„A lélek: ház, s az utak a lélekerők.”

Eckhart mester misztikus nyelve

Author(s): Ferenc Bányai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

This study focuses on metaphors in the mysticism of Meister Eckhart (1260-1328). The role of the building – related metaphors was proved on his Latin works, vernacular treatises and sermons using the method of the conceptual theory of metaphor. In the research the connections in relation to these metaphors were established and from elements of the target domain the system was constructed and thus the hidden structure of Eckhart’s thought analyzed. Findings of this study demonstrate metaphors’ work in the understanding and in the translation, furthermore enable modern readers to enter into a discussion with mysticism through the Eckhartian language.

„A może by tak do opery?” Przykład tematycznych zajęć z języka francuskiego z wykorzystaniem technik audiowizualnych

Author(s): Kazimierz Łukowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2011

To, czy przeprowadzone przez nas zajęcia będą należeć do udanych, zależy, jak wiemy, od różnych czynników, także takich, na jakie nie mamy wpływu. Lekcja przygotowana na podstawie tych samych materiałów może wypaść różnie w dwóch grupach o tym samym poziomie zaawansowania. Do istotnych czynników zewnętrznych, które oddziałują na efektywność pracy grupy, można by zaliczyć m. in. porę zajęć oraz wpływ pogody. Z doświadczenia wiem, że stosunkowo trudno jest prowadzić zajęcia w długie, deszczowe, listopadowe wieczory. Późna pora (z reguły kończę zajęcia o 20.00) oraz często niekorzystne w listopadzie warunki biometeorologiczne wyraźnie przyczyniają się do obniżenia sprawności intelektualno-percepcyjnych słuchaczy (we Francji wyróżnia się nawet jednostkę chorobową o nazwie novembrisme – ponoć ten „listopadowy splin” trwa aż do samego kwietnia).W jaki sposób możemy zmniejszyć wpływ niekorzystnych warunków zewnętrznych i zmobilizować słuchaczy do aktywnego udziału w lekcji? Być może odpowiedzią będą zajęcia przeprowadzone w sposób mniej onwencjonalny, z wykorzystaniem technik audiowizualnych.

„A może to ciągle trwa?”

Author(s): Karolina Koprowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 741/2017

„A my nie chcemy uciekać stąd…” – twórczość Jacka Kaczmarskiego wobec stanu wojennego w Polsce

Author(s): Jarosław Ciszek,Tomasz Okraska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XIII/2015

The article is devoted to the life and work of Jacek Kaczmarski during martial law in Poland (1981-1983). First, attention is paid to the life of poet who was in France when decision to impose martial law in Poland was taken. Exile deprived him very important to the bards direct contact with the national audience. Then, the authors undertake the analysis of selected works which Kaczmarski wrote in the period of martial law or otherwise related to it. The main aim of the research is to consider the problem of the role of creator of culture in creating the memory of important historical events.

„A reális élet által szuggerált anyag”: Mészöly Miklós hagyatéka a Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeumban

Author(s): Diána Márjánovics / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2019

The paper discusses the legacy of the renowned Hungarian writer, Miklós Mészöly, in the literary and political context of the ’50s and ’60s of the last century. The research is based on genetic criticism − on the exploration of autograph diary notes, written drafts, various original manuscripts − and focuses on previous versions of Mészöly’s final texts. The study deals with a specific part of Mészöly’s wide-ranging oeuvre. The paper focuses on the early prose works Az atleta halala (Death of an Athlete, 1966), Saulus (Saul, 1968), and Pontos tortenetek, utkozben (Exact Stories on the Road, 1970) that have had a poetically and theoretically stimulating effect on the Hungarian contemporary authors and scholars. The paper includes several important and formerly unknown documents from the Mészöly heritage collection, kept in the Petőfi Literary Museum, which revise the interpretations of Mészöly’s above-mentioned works.

„A SŁOWO STAŁO SIĘ CIAŁEM. CZYLI PODSTAWOWA JEDNOSTKA JĘZYKA W UJĘCIU POTOCZNYM

Author(s): Jolanta Maćkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/1996

There exist several idealized cognitive models connected with the notion of WORD: the communication model, the model(s) of speaking, the model(s) of performing actions by means of words, the model(s) of verbal creation. A detailed analysis of the first two models indicates that, the notion of WORD is conceptualised as a RECEPTACLE (czerpać informacje z tekstu, “to extract information from a text”; przelewać myśli w słowa, lit. “to pour one’s thoughts into words”, “to dress one’s thoughts in words”), an ARTICLE of CLOTHING for thoughts (dawać myślom jakąś szatę słowną, lit. “to give one’s thoughts a verbal dress”, “to dress one’s thoughts in words”) or a BODY for thoughts (wcielać myśli w słowa, lit. “to give one’s thoughts the bodily shape of words”). It is, then, conceptualized as a CONTAINER of various kinds. WORD is also conceptualized as an OBJECT (ktoś rzuca słowo, lit. “someone throws a word”, “says a single word”; ktoś przebiera w słowach, lit. “someone winnows words”, “someone selects the proper words from among many of them”), a LIQUID (słowa płyną z ust, “words flow from the mouth”, słowa stygną na wargach, lit. “words cool/freeze on someone’s lips”, “words remain unspoken”). In all of these metaphors, WORD is treated as something which exists in or moves through space (the external space or the internal space of the human body), something experienced by means of sight or sometimes touch. In this sense, a WORD is a body, an inanimate or a living one, solid or liquid, and as such it has typically bodily characteristics: colour, temperaturę and weight.

„A Tobie? Ile brakuje do szczęścia?”. O socjalizacyjnych możliwościach reklamy

Author(s): Emilia Bańczyk (Kałuzińska) / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In this text Emilia Kałuzińska is trying to reconstruct socializing offer of advertising. For this purpose, she analyzes the linguistic picture of the world in the spoken texts ads shown on children’s channel. High vocabulary attendance in the field of buying and selling contributes to extract CONSUMPTION AREA, among which stands out exposing of NEWNESS, as well as LOANS that are in commercials autotelic value.

„A wiosną – niechaj wiosnę, nie Polskę, zobaczę” – postawy młodego pokolenia literatów wobec odzyskania niepodległości

Author(s): Katarzyna Doliwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The aim of the paper is to present the artistic attitudes of the most outstanding Polish writers towards the newly regained independence. In the first years of independent Poland young artists carried out surprising postulate of the “great moralizer” Stefan Żeromski, who called for literature to be deprived of didactic functions. From that time on, the role of literature was not to serve the propagation of patriotism and raise young people, but rather to serve beauty and artistry and to praise what the writer recognized as beautiful or important. Literary work “has gone out into the street”- topics that were considered to be trivial but related to everyday life were raised, cabarets were created and happenings were multiplying. Unfortunately, Żeromski’s indications about the emancipation of literature from its moralistic function could only be applied in the first few years of the reborn Republic – history forced its creators to speak again on more important issues.

„A wonderfully good imitation of other occasions”, czyli o imitacji, tworzeniu i fatycznej funkcji języka w opowiadaniu Psychologia Katherine Mansfield

Author(s): Joanna Wawrzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XV/2013

The study focuses on Katherine Manfield’s short story entitled Psychology. A detailedanalysis and interpretation aim at clarification what is missing in the story, as while readingthe story one may feel the lack of something. The main character (“she”) has two guestswho are parallel to each other and thus the story can be divided into two parts. Thanks to thesecond visit (of her female friend) the main character regains the peace of mind, which wasruined by man’s (the first guest’s) deviating from the established code of conduct in theirrelationship. Definitely, in the text the dominating function is the phatic function of language.However, it does not work as an introduction to a conversation but it is the conversationitself. The story builds a world in which there is no real contact between the charactersand it may be interpreted as a reflection of a superfluous reading of a literary work of art. Nonetheless, the story invites the reader to the more careful reception of the literary text,paradoxically, by means of, among others, such a simple plot, a visible discrepancy betweenthe open dialogues and the utterances of “secret selves”, autothematic allusions and the lackof the diachronic dimension.

„Acta comparationis litterarum universarum”: prima revistă de literatură universală din lume

Author(s): Horst Fassel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (20)/2014

For 11 years, the first magazine of comparative literature in the world was published in Cluj. Professor Hugo Meltzl von Lomnitz (1846-1907), a former student in Heidelberg, Leipzig and Viena, together with Samuel Brassai edited this magazine, which , until today, has not been given any attention by any lexicographical work in Romania. This magazine is important without any doubt. Between 1877 and 1888 it published, in 21 languages, contributions coming from five continents. Meltzl succeeded to persuade 120 collaborators, many of them having an international reputation, to contribute to "Acta comparationis litterarum universarum" ( the magazine had this title beginning with 1880; until that year, it had a Hungarian title " Összehasonlitó Irodalomtörténeti Lapok ", 1877-1878 - as the main title out of the ones to be found in 11 languages). Every contributor had to be a polyglot , to have been the author of scientific works and translations as well. By means of the translations regularly published in the magazine, the research in comparativism widely enlarged, because of the examples translated from the literature of Europe and outside it. Rememoring the merits of this magazine aims at its being included in the national and universal lexicographical preoccupations.

„Adamie, przyjmij promieniowanie ojcostwa, Adamie - stań się dzieckiem”

Studium dramatu Karola Wojtyły pt. "Promieniowanie ojcostwa"

Author(s): Emanuela Bednarczyk-Stefaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The article presents a study of Karol Wojtyla's drama entitled Radiation of Fatherhood. It is an attempt to penetrate and describe the inner experiences of the main hero Adam and other literary characters in accordance with the phenomeno- logical method used by the author himself. This method consists in accessing the protagonist's thoughts and the state of his consciousness and self-awareness in order to present the reflections he has made while getting to know himself and others as well as to show how the speaking subject internalises the content that he learns. The statement of the mystery's protagonist: ‘For many years I have lived like a man exiled from my deeper personality yet condemned to probe it' is the starting point of the action outlined in the literary text. This statement allows of the thesis that Wojtyla meditates on how the hero is slowly becoming aware of the transcendent dimension of humanity lost from the field of view, the objective truth about the human person.

„Aer de diamant” și „zori de rubin”. Imaginarul mineral al lui Mihai Eminescu

Author(s): Giovanni Magliocco / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (26)/2017

In her essay Mihai Eminescu o dell’assoluto Rosa del Conte, reflecting on the chromatic sensibility of Mihai Eminescu, remarked that in modern literature only Charles Baudelaire could be placed next to the Romanian poet for his almost morbid passion for all glittering materials: metals, crystals, precious stones. In this contribution we propose to begin a systematic study of the Eminescian mineral imaginary by focusing our attention, this time, only on the “crystalline reveries”. By analyzing the symbolic valorizations of the crystal, considered in all the hypostases disseminated in the Eminescian texts (diamond, emerald, ruby, sapphire, pearl), we will show that for Eminescu the crystal does not represent only the image of a world in the world containing individual destiny, but also a “space-light” which, in its inorganic fixity and imperishable stability, materializes an “oneiric space-time” of eternity.

„Ale jaki to człowiek stylowy! […] zginął, aż ziemia zadrżała”. Dwa polskie samobójstwa: Wołodyjowski – Wokulski

Author(s): Dorota Samborska-Kukuć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

There is more to the literary polemic between the author of "The Doll" and the creator of "The Trilogy" than merely Prus’ contradictory review of Sienkiewicz’s "With Fire and Sword". It also includes "The Doll’s" multifarious allusiveness to "Fire in the Steppe", manifested in particular in the meaningful, symbolic ending, whereby both protagonists blow themselves up, literally and metaphorically cornered in old buildings. Prus converses with Sienkiewicz in a discreet manner, though the careful reader will spot contentious issues. These include the struggle for a different type of protagonist – not a hero, but an individual entangled in romantic myths, paralysing their life forces; a different perception of the past, rational and fair rather than glorified and martyrological; finally, a different outlook on the present and the future, promoting entrepreneurship and economy as tools for the development of Poland as a European partner, rather than the idealistic focus on the utopian, foregone concepts of military achievements. The text highlights the similarities in the characters of Wokulski and Wołodyjowski, with special emphasis on the final scenes and the demise of the world after the protagonists’ respective disappearance. The two famous literary suicides, patterning after the deed of Ordon as depicted in Mickiewicz’s poem, have been parodied (e.g. by Mrożek) and adopted, thus becoming literary weapons in the struggle with the Polish mythopoeia, xenophobia, and exaggerated patriotism.

„Alfurkan tatarski” Piotra Czyżewskiego – opis zabytku (grafia z elementami fonetyki)

Author(s): Anetta Luto-Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2015

This article discusses Alfurkan tatarski [Tartar Al Furqan] published by Piotr Czyżewski in 1617, which probably is the second expanded edition of the work. Based upon analysis of two copies of this early printing work, it presents some graphic features of the book. Phonetic and dialectal phenomena, which allow us to draw conclusions about the nature of the author’s language and its regional features, remain in close association with some of the print’s graphic elements.

„Alle Revolutionen kommen aus dem Magen“ – digital turn und sein Einfluss auf die Textsorte ‚Restaurantbewertung‘

Author(s): Karolina Waliszewska / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2018

As a result of the so-called digital revolution – or digital turn – and the increasing mediatization of our everyday culture, valuable public communication channels are created on the Internet for almost every aspect of life, including gastronomy. The aim of this article is to present the changes digitisation has brought to broadly defined restaurant criticism – no longer limited to experts and open to laypersons. Our attention is focused on the emergence of a new communication practice – the “restaurant review”, which should be seen as an independent and legitimate form of restaurant criticism. This research is based on restaurant reviews collected between July 2018 and January 2019 and published on international hotel and restaurant rating portals TripAdvisor and Yelp Inc. Qualitative analysis of the research material was carried out with MAXQDA software and systematised using discourse analysis.

„ALTWERDEN" ALS THEMENWAHL ZWEI GEGENWÄRTIGER DEUTSCHER AUTOREN VARIANTEN, MÖGLICHKEITEN, PROBLEME

Author(s): Kalina Minkova / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2010

The article deals with the theme of old age and the collision between old age and youth in the novels of Annette Pehnt and Daniel Kehlmann.

„Amerykańskie Wilno”. O przyrodniczych zamiłowaniach Tymoteusza Karpowicza

Author(s): Magdalena Kokoszka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (10)/2017

The author of the article compares the writer‘s poetic and horticultural activity. She is interested in Vilnius heritage (especially that connected with Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł), which shaped the natural sensitivity of the poet, and the famed home garden at Oak Park (the suburbs of Chicago), or, as Ryszard Sawicki suggested, Karpowicz’s “American Wilno”. The author of the text asks about the discord between the consciously worked-out lack of sensuality of the poet‘s poems and the sensual richness of the gardener who describes his attitude to nature in interviews and letters. She also propounds the thesis that Karpowicz’s poetry can be interpreted as a conceptual escape from the garden and sensuality, from the imposing and never overstretched nature of nature, and from this perspective it may be viewed also as yet another form of Karpowicz’s “creative negation”. Karpowicz-creator breaks with referentiality embedded in a concrete, sensual experience; he shifts attention from what is found to what is potential. He does not seem to think back to the “place on Earth”; he rather actively creates its own “place in existence”. He creates it − like his “American Vilnius” – from scratch.

„Anchetatorul fals serafic”, „torționarul robot” și „torționarul fanatic”- tripla proiecție a terorii în romanul exilului eliadesc

Author(s): Mihaela Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2016

In the aftermath of World War II, the Eastern European cultural space is dominated and controlled by the Stalinist ideology of the communist regime. Postwar Romania is, consequently, profoundly traumatised by the repressive apparatus of this totalitarian regime, whose quintessence was the myth of Securitate – an occult, all-powerful organisation manipulating the individual and collective consciousness.Taking advantage of his condition as an exiled writer, Mircea Eliade publishes in 1955 the novel Noaptea de Sânziene (The Forbidden Forest), a vast historical fresco of the interwar and postwar Romania, in which he infiltrates the character of the Securitate officer in a literaturised form, through the image of “the robotic tormentor”, face to face with “the fanatic tormentor”, both doubled by the image of the “deceptively seraphic investigator” who inquiries into the case of the failure defector, the philosophy teacher Petre Biriș.

„Angosta”: el miedo de todos los miedos

Author(s): Adriana Sara Jastrzębska / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2016

The crime novel, which in modern literature has become a kind of a new social novel dealing with topics such as different expressions of violence, crime or corrupt societies, is hardly ever separated from its true realistic and urban Aesthetics. However, in order to build a scenario of a noir novel and convey the air of terror and threat, some authors resort to a repertoire of narrative aspects typical for a horror story, thus transforming the reality into a thriller or giving it some fantasy touch. The following article analyses the space configuration presented in “Angosta”, a novel by Colombian writer Héctor Abad Faciolince and it proposes to interpret the story as a sort of universalistic thriller in which various human fears of an era of globalism and late capitalism get together.

„Annales Budissinenses“ – nowe žórło k serbskim stawiznam zažneho nowowěka

Author(s): Madlena Malinkec / Language(s): Sorbian languages Issue: 2/2016

The “Annales Budissinenses” represent an as yet unevaluated source for Sorbian histo- riography. The chronicle, which is preserved today in the diocesan archive of the Dres- den-Meißen bishopric in Bautzen, was recorded in the 16th Century by three scribes connected to the collegiate chapter of St Petri in Bautzen. The Sorbian cleric, Jurij Hawštyn Swětlik, made a partial copy in the 18th Century. The following thematic fields of the “Annales” are relevant for Sorbian history: 1. The “Annales” contain the oldest reliably dated sentence in the Upper Sorbian language, possibly the oldest documented Sorbian sentence ever. This is contained in an entry from the year 1534, in which building works for the tower of the Petri church are described. The Sorbian civil oath of Bautzen, which up until now has been thought to originate from before the Reformation or in 1532, is now regarded as a text which originated after the Reformation, in all probability some considerable time after 1532. 2. The “Annales” contain the names of four clerics who conducted pastoral care for Sorbs in Bautzen in the 16th Century.