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Od krvelačného D(d)ivocha k P(p)ůvodnímu obyvateli

Od krvelačného D(d)ivocha k P(p)ůvodnímu obyvateli

Author(s): Mariana Machová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 70/2024

This paper discusses some aspects of past and present debates concerning the English terms used to collectively refer to members of Indigenous peoples in the United States, and relates them to the Czech controversy about the capitalization of the “i” in the Czech word “indián“ (Indian). The paper follows the history of referring to the Native population, arguing that the inability to find a term in the language of the dominant Anglophone culture that is not controversial reflects the deeply problematic relationship of that culture to the cultures it has colonized and whose identity it has damaged. In this context, it is interesting to ask whether the Czech dispute over the capital “I” in the word “Indián” is a purely orthographic matter, or whether it points to more complex, albeit unreflected, issues of colonization and cultural oppression.

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Относно реконструкцията на глагола „съществувам“ в прасемитския език

Относно реконструкцията на глагола „съществувам“ в прасемитския език

Author(s): Victor Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 45/2024

In his article “Proto-Semitic Existentials: *yθaw and *laθθaw” Benjamin Suchard proposes a reconstruction of the verb *yiytaw (“to exist”) in Proto-Semitic. According to Suchard, the original meaning of this verb was “to have” and he cites as its derivatives the verbs īšu “to have” and the negation laššu (“does not exist”) in Akkadian, the existential particles yēš (in Biblical Hebrew) and ’īt(ay) (“exists”) in Aramaic, as well as the negative verb laysa (“does not exist”, “not to be”) in Arabic. The similarities between the above-listed lexemes both formally but also semantically make Suchard’s idea attractive, yet an analysis of their usage raises serious questions. The current article proposes an alternative approach, which rejects Suchard’s postulated connections and reconstructs “to exist” in Proto-Semitic as *isu, a verb from which yəhī in Biblical Hebrew and yəhwē in Aramaic are derived, both having the meaning “to be”.

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Mental Translation as a Cognitive Process in Communicative Language Teaching and Learning

Mental Translation as a Cognitive Process in Communicative Language Teaching and Learning

Author(s): Adrian Toma / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2024

In EFL learning and teaching processes, mental translation might play an essential role in the mind of the foreign language learner. Some scholarly papers investigate the types of processing in the language learners’ mind such as language perception, language acquisition and dialogue production. Other studies, based on empirical psycholinguistic research about the process of mental translation, investigate mental translation strategies as well as the neuro-linguistic aspects of this process, including cognitive and brain imaging research. There is a consensus among researchers that using neurolinguistics knowledge, one can connect neurological processes in the language learners’ brain with the foreign language learning. This paper tries to contribute to existing studies in this field and highlight the importance of neuro-linguistic research in connection to the biological capacity of the human memory to make connections between language systems in the process of communicative language learning.

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DEVOJČICE, ČUDOVIŠTA

DEVOJČICE, ČUDOVIŠTA

Author(s): Zorana Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 547/2024

Review of: Keti Aker: Krv i suze u srednjoj školi, preveo s engleskog Flavio Rigonat, LOM, Beograd, 2024

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SINKOPE NA TRAKAMA OD SUNČEVE SVETLOSTI

SINKOPE NA TRAKAMA OD SUNČEVE SVETLOSTI

Author(s): Aleksandra Žeželj Kocić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 547/2024

Review of: Sesilije Enger: Minut ćutanja, prevela s norveškog Bojana Maksimović, Albatros plus, Beograd, 2024.

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Problémy v recepcii poézie v primárnom vzdelávaní

Problémy v recepcii poézie v primárnom vzdelávaní

Author(s): Lenka Szentesiová,Mária Sovíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

The present paper deals with the issue of how poetry is read by pupils in primary education. This proves to be challenging, especially in view of a number of reception obstacles, which point, in particular, to pupils’ underdeveloped imagery and inability to navigate through poetic devices. In the empirical part of the paper, research was conducted using focus groups, reading, and subsequent interpretation of poetry by Year 4 pupils. The data obtained from the research confirms the pupils’ limited receptive skills and also points tothe necessity of their continuous improvement.

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Čtenářské dílny na 2. stupni základních škol: strategie a výzvy

Čtenářské dílny na 2. stupni základních škol: strategie a výzvy

Author(s): Petra Fojtíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

The paper focuses on the development of reading skills and interest in reading among students in lower secondary schools through the implementation of reading workshops. The paper defines reading workshops, discusses challenges schools face when introducing them, provides an overview of strategies for lower secondary schools, emphasizes the importance of developing reading skills, and promotes cooperation between schools, parents,and municipal libraries in order to achieve positive outcomes in the field of reading and reading literacy.

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Mickiewicz lingwistyczny

Mickiewicz lingwistyczny

Author(s): Małgorzata Łoboz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

Olaf Krysowski’s book Mickiewicz i romantyczna filozofia języka [Mickiewicz and the Romantic Philosophy of Language] discusses various linguistic concepts that inspired Mickiewicz in his early works. The author uses creative linguis-tic ideas to interpret selected literary works of the poet, and also points out their Slavophilic determinants, proving that speech functions are the source of Romantic cognition and the mytholinguistic image of the Slavs.

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České exofonie? Pokus o vymezení výzkumného pole

České exofonie? Pokus o vymezení výzkumného pole

Author(s): Joanna Derdowska / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2024

This article explores the terminology of literary multilingualism employed by Czechliterary scholars and compares how the discourse produced with this terminologycorresponds with current developments in translingual studies in the broaderinternational context. The first part is a brief probe into the current developmentof multilingualism research abroad conducted in English, which provides anopportunity to broaden the theoretical base that in the Czech context interacts morewith the German scholarly community. The concept of post-monolingualism is takeninto account and the term exophony is also introduced, followed by reflections onwhether and to what extent it might be useful for Czech literary studies, if at all.

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ЗА ФРАЗЕОЛОШКИТЕ ИЗРАЗИ СО ИСТА СЕМАНТИЧКА ВРЕДНОСТ ВО МАКЕДОНСКИОТ И ВО АЛБАНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК

ЗА ФРАЗЕОЛОШКИТЕ ИЗРАЗИ СО ИСТА СЕМАНТИЧКА ВРЕДНОСТ ВО МАКЕДОНСКИОТ И ВО АЛБАНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК

Author(s): Hana Dardhishta,Marina Spasovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 22-23/2024

The historical coexistence and intermingling of the world’s peoples has contributed for the development of a large number of common linguistic features, even for languages that are genetically distant and typologically different. Thus, the lexical and phraseological parallels between the Macedonian and Albanian languages are the result of the cultural, historical and social relations and conditions in which these two languages have developed over the centuries. The subject of interest in our paper are the phraseological expressions that are the same or similar in construction (structure) and in their semantic value, in the Macedonian and in the Albanian language, and which, in fact, are an indicator of the early contact between the two languages. Our goal is to present the equivalent phraseological expressions, considering them from the perspective of the type of metaphor that realizes the figurative transformation of a simple phrase into a phraseological phrase, with its established, figurative meaning. We note that their number is large, so on this occasion we will focus only on phraseological expressions from certain semantic fields.

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ЗА НЕКОИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ЕРОВИТЕ ВО ЗОГРАФСКОТО ЕВАНГЕЛИЕ

ЗА НЕКОИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ЕРОВИТЕ ВО ЗОГРАФСКОТО ЕВАНГЕЛИЕ

Author(s): Irena GJORGJESKA,Sonja Novotni,Mihailo Marković / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 22-23/2024

Church Slavonic manuscripts of Macedonian origin created in medieval Macedonian churches and monasteries are of particular importance for the history of Macedonian literacy and for Slavic science in general. Slavic parchment manuscripts with their archaic nature, language peculiarities and diverse content represent a rich Macedonian manuscript heritage. The Zograph Gospel is an ancient Macedonian manuscript with an extremely significant cultural movable and immovable Macedonian heritage, as it is one of the oldest preserved monuments of culture that originates from the Xth or the beginning of the XIth century and is written in the verb script, the original script in which they created the holy brothers St. Cyril and St. Methodius. In our essay, we paid attention to some of the orthographic-phonological peculiarities in original excerpted examples with a contextual display of the verb/Cyrillic script, which represents the beginning of this type of study in Macedonian Slavic studies.

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МЕДИУМСКАТА КУЛТУРА КАКО ДЕЛ ОД ПРЕДМЕТОТ МАКЕДОНСКИ ЈАЗИК ВО ОСНОВНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

МЕДИУМСКАТА КУЛТУРА КАКО ДЕЛ ОД ПРЕДМЕТОТ МАКЕДОНСКИ ЈАЗИК ВО ОСНОВНОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Author(s): Marina Danilovska,Marina Spasovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 22-23/2024

With the development of information technology, the need for frequent use of the Internet, to search for information from various sources, for the use of social networks, etc. The media is a part of human’s everyday life, especially to young people, so their correct use is of particular importance. Therefore, in recent years, the need to give way to media culture has emerged as a space in teaching. For the needs of the work, we decided to review the curricula and textbooks for the Macedonian language subject from VI to IX grade, where we found that out of a total of 144 planned teaching hours annually, the area of media culture is represented by a fund of 10 hours in VII, VIII and IX grade and with a fund of 20 hours in grade VI. In these classes, the students deepen their knowledge about the media (printed and electronic), about the freedom of expression, but also for film, entertainment and educational shows, etc.

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AUTOKTONIA E SHQIPTARËVE SIPAS STUDIMEVE GJERMANE

AUTOKTONIA E SHQIPTARËVE SIPAS STUDIMEVE GJERMANE

Author(s): Melihate ZEQIRI / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 22-23/2024

Ne kemi veçuar kontributin që kanë dhënë studiuesit gjerman për autoktonin shqiptare dhe studimeve krahasimtare, që arritën t’i bëjnë. Kemi veçuar filozofin më të madh të kohës së tij G. V. Lajbnic, i mbiashtuquajturi “Aristoteli i kohëve moderne”. Kemi veçuar kritikun dhe filozofin gjerman të shekullit XVIII, Johan Gotfrid von Herder, i cili në veprën “Ide për filozofinë e historisë së njerëzimit” shpreh idenë për autoktoninë shqiptare. Kemi përmbledhur edhe historianin Johan Erih Tunman me prejardhje suedeze, por ka qenë pedagog i oratorisë dhe i filozofisë në Universitetin gjerman të Halles. Thunman është historiani i parë, i huaj që është marrë seriozisht me studimin e prejardhjes së shqiptarëve në veprën “Kërkime rreth historisë së popujve të Evropës Lindore” 1774. Mirëpo, mbetet nga studiuesit e kohës së sotme të thellojnë studimet gjuhësore për të zhvilluar etimologjinë shqipe.

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THE ANALYSIS OF COMPOUNDING PATTERNS AND THE SUBCLASSES OF COMPOUND WORDS IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN

THE ANALYSIS OF COMPOUNDING PATTERNS AND THE SUBCLASSES OF COMPOUND WORDS IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN

Author(s): Mirhat ALIU / Language(s): English Issue: 22-23/2024

Since my topic is contrastive – it is very important to emphasize that contrastive analysis is one of the methods which compares languages by paying attention to differences and similarities between languages being compared. This study it is focused to investigate the identities, differences and similarities of English compounding patterns and the subclasses of compound words corresponding in Albanian by manner of formation and meaning. In this case arises the question what are compound words? Compound words – are all the words that are formed by combining two or more topics in the process of creating new words. Their parts can be topics of nouns, adjectives, verbs or adverbs. In linguistic, a compound – it is known as a lexeme (exactly, as a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding is the word-formation which creates compound lexemes (and the other word-formation process is derivation). Compoundng, or saying better, word-compounding refers to the ability and the device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words

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FJALA SI NJËSI E LEKSIKUT SIPAS GJUHËTARIT HAJRI SHEHU

FJALA SI NJËSI E LEKSIKUT SIPAS GJUHËTARIT HAJRI SHEHU

Author(s): Orjeta Baja / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 22-23/2024

Ndriçimi i konceptit për fjalën ka zënë një vend të konsiderueshëm në mjaft diskutime e studime nga shumë gjuhëtarë shqiptarë, kryesisht leksikologë e leksikografë. Një nga këta studiues, që i ka kushtuar gjithë veprimtarinë e tij shkencore fjalës shqipe, duke hulumtuar për vlerat, funksionet, veçoritë që e dallojnë këtë njësi, si dhe për përzgjedhjen e pasqyrimin në fjalorët shpjegues njëgjuhësh, në fjalorët dygjuhësh apo në fjalorët krahinorë, e sidomos për rolin e saj brenda sistemit leksikor e leksikografik, është profesor Hajri Shehu, një nga leksikografët tanë profesionistë më të spikatur. Objekt i këtij artikulli janë punime shkencore të gjuhëtarit H. Shehu mbi sistemin leksikor të shqipes kryesisht në revistën “Gjuha shqipe” (organ i Institutit Albanologjik të Prishtinës), si dhe përmbledhja e tij studimore me titull “Studime për leksikun dhe për leksikografinë e sotme shqipe” I (2015), me një tematikë të gjerë, referuar leksikologjisë e leksikografisë (sidomos leksikut popullor me vlerë potenciale për gjuhën e sotme shqipe), fjalëformimit në gjuhën shqipe e kulturës së gjuhës, që dëshmojnë qartë kompetencën e lartë shkencore të autorit. Ç’është fjala në konceptin leksikografik është çështja kryesore e punimit tonë, referuar këndvështrimit të leksikografit Shehu përmes veprimtarisë së tij gjuhësore – veprimtari që e vlerësojmë si një pasuri të çmuar kombëtare.

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GERMAN AND ALBANIAN PROVERBS IN THE INTERCULTURAL CONTEXT

GERMAN AND ALBANIAN PROVERBS IN THE INTERCULTURAL CONTEXT

Author(s): Shadan Ramadani / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 22-23/2024

Proverbs have an important role in the acquirement of German as a foreign language. The easiest way to present a cross-cultural comparison of proverbs is the onomasiological approach. In this study, I will attempt to show the names of animals as an element of indication of the similarities and differences between the German language and Albanian (Pferd/(kalë), Hund/(qen), Bär/(ari), etc.). The examples presented will clarify that in both languages there are characteristics and physical attributes of animals as well as their use by people that serve as a motive in the creation of proverbs.Therefore, we often encounter similarities and differences. Moreover, we will start from the German proverbs that reveal even more the comparison between the German and Albanian languages, since identity and idiomatic transformation represent the arbitrary process of naming as well as their cultural similarities and differences. What is particularly interesting for a cross-cultural comparison are the idiomatically transformed Albanian equivalents of proverbs in the German language. In Albanian, when some idiomatic transformations of animal names are replaced, the other components vary.

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"СЕКС-АПЕЛ" У МЕЂУРАТНОМ БЕОГРАДУ: РОДНО ЧИТАЊЕ "ТЕРАЗИЈА" БОШКА ТОКИНА

"СЕКС-АПЕЛ" У МЕЂУРАТНОМ БЕОГРАДУ: РОДНО ЧИТАЊЕ "ТЕРАЗИЈА" БОШКА ТОКИНА

Author(s): Miloš D. Mihailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 83/2024

This paper aims to study gender identities in the novel Terazije by Boško Tokin, which is considered by some literary critics to be the first modern novel of the Serbian literature. In his story of interwar Belgrade, Tokin depicts a world in which traditional morality and customs have been replaced by the amorality of the new age, in which each individual is left to themselves and their conscience, and there are no social penalties for great sinners. At the beginning of the work, we gave an overview of the reception of this novel, starting from the first reviews in the contemporary press, through lack of interest for the most of the twentieth century, to the renewed interest in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In the part of the work dedicated to the analysis of the novel, we first reflected on the formation of the character of the modern woman, shown through the marriage of Đorđe and Olga, but also her subsequent moral downfall. After that, we analyzed Đorđe’s relationship with the maid Zuza and interpreted the space of Palilula as an expressionist locus amoenis in which a man gains freedom from a woman. Olivera Jovićević, wife of MP Sima, as the character of a sexually frustrated woman, offered another look at a woman of the new age, who will still experience her most complete incarnation in Zora Bogosavljević, whose relationship with the bon vivant Strahinja represents an apology of free love. This, however, stands in sharp contrast to Zora’s tragic ending, which shows a split in Tokin’s approach to this character. The final part of the work is dedicated to cross-dresser Rista/Rikica, one of the earliest characters of homosexuals in the Serbian literature. These characters depict Toxin’s complex and often contradictory attitude towards issues of gender, sexuality, and morality and attract the modern reader with their modernity.

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ЉУБАВ И СМРТ У САВРЕМЕНОЈ ТУРСКОЈ ПОЕЗИЈИ

ЉУБАВ И СМРТ У САВРЕМЕНОЈ ТУРСКОЈ ПОЕЗИЈИ

Author(s): Marija N. Mitić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 83/2024

Review of: Кsenija Aykut, Aşk Şiirleri Antolojisi / Antologija ljubavne poezije,Kırklareli, RumeliYA, 2023, 214 стр.

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THE USE OF METADISCOURSE MARKERS IN ACHIEVING PERSUASION IN SHORT ADVERTISEMENTS WRITTEN BY ESP STUDENTS

THE USE OF METADISCOURSE MARKERS IN ACHIEVING PERSUASION IN SHORT ADVERTISEMENTS WRITTEN BY ESP STUDENTS

Author(s): Tijana Vesić Pavlović,Danijela Đorđević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The paper focuses on the metadiscourse markers used with the aim of persuasion in ESP student writing. The corpus consisted of 66 short advertisements (8,611 tokens) written by the first-year students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade as part of their ESP course. Based on Hyland’s model of metadiscourse, we analyse the frequency of use and different types of metadiscourse markers in students’ advertisements. The aim is to explore whether ESP students use MD markers to persuade the audience to try out a new welding technique. The most frequently used markers overall were engagement markers, followed by attitude markers, whereas the least frequent were frame markers and code glosses. Interactional metadiscourse categories are used much more than the interactive ones, both in the body of the advertisement and the slogans. Based on the obtained findings on the use of MD markers in student-written advertisements, it can be concluded that some students successfully kept up with the trends found in similar research of advertisements written by experienced copywriters.

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TEACHING HERITAGE LANGUAGE – WHY SO DIFFERENT? ISSUES IN TEACHING SERBIAN AS A HERITAGE LANGUAGE

TEACHING HERITAGE LANGUAGE – WHY SO DIFFERENT? ISSUES IN TEACHING SERBIAN AS A HERITAGE LANGUAGE

Author(s): Kristina Petrović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Although scholarly interest in heritage language preservation dates back to the mid-1960s and early 1970s (Kagan, Dillon, 2008, 145), the last few decades offered significant results in terms of teaching and testing. This paper highlights some issues in teaching Serbian as a heritage language, contrasting it to teaching Serbian as a foreign language. Practitioners face many challenges teaching students who study their home language: from approaching these students to meeting their needs, which go beyond just speaking the language and include identity matters, psychological, social, and intercultural burden (Kagan 2012, 72) of being bilingual and bicultural. These issues, with the right approach in language schools and at home, can become a real prerogative in a multicultural world. It is, therefore, essential for teachers and scholars, to collaborate and, with adequate state support and language policy, make “community-based curriculum” (Carreira, Kagan 2017), which considers students' cognitive, affective, and behavioral needs and would help them to “cope with two cultural worlds that they simultaneously inherit” (Kagan 2012, 80). This paper presents methods used at the School of Serbian Language, culture, and Tradition “SAVA”, which has been working with more than 500 families in 70 countries teaching Serbian as a heritage language.

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