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CARMEN SYLVA : OBSERVATIONS SUR UNE SÉLECTION DE SON ŒUVRE EN LANGUE ROUMAINE (PROSE ET POÉSIE)

Author(s): Estelle Variot / Language(s): French Issue: XVI/2024

The linguistic and translation approaches to fragments of the work of an author such as Carmen Sylva illustrate her influence in a specific spatio-temporal context as well as the place that her creation occupies in a particular field of specialty literature. This dimension gives the opportunity to point out certain aspects of Carmen Sylva's personality which are likely to have an impact on the language used in the fragments submitted for analysis. In a world where the diversity of languages asserts itself as an integral part of intangible heritage within the meaning of UNESCO, the plurilingualism of speakers in a given community is also indicative of multiculturalism, but also of the maintenance of the funds specific to each of it to which its members are likely to connect in order to express their deepest feelings. Furthermore, knowledge of the context is necessary for the full understanding of the author's message, whether in prose or verse; and its transposition into another language which maintains its harmony and integrity.

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Digital Edition of Pop Punuov Sbornik: Project Notes

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Digital Edition of Pop Punuov Sbornik: Project Notes

Author(s): Ivan Šimko / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2024

The described resource is an online tool, designed for studying texts and diachronic variation of language. The core of its corpus is represented by the Pop Punčov Sbornik, a West Bulgarian manuscript from 1796, released together with smaller examples of 14th–19th century Balkan Slavic varieties. Aside from the data, providing a unique view of historical dialects, it also provides a userfriendly interface and modular structure, thus allowing both easy additions of new content and features, as well as training of students and lay people interested in historical literature. The resource also contains extensive documentation concerning both grammar and philological data about the sources.

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Cтатистическая значимость компонентов лексических синонимических рядов в древнеболгарских письменных памятниках: поиск метода

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Cтатистическая значимость компонентов лексических синонимических рядов в древнеболгарских письменных памятниках: поиск метода

Author(s): Victor A. Baranov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 24/2024

The results of statistical experiments to find the characteristics of words that are traditionally considered as the Ohrid-Moravian and Preslav components of synonymous series – иерѣи ‘priest’ – жьрьць ‘priest, cleric’ – свѧщеньникъ ‘priest, clergyman’, колѣ- но ‘knee’, ‘kindred’ – племѧ ‘tribe, genus’, коньчина ‘demise, end’ – коньць ‘end’, кънигы ‘books’ – писаниѥ ‘scripture’, любодѣица ‘adulteress, fornicator’ – блѫдьница ‘harlot’ are presented. The use of information about the relative number of words in a subcorpus, about significant deviations from the average values, and the calculation of statistical characteristics of lexemes in each of the subcorpora made it possible, in particular, to detect opposed and non-opposed components of synonymous series. The methods used to identify the statistical characteristics of words have shown that the degree of opposition of synonyms can be different – statistically significant or statistically insignificant. On this basis, it is concluded that it is necessary to move away from the unconditional attribution of the components of the synonymic series to the Ohrid-Moravian and Preslav vocabulary: the relations between the components of each synonymic series are individual and can range from statistically opposed in the texts of different schools to non-opposed, in which differences in the number of uses may be within statistical error.

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“Alphabet Wars” in the Balkans

Author(s): Roland Marti / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2024

The Balkans, where the Greek and Latin written traditions co-existed in the framework of the Roman empire, became a “battle field” of scripts after the disintegration of the empire and the great changes that occurred in the Early Middle Ages. In this development the successful introduction of a “Slavonic script” (Glagolitic and shortly thereafter Cyrillic) played an important role. The changes in the use and the territorial distribution of these and other scripts (Latin, marginally also Arabic and Greek) for Slavonic languages are presented in the context of the political, religious, and cultural development of the region.

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Emphase in altkirchenslavischen Konstruktionen mit l-Partizip

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Emphase in altkirchenslavischen Konstruktionen mit l-Partizip

Author(s): Thomas Daiber / Language(s): German Issue: 24/2024

The paper analyses the different ways, lexical information can be positioned relative to the two parts of the Old Church Slavonic periphrastic perfect tense, formed by auxiliary быти + l-participle. We find that positioning of information before or behind the construction is most open to rhetoric-stylistic shaping of the utterances in a given context. Positioning of information within the periphrastic construction leads to focus steering; insertion of information of different kind into the periphrastic construction can be interpreted not so much as focus steering towards rhematic, but towards emphasized information. Complex forms of information positioning are a sign of written conceptuality.

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One Peculiar ‘Topos’ in the Historical-Apocalyptic Literature

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One Peculiar ‘Topos’ in the Historical-Apocalyptic Literature

Author(s): Ivan I. Iliev / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2024

The creation of a text in the Middle Ages was a process of superimposition of persistent patterns and ‘topos’ formulas that had acquired universal meaning. It is very difficult to point out a historical-apocalyptic text that consistently conveys the Greek original, without exception all translated works have the intervention of the Slavic scribe who amends, adds or abridges the text. This is a natural process, especially for this type of literature, which has no liturgical purpose, it is outside of following the canon and the liturgical statute. The main reason for the compilation nature of historicalapocalyptic literature is the desire to express and highlight the current local (in most cases – Bulgarian) point of view on the events that took place, to adapt the images of historical figures to the current reality.

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Когда начинается Родина? О восточнославянском концепте родина в историческом аспекте

Author(s): Anna Kretschmer / Language(s): Russian Issue: 36/2024

Ojczyzna należy do konceptów o dużej zmienności i w związku z tym trudniejszych do badania. Ponadto powstał on na ogół dość późno i stanowi zjawisko z okresu głównie narodowego. Jego perspektywa historyczna została dotychczas stosunkowo słabo zbadana. Głównym tematem artykułu jest analiza porównawcza konceptu ojczyzny w późnym okresie przednarodowym na dwóch obszarach wschodniosłowiańskich, różnych pod względem globalnych kontekstów życia i paradygmatów kulturowych – to Ruś Moskiewska i Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie (jego ludność białoruska) w XVII–XVIII ww. Autorka dotyka także metodologicznych aspektów badania zarówno tego konceptu, jak i diachronicznej perspektywy badania konceptów w ogóle. Szczególną uwagę zwraca także na specyfikę światopoglądu i konceptualizacji rzeczywistości na Rusi Moskiewskiej, która różni się nie tylko od zachodnioeuropejskiego, ale także od słowiańskiego i od innych obszarów prawosławnych Słowian. W tekście poruszane są również kwestie adekwatnego korpusu tekstowego jako niezbędnej podstawy empirycznej badań.

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Pojęcie ojczyzny w twórczości białoruskich emigrantów i osób represjonowanych

Author(s): Alena Rudenka / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

W artykule dokonano analizy kontekstów z rzeczownikami, które w języku białoruskim określają koncept ojczyzny – radzìma, ajčyna, bac'kaǔščyna. Główne znaczenia tych słów to 'miejsce urodzenia, mała ojczyzna’ i 'kraj ojczysty, ojczyzna’. Brane są pod uwagę teksty białoruskich emigrantów i osób represjonowanych w różnych okresach XX – XXI wieku. Koncept ojczyzny w tych tekstach rozwijał się i zmieniał na przestrzeni ostatnich stu lat. W pierwszej połowie XX w. dominowało bac'kaǔščyna, na przełomie XX i XXI w. – synonim radzima, a najczęściej używano imienia własnego Belarus. Najrzadziej był i jest używany rzeczownik ajčyna, należący do stylu wysokiego. Ajčyna i bac'kaǔščyna w literaturze emigracyjnej znaczyły 'kraj ojczysty’, jedynie leksem radzima mógł oznaczać 'małą ojczyznę, miejsce urodzenia’. Autorka artykułu zwraca uwagę na znaczenie historii kraju i nauk historycznych dla kształtowania się konceptu ojczyzny.

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‘Ojczyzna’ w powojennej korespondencji wojennej białoruskiej emigracji

Author(s): Katarzyna Waszczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2024

Artykuł poświęcony jest obecności wątku ojczyzny w korespondencji prowadzonej przez białoruskich emigrantów, chcących osiedlić się po II wojnie światowej we Francji. Odbiorcą korespondencji był Liavon Rydleuski, białoruski działacz emigracyjny. Listy przechowywane są w archiwum Biblioteki i Muzeum im. Franciszka Skaryny w Londynie. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą przez autorkę była jakościowa analiza treści. Pozwoliła ona na sformułowanie wniosku, że wątek ojczyzny pojawiał się w badanych listach w sposób nieoczywisty (niebezpośredni).

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Pojemnik jako kulturowy wyznacznik obrazu wody u Hausańczyków

Author(s): Izabela Barbara Will / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2024

Artykuł dotyczy kategoryzacji wody w kulturze hausańskiej dokonanej przez pryzmat trzech pojemników: butelki, woreczka i naczynia zwanego buta. Zasadnicza część artykułu poświęcona została analizie kolokacji, porównań i utartych zwrotów wskazujących na powiązania trzech typów wody z pewnymi wydarzeniami, czynnościami i dziedzinami życia społecznego, takimi jak praktyki religijne, uroczystości, higiena, spożywanie posiłków lub wizyty gości. W podsumowaniu ukazano, że każdy typ wody ma ściśle ustaloną funkcję i wiąże się z kulturowo osadzonym wartościowaniem.

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Język – kultura – zmysły – poznanie: Ilona Witkowska, Wyrazić nienazwane: językowo-kulturowy obraz zapachu we współczesnej polszczyźnie, Kraków: Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych „Universitas” 2021, 268 s.

Author(s): Elwira Bolek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2024

Recenzja książki: Ilona Witkowska, Wyrazić nienazwane: językowokulturowy obraz zapachu we współczesnej polszczyźnie, Kraków: Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych „Universitas” 2021, 268 s.

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O składni współczesnego polskiego reportażu książkowego: Katarzyna Ostrowska, Reportaż książkowy w świetle językoznawstwa statystycznego. Składnia – styl – gatunek, Kielce: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 2023, 235 s.

Author(s): Sara Akram / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2024

Recenzja ksiązki: Katarzyna Ostrowska, Reportaż książkowy w świetle językoznawstwa statystycznego. Składnia – styl – gatunek, Kielce: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 2023, 235 s.

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Що е познавателна несправедливост и с какво може да бъде лекувана?

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Що е познавателна несправедливост и с какво може да бъде лекувана?

Author(s): Stiliyan Yotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 60/2024

Alexander Kiossev’s essay “Imagination and Justice”, delivered on 26/11/2020 within the framework of the “Forum for Justice” initiative in memory of Christian Takov, provoked me with his theses about the “good of understanding” and about “literary justice”, which could correct the deficits in the distribution of this benefit. In principle, I share his view that our capacity for imagination contains potential and can contribute to the diagnosis of implicit injustice, that is to say to open up new dimensions for some kind of dealing with it, especially after injustice has come to light. Here, initially, I will offer an addition about understanding as a good and misunderstanding as a form of injustice, which are not in the field of literature. Then, I will present my own commentary on the “literary quotations” interpreted by Kiossev, and what other forms of injustice are contained in them that literary justice might also have in mind.

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Editorial

Author(s): Najate Nerci / Language(s): English,French Issue: Si/2024

Ce numéro spécial de Synergy, regroupant les communications présentées lors de la conférence « Genre, pouvoir, discours » (Casablanca, Maroc, mars 2024), vise à mettre en lumière non seulement les structures qui produisent la hiérarchie des genres mais aussi les modes de l’action des individus, leurs discours et contre-discours circulant en Europe et en Afrique. Il mettra en lumière les négociations incessantes visant à remettre en question les schémas de pensée préexistants et à abolir la discrimination./This special issue of Synergy (in French), gathering papers presented at the conference "Genre, pouvoir, discours" (Casablanca, Maroc, March 2024) aims to shed light not only on the structures that produce gender hierarchy but also on the modes of action of individuals, their discourses and counter-discourses circulating in Europe and Africa. It will highlight the incessant negotiations to question pre-existing thought patterns and abolish discrimination.

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DE LA DIFFÉRENCE À LA RESSEMBLANCE DES SEXES

Author(s): Thierry Hoquet / Language(s): French Issue: Si/2024

The phrase “sex difference” has raised many questions. The psychoanalyst Sabine Prokhoris (2002) amalgamated all the words to form a single syntagm speaking of “the difference between the sexes”. The anthropologist Françoise Héritier (1996) sees, for her part, the “sex difference” concept as the “ultimate barrier of thought”. Others have denounced in this formula a political concept which would instead be replaced by that of “sex resemblance” or “resemblance of the sexes”. Monique Wittig, for her part, observed in The Straight mind (2007) that the very term “difference” did not go without raising formidable questions: “The concept of ‘difference of the sexes’ […] ontologically constitutes women as different others. Men are not different. (Neither are the whites, nor the masters, but the Blacks are and the slaves too.). » We will endeavor, in this paper, to identify what is problematic in the “difference of the sexes”: its insistence on difference rather than resemblance; the division of the species into two parts whose relationship must still be clarified (opposition? complementarity?); the vagueness attached to the very concept of “difference”.

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PAR-DELÀ LE FÉMININ NIÉ. POUR L’ÉTABLISSEMENT D’UN NOUVEL ORDRE SYMBOLIQUE DE LA DIFFÉRENCE

Author(s): Renato Boccali / Language(s): French Issue: Si/2024

Following Adriana Cavarero’s reflections on the classical Greek world, we propose to emphasize the role of the feminine in disrupting the masculine order, particularly through the counter-narratives offered by the voices of women who respond to the imposition of silence and passivity by expressing themselves. The hermeneutic strategy of the « pillage » of the classical and the unveiling of the original matrophobia will allow us to rethink the symbolic order of difference, starting from nativity as the fulcrum for thinking through a new relational ontology.

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«EN TANT QUE MAMAN» OU «EN TANT QUE CITOYEN»: LA DÉNOTATION DES COMMUNAUTÉS D’APPARTENANCE DANS DES TÉMOIGNAGES POST-ATTENTATS AU PRISME DU GENRE

Author(s): Marie Chagnoux / Language(s): French Issue: Si/2024

We are aiming to explore how men and women are part of distinct belonging communities by systemically analyzing the conjunctive locution en tant que from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives of a corpus of post-attacks witness reports. If certain references are equally shared, more specifically the regilious, geographic and professional belonging, other belongings differ, depending on the interlocutor’s gender. The witnessing exercise offers the possibility for people to construe their own place in the event by assigning them intentional affective representations, a site for elaborating overlapping identities whose exploration is fruitful. We will also show how the gendered characteristic of the attacks narration illustrates how crisis situations reinforce representations of traditional gender roles.

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LES FEMMES MAROCAINES EN SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGIES ET EMPLOI D’APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS D’UNE RECHERCHE COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONALE

Author(s): Rachida Nafaa / Language(s): French Issue: Si/2024

In Morocco, Hassan II University of Casablanca participated, with other Mediterranean establishments, to the SHEMERA project (2011-2014) with the aim of examining gender inequalities in science. Drawing on the Frascati Manual, the comparative study aims to strengthen the gender approach. The results obtained show that if women are well represented in the field of studies and administrative functions, they are underrepresented in management positions. At the academic level, they are more represented in medical sciences than in social and natural sciences. Hassan II University also participated in the TARGET project (2020-2023) with a view to institutionalizing the gender approach in its various instances.

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LES MASCULINITÉS HÉGÉMONIQUES DANS LA LITTÉRATURE MAROCAINE FRANCOPHONE, LES DÉCRIRE POUR MIEUX LES DÉCONSTRUIRE

Author(s): Ahmed Aziz HOUDZI / Language(s): French Issue: Si/2024

This article looks at hegemonic masculinities and the attempt to deconstruct them, or at least to critically examine their constitutive foundations in French-speaking Moroccan literature. This deconstruction, visible in the lives of certain characters, engages a new relationship with gender and its perception in a society governed by norms that value patriarchy and consolidate heteronormativity as the sole matrix of intelligibility of bodies and their hierarchization in the social field.

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HYBRIDATION ET MÉTAMORPHOSE DU CORPS FÉMININ DANS AU BONHEUR DES LIMBES DE MOHAMED LEFTAH

Author(s): Elkhamissi KACHOUCHI / Language(s): French Issue: Si/2024

‘’If you want to write a novel, talk about women in your novel’’, said Mohamed Leftah in Au bonheur des limbes. Most of the female characters in this fiction are from the world of the night. The body transcends the classic boundaries of gender, described in its many changes. Our discussion will focus on its hybridization and multiple metamorphoses. We will begin by examining how hybridization undermines the usual biological classifications. We will then analyze the various transformations of the female body to finally show that the two aspects also relate to the scripturally and the art of writing.

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