типы инфинитивных конструкций русских предикативов

Author(s): Galina Ivanovna Kustova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In addition to the valency of the experiencer, e.g. (Мне холодно / страшно / стыдно (I’m cold / I’m afraid / I’m ashamed), in Russian a predicative may have a propositional valency P (stimulus-content). The propositional valency is expressed by a dependent clause, as in Приятно, что они до сих пор меня помнят (It’s nice that they still remember me) or a dependent infinitive (, e.g. Приятно засыпать под шум дождя (It’s nice to fall asleep to the sound of rain). The possibility for combining a predicative with an infinitive depends on the semantics of the predicative. Modal predicatives can subordinate the infinitive, e.g. Необходимо закончить работу в пятницу (It is necessary to finish the work on Friday), while perceptual predicatives do not: *Мне видно читать (I can see to read). Predicatives with physiological state semantics subordinate the infinitive, which represents the situation V (the channel for the stimulus’s influence), cf. Было сладко есть 280 ягоды (It was sweet to eat berries) or the situation R (the situation describing the stimulus affecting the implementation of R), cf. Темно читать (It is dark to read). Predicatives describing emotional states can subordinate the infinitive. This construction has three subtypes: (1) the infinitive P corresponds to the valency P of the predicative (stimulus-content): Грустно покидать родной дом (It’s sad to leave home); (2) the infinitive T (transfer) represents an intermediate situation between the experiencer and the stimulus: Страшно открывать дверь (I’m afraid to open the door); (3) the infinitive V is the link between the predicative and its valency P (the channel for the stimulus’s influence; V≠ P): Грустно думать, что мы больше никогда не увидимся ≈ Грустно, что мы больше никогда не увидимся (It’s sad to think that we will never see each other again ≈ It’s sad that we will never see each other again). Predicatives with the semantics of interpretation subordinate the infinitive P (with the semantic restriction that P must be an action (a controlled situation) for which a person is responsible): Неприлично подслушивать чужие разговоры (It’s indecent to eavesdrop on other people’s conversations) (the interpretative semantics is often represented by an adjective, cf. неэтичный (unethical), неприличный (indecent), неуместный (inappropriate), and by same-root adverbs; as same-root verbs do not exist, the corresponding predicatives are used). During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the number of interpretative predicatives found in this construction has been on the increase.

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Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке

Author(s): Anton Zimmerling / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

I discuss two sentence patterns expressing modal meanings in Modern Russian. Dative infinitive structures (DIS) have the taxonomic meaning of alethic (external) modality in sentences in the indicative mood. Root DIS clauses are productive, while embedded DIS clauses represent a relic type inherited from Old Russian: it only survives in sentences with identical clausal subjects. Syntactic idioms like негде спать, некого винить project an idiosyncratic finite sentence pattern with a negative existential head. The latter consists of a stressed negation не merged with an incorporated wh-word. Such elements, called neg-words, combine features of morphological units resembling dative predicatives with characteristics of reordered sentences derived by the raising of wh-words from embedded infinitival clauses to the matrix clause. Most sentences with predicative neg-words reconstruct affirmative counterparts, which are overtly bi-clausal. Russian sentences with predicative neg-words express the taxonomic meaning of existential quantification combined with the meaning of alethic impossibility. The modal subject does not impose restrictions on animacy in either sentence pattern. Both DIS sentences and syntactic idioms with neg-words are reordered bi-clausal structures, but the reordering vector is different: DIS sentences have a degraded upper clause, while the idioms with neg-words have a degraded embedded infinitival clause.

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A CASE STUDY ON IMPROVING FOREIGN STUDENTS’ WORD FORMATION SKILLS IN ROMANIAN

Author(s): Mihaela Badea,Cristina Iridon / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In teaching a foreign language, building and developing language skills represent the instructors’ main aim. But developing skills would not be possible without teaching pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. According to the communicative approach, among these language components, vocabulary is considered to be of great importance, without diminishing the role of grammar and pronunciation in a foreign language. It is well-known that vocabulary provides learners with the necessary knowledge meant to help them to deliver both written and spoken messages, without having too much grammar or pronunciation knowledge. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to identify possible ways of improving students’ vocabulary in Romanian, especially when it comes to word formation, a process that does not only involve learning words but also using them creatively

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ACADEMIC WRITING – THE TEXTBOOK GENRE. THE CASE OF ENGLISH AND ROMANIAN GRAMMAR BOOKS

Author(s): Olivia Rusu,Silviu Mihăilă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This research focuses on a contrastive critical and methodological approach applied to six well-known English and Romanian grammar books. The authors are interested to observe and interpret the strengths and limitations of the selected grammar books in order to identify educational strategies and stages to be taken when teaching grammar. A major attention was paid to the didactic contrastive scenario of teaching grammar. English grammars are descriptive, whereas Romanian grammars are rather prescriptive. Thus, this enquiry is an attempt to find a generalised and practical layout in the study of two different idiomatic approaches, with a focus on similarities and an aim on divergences. Methodologically speaking, this research targets to further developed and improve educational practices for teaching and learning English language rules and Romanian grammar. Given examples include an overview of verbal tenses and of general vocabulary, for A1-B1 CERCL levels, in both languages.

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HOW TO GAMIFY THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM TO SUPPORT ROMANIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING?

Author(s): Mahmoud Fawzi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As innovative and effective approaches, gamification and flipped classroom have been widely applied in foreign languages teaching and learning, but little studies were conducted about gamification applying in flipped classrooms to assist the learning of Romanian language. To fill this gap, it was necessary to search for effective ways to find innovative solutions. Implementation of gamification in flipped classrooms can increase students' motivation towards in-class activities and towards Romanian language learning. The purpose of this article is to provide a practical and theoretical framework for integrating gamification in flipped Romanian language courses and use mobile applications such as (Kahoot! and Quizizz) for in-class activities, which can help in supporting with Romanian language learning by concentrating on various perspectives to apply the flipped classroom, in-class activities, gamification, and mobile applications in the educational context.

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Les désignations romanes du prunellier

Author(s): Nicolae Saramandu,Manuela Nevaci / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Motivational maps concern the dynamic of language, revealing thus a less known or less studied aspect, the motivation of the linguistic sign. This is a permanent process since the speakers “remotivate” the linguistic sign when the rapport between this and the extralinguistic reality (the referent) becomes opaque, not transparent. Elaborated, up to the present moment, at a European and Romance level, motivational linguistic maps can also be realized at a national level. In our contribution, we present, for the first time, such a map regarding the Romanian language, realized on the basis of the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) and Atlas linguistique roman (ALiR). The contribution presents the words designating PRUNELLIER in the romance languages and dialects. At the same time, it results from our contribution the dynamic perspective on language, i.e. the motivational linguistic “strata” in etymology. Prunellier

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Автоматично извличане на езикови ресурси за откриване на конфликтни събития за български език

Author(s): Hristo Tanev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper we present an overview of event detection for conflict events, such as battles and other military operations, from news streams. We then evaluate a terminology extraction algorithm for learning Bulgarian lexica specific to military conflicts. The domain-specific dictionaries related to conflicts may often require thousands of entities, including professions, military ranks, weapons, vehicles, actions, organization names, relevant adjectives and other lexica. The evaluation shows very promising results, with the accuracy of the learning algorithm exceeding 80%, thus proving the feasibility of event detection for the Bulgarian language.

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Система на диатезите в български

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current study is based on the model of Igor Melchuk for a formal description of voice, which is transferred to cases in which the verb diatheses result in a propositional change. Such diatheses may be due to a change in the semantic relations of the arguments to the predicate or to a change (reduction) in the number of arguments. We establish the inventory of diatheses with propositional change. Complementary, the verb alternations described by Beth Levin (if they are valid for Bulgarian), as well as the language-specific alternations are checked whether they belong to any of the identified diatheses. The reflection of the alternations at the morphological and syntactic level are described. It is also shown in which cases the diatheses lead to a transformation from a dynamic to a stative eventuality type.

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Проблеми на употребата на ренаратива и перфекта за констатация в пресата и онлайн журналистиката

Author(s): Ruslana Margova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

everal issues related to the category of evidentiality in the Bulgarian language are raised in the article. On the one hand, the article deals with renarrative in journalistic headlines, regardless of whether journalists use it intentionally and whether the use of renarrative is a real renarrative or is the homonym past indefinite form - perfect for constatation, in indicative. As for the different uses of this grammatical homonymy, the question is whether a clear semantic distinction can be made between these two cases. On the other hand, when the renarrative is deliberately used by journalists, it serves as an alibi for the news author to distance himself from the unreliable, incorrect content of the information, but at the same time to share that information. As a consequence of this assumption for use of renarrative as an alibi, the renarrative can be seen as one of the linguistic markers of fake news.

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Особености на терминологичните речници, изработвани в Института за български език

Author(s): Maria Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents some characteristics of the terminological dictionaries, which are created in Section for terminology and terminography in Institute for Bulgarian language – Bulgarian academy of sciences. Attention is paid to: popularity of dictionaries; presence of encyclopaedical component in its micro- and macrostructure; explanation to a two degrees (stages): meaning of term (in its definition) and content of term (parts of which are given with additional descriptions after definition); systematicity in description of terms with its groups, in which are included classificational and partitive relations.

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Наблюдения върху безеквивалентната фразеология в българско-полска перспектива

Author(s): Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski,Diana Blagoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the issue of non-equivalent phraseological units in the pair of Bulgarian and Polish languages. The different views on the types and degrees of interlinguistic equivalence in phraseology are commented on. It is emphasized that in establishing the presence or absence of interlingual equivalence in phraseological units should be based on semantics. The research was conducted on a rich illustrative material, including idioms, stable comparisons and other types of set phrases.

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Причастные формы как депиктивы: болгарско-русские параллели

Author(s): Elena Yu. Ivanova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The present article explores constructions with depictives (in conventional terms, predicative attributes), which constitute one of the forms representing the secondary predication. Participles in the depictive function are the most appropriate morphological means of expression of the current state of the subject at the moment of performing a certain action. The article shows, on the basis of the parallel Bulgarian-Russian corpus, that while participles can function as depictives in the both languages, they differ in their depictive potential.

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Адюнкти към глаголи за емоционални състояния

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this paper is to discuss the realization of manner and quantity and degree adverbs as adjuncts to emotional predicates. The object of observation is the realization of sentences with Bulgarian verbs obicham (to love), obozhavam (to adore), mrazya (to hate) and nenavizhdam (to loathe). The use of adverbs modifying the intensity or degree of emotional state manifestation is commented. Observations are also made on the word order of intensifying adverbs in adjunct position, and on the possibility for verbal degree gradation.

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Дателно допълнение или предложна фраза при предикативите в руския и в българския език – конкуренция и специфики

Author(s): Alexander Letuchiy,Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper represents a comparative study of the cases in which in Bulgarian and Russian there is a competition between the dative and the prepositional complement with the preposition для/за 'for' in stative predicative constructions. The relation between the type of complement and the choice of complement clause is considered. Based on empirical data from both languages, general tendencies as well as language-specific features such as control rules in Russian or cases of raising an argument from the subordinate clause are outlined.

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Съпоставителен анализ на глаголите виждам – видя и видеть – увидеть и комплементите им в български и руски език

Author(s): Hristina Kukova,Maria Ovsjannikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents part of a contrastive study on stative predicates. The observations are focused on the verbs виждам – видя and видеть – увидеть and their clausal complements’ realisation in Bulgarian and Russian. The research aims at demonstrating the correlation of the conjunctions че, да, как and respectively что, чтобы, как in the two languages.

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Опит за класификация на предикативи за състояние

Author(s): Valentina Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article is aimed at classifying the state predicatives and describing the semantic classes, subtypes and characteristic features. The classification is made on the basis of analyzes of predicative constructions. The meanings and realization of the individual impersonal predicative constructions with a component ending in -о/- е with obligatory or optional use of clitics are observed, the different constructions are noted, also selective or contextual restrictions.

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