“…and our study might therefore have been slightly underpowered”: A Cross-Linguistic Analysis of Hedging in English and Czech Medical Research Articles

Author(s): Jana Kozubíková Šandová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Attenuating devices are frequently employed in both spoken and written language to weaken the illocutionary force of utterances as well as their directness. In this way, they are associated with expressing linguistic politeness. In scientific discourse, hedges are largely used to express negative politeness since the authors aim to protect themselves against disapproving or critical remarks of text recipients. Linguistically, hedging devices are realised in various ways, e.g. as modal adverbs (possibly, perhaps, probably,…), modal adjectives (possible, (un)likely, probable,...), modal nouns (assumption, possibility, suggestion,…), modal verbs expressing possibility (might, could, would,…), epistemic verbs (assume, seem, appear, suggest,…), approximators such as approximately and roughly, etc. The aim of this paper is to analyse hedging devices in written academic discourse, in particular in English and Czech medical research papers published in medical journals with an impact factor, and compare them with respect to their types, occurrence and communicative functions they perform. In other words, to find out whether the pragmatics of hedging is or is not culture-specific. Hedging devices may be classified from various points of view. In this paper a modified version of Hyland’s taxonomy (1998) was adopted.

“По той бік…” “Жінки його мрії”

Author(s): Feliks Shteynbuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 96/2017

It is asserted that the works by Oles Ulianenko, the only laureate of the Small Shevchenko Award in Ukrainian literature history, are still on the periphery of literary research; the reasons of such indifference to the writer’s heritage are explained and an alternative corporal-mimetic variant for textual analysis of the novel “Woman of His Dreams” given as an example in comparison to existing research methods is suggested. It is proved that accumulation of horrors relating to numerous cruel deaths of marginal characters dialectically transform the obviously marginal character of these horrors into discourse formation seeking to fill existential emptiness. The correlate of emptiness is considered through the eastern approach, in particular the Buddhist one, so as the western philosophy, in the first place in M. Heidegger’s and H. Miller’s interpretations, so the conclusion is made according to which the primary author’s intention of O. Ulianenko despite the fact that he indeed, as he said in his interviews many times, wanted “…to frighten so that the man could understand how horrible it was if it happened”, and despite the fact that in fiction practice it was realized with a horror correlate – this intention has received a deeper artistic-aesthetic meaning through actualization of interrelated with it correlates of emptiness and monstrosity represented with the language considered by the Ukrainian writer as the only substance, which has acquired corporal features, belonging to absolute freedom; and in conclusion it is noted that on this side of “Woman of His Dreams” horrors rampage conditioned by marginal locus existence of the big city; but “on that side…” of “Woman of His Dreams” these horrors are ritualized by pseudo mystical images and due to the language, hence the monstrosity correlate as well, they fill emptiness with freedom formation and representation at the same time, first of all freedom as it is but also freedom from social, national, religious, sexual and other prejudices.

“Праўда часу” ў творах беларускiх пiсьменнiкаў 1930-х гадоў

Author(s): Anżeła Mielnikawa / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 7/2015

The author of the article analyzes the ways of description of the reality of the 1930s and the process of collectivization, which are reflected in works of Belarusian writers of the period. The researcher shows that Belarusian literature reflected the pernicious results of infringement and negligence of traditional moral values, and was able to depict ”the truth of the time”, the drama of the living in a new surrounding, the tragedy of peasants. Belarusian writers showed the process of forming the class of ”new people”, who are not sophisticated in moral relations, and moral degradation.

“Смерць” казкiў “Казках жыцця”: метамарфоза сюжэтнай структуры

Author(s): Nadzeâ Čukičova / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 7/2015

The article is dedicated to the study of plot-construction in allegoric novels of the cycle “Life’s Fairy Tales” by Yakub Kolas. Certain inner modifications and creative transformations of archetype plot “formulae” (mythological, folklore) as the result of breaking by the “life’s fairy tales” of the plot of its structural proto-bases, which is seen in the folklore fairy tale plot, are examined in the article. On the basis of the “morphological” analysis of the plots of the novels written by Kolas the issue is regarded about the authorial renewal of fairy tales’ archetypes in a literary plot, the conditional “death” of the structural fairy tale stereotype in this plot and the birth of the genre phenomenon of a “life’s fairy tale”.

“Съставен е уникален Ромско-Българско-Английски речник”

Author(s): Vladimir Toromanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 39-40/2005

“Троянда ритуального болю: роман про Василя Стефаника” Степана Процюка як метафізична модель біографії митця

Author(s): Тetyana Lyakh / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 90/2014

The article deals with the novel “The rose ritual of pain” by Stepan Protsyuk. This novel is examined as metaphysical model of the biography of artist. The metaphysical of Stepan Protsyuk’s fiction is primarily manifested by the existential states, when the person opens the “supersensual”, “divine being”. Consequently, the main points of metaphysical model of artist’s biografy features the existential states of Stefanyk’s life in it’s most intense moments. The depth of Stefanyk’s psychology is closely connected to the transcendental sphere that forms the metaphysical horizon of the novel. The basics of metaphysics forms the philosophical plane of the novel. So the problem that we research has to do more specifically with the philosophical expression. Philosophical and aesthetic approach to text analysis involves the use hermeneutical, comparative research methods. The spiritual concepts (emotional experience, solitude, creative imagination and others) are studied regarding the metaphysical nature of human being. The studying of novel “The rose ritual of pain” according to the metaphysical philosophy makes clear the Stefanyk’s creative phenomenon and the creative process in general. The article supplements the theoretical information about the art and biographical prose, explicates the new means of Ukrainian literature study according to the interdisciplinary research.

“Хамрыйят” Уладзiмiра Жылкi: кантэкстуальны ракурс

Author(s): Žanna Šaladonava / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 7/2015

The article deals with the semantics of the conception of wine as a manifestation of element of Dionis in the poetry of Vladimir Zhilka. Veins commensurate with the attributes of the bohemian life, a symbol of high truths, marks of the elevation above daily routine. Attention is paid to the author’s original interpretation of the conception and the inheritance of literary tradition, especially to Pushkin and Blok.

“Чуже” життя як інтертекст: античні біографії в українській інтерпретації

Author(s): Oksana Halchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 89/2014

The article analyses the main interpretation tendencies of the antique biographies in Ukrainian lyrics of 1920–1930s. The role of artistic connotations of someone else’s life in a force field of mature modernism has been studied, the typological characteristics of thede connotations have been discovered, those common for the symbolistic (Pavlo Tychyna) and neoclassic interpretation models of the antique text in partiqular (Eugen Malaniuk and “Kyiv” neoclassics). The dominant techniques and methods of integration of the antique biographies into the text have been revealed. They are citations, allusions, reminiscences, transformation of manes into images-symbols, adding to and transformation of traditional biography plots and so on. It was uncovered that historically real and literary-mythical antique characters of heroical andaesthetical types are the most often interpreted ones, with existential types to the lesser degree. The connection of principles of artistic interpretation of antique biographies with idea-aesthetical principles of creativity and worldview of a given author or tendency is emphasized. Thus, appealing to the life facts of antique figures, Eugen Malaniuk creates his own historiosophical concept. In poetry by neoclassics the biography fragments figures of the antique culture are replicated, thus the type “culturetrigger” prevails. The disappointed tragical “hero” prevail in symbolists’ works. Moreover, in Tychyna’s works “biography” of the myth figure transformation as well as rethinking of the antique concept of “heroic”. In general antique biographies play appeal, expressive, abstract and poetic functions that are inherent to intertext.

“Эпос древности и средневековья”

Author(s): Mariana Ninova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2012

”... Ruptă rumânescă, ț-am spus...”

Author(s): Otilia Hedeșan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05/2016

”Adaptarea speciei umane la umaniști lasă de dorit”

Author(s): Cristian Pătrăşconiu,Călin-Andrei Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 08/2016

”CĂLĂTORIA SPRE MINE ÎNSĂMI” – ILEANA MĂLĂNCIOIU

Author(s): Bianca Cruciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 07/2015

She is the voice of reality. Her creations are an authentic and real confesions.To understand Malancioiuřs poetry means to read, to think and to understand divinity and reality. She lives in/through her poetry. Her poetry definitions and coordonations: Life, Divinity, Death, Hope, Life.

”CALENDARUL MUREȘULUI” – INSTRUMENT OF IDENTITY AND RELIGIOUS-MORAL FORMATION FOR THE ROMANIANS ON THE MUREȘ VALLEY

Author(s): Antonina Silvia Frandeş (Andone) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 05/2014

”Calendarul Mureşului” is one of the numerous religious calendars that circulated on the Mureş Valley in the inter-war period. It was a local initiative of Dumitru Antal, the orthodox local rector of Reghin between 1925 and 1927. He considered it an instrument through which he could directly educate his believers.The main themes treated in his articles are connected to national identity and moral life. The highly number of articles dedicated to the fight againt alcoholism proves on the one hand the gravity of the problem and on the other hand the Orthodox Church’ desire of saving its believers from the „claws”of this scourge. Having in view the ideea that the majority of the villagers could hardly read and had no experience with sophisticated texts, the editor of the calendar chose as a main literary form the story or other literary genres inspired by the folklore.

”Cea mai grea noapte din viață ”

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Author(s): Ana Blandiana / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2019

The text presents an autobiographical event in Ana Blandiana s literary career, the moment when her name was on the list as a candidate to the title of president of PEN International.

”Impresiuni personale”/ Muzeul limbii române

Author(s): Alexandru Ruja / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 04/2017

”Nuestra lengua escrita de cada día”. En torno a Noticias del reino de Cervantes

Author(s): Elisa Moriano Morales / Language(s): Issue: 53/2015

Gregorio Salvador analyses the expansion and the problems of Spanish in El Reino de Cervantes, in which he presents the situation of the Spanish language, the dimensions and peculiarities of this period. By means of various articles, the scholar highlights its orthographic rationality and the fact that it is the most united language of the great ones, without unintelligible dialect variants and very clear from a phonetic point of view.

”Prevođenje kao metafora”

Author(s): António Sousa Ribeiro / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13-14/2004

How does translation affect and change our notions of multiculturalism and cultural identity? The field of translation studies has come a long way in the past two decades from the margins of the linguistics department to today's central position in the field of cultural studies and critical theory. António Sousa Ribeiro traces how translation has become a fundamental and dominant metaphor for our time and how the act of translation has wider repercussions on our notions of multiculturalism, identity and cultural practices. On the basis of this, Ribeiro sketches out how translation can provide for "mutual intelligibility without sacrificing difference in the interest of blind assimilation". This text is an extended and revised edition of a talk held at the 16th Meeting of Cultural Journals in Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro entitled Europe and the Balkans: Politics of Translation 24-27 October 2003.

”Să scrii e ca și cum ai face o transfuzie de sânge”

Author(s): Cristian Pătrăşconiu,Mihail Șișkin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 08/2018

”TERRA ROMENA”

Author(s): Lorenzo Renzi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2013

The article discusses a theme that has always seemed of great interest and has been discussed by many other researchers in Romania and abroad, namely the first documents about the Romanian people, the name by which it was called and possibly the mention of its Roman origin. The article focuses on similarities between Romanian and Italian constructions, Latin influences and concludes by pointing out to s specific and rare trait of the Romanian language morphology.

”TOMIS” IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMERCIAL RELATIONS FROM THE EASTERN MEDITERANIAN (I-IV CENTURY A.C.)

Author(s): Monica-Luminița LĂU COZMEI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 06/2015

“Tomis in the context of trade relations in the Eastern Mediterranean, I-IV AD”, during its most flourishing economical and trade period among the Greek cities. The aim of the city of Tomis is to become valuable as a key fortress city, among the North Pontic area, Minor Asia and Asia. I dealt with a few aspects regarding the geographical area of Dobrogea in general, and the area of Tomis, in particular, its great importance in the development of the city and its historic importance, and very briefly, the history of epigraphy. The Romanization factors, with nuances specific to this space, the interests of the Empire, the way of imposing them, the change of the status of the province over the centuries, according to all the factors taken into consideration, will be the subject of my PhD thesis, where I inserted a few general considerations for the sub-chapter, “The historical and geographical area”. Epigraphy is the science based on arguments, from the scientific point of view of the theory of ancient history. The discoveries about Tomis have double value: they support their veracity and fill in the existing gaps at the same time. The enumeration of several well known historians, founders of the Romanian epigraphy and foreign precursors whose work was remarkable, was the subject of separate reference. All these taken into accout, during the thesis, I will emphasize the idea of Romanization in many aspects that result from this historical phenomenon.