„Lupul din Țara Huțulilor” de Mircea Streinul și extremismul stereotipic în cadrul grupului etnic Huțul din Bucovina

Author(s): Constantin-Andrei Pătrăuceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

The Hutsul minority from Bukovina represents an area of interest for researchers from several points of view: historical, literary, linguistic, ethno-folkloric. The present study is an analysis of the cultural extremism that appears in the relationship between Romanians and the Hutsuls, but also within the Hutsuls society, known as an isolated, conservative group and preserver of old traditions and rituals. Due to the fact that stereotypes about the features of a collectivity were constantly developed in the collective mind of the archaic world, they eventually led to the formation of sometimes false ideas or prejudices by which ethnic communities lived in conflict. Mircea Streinul is a writer from Bukovina who in the novel The Wolf from Hutsul Land (Lupul din Țara Huțulilor) presents the ethnic specificity of the Hutsuls group and analyzes the mythical valences of an archaic civilization that manifests through an extremist identity, with its own laws, without subordinating to anyone.

Analýza čtenářských dovedností žáků se specifickými poruchami učení

Author(s): Renata Kovářová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The article presents partial findings of the grant project TAČR TL03000259 Development of a reading comprehension diagnostics battery for 2nd grade elementary school students. The first part of the article briefly introduces the project and its implementation. The second part analyzes the comprehension level of pupils in the 6th - 8th grade of three different primary schools. The research sample consisting of 58 pupils was presented with new diagnostics texts. In the texts, basic factors such as reading time, error rate, error correction, and text comprehension were monitored. In more detail, the level of comprehension was examined in four stages (information retrieval, inference drawing, text interpretation and text evaluation). The obtained results were subsequently evaluated in both quantitative and qualitative terms.

ON MIGRATION, HIĞRA, IN AL-FĀRĀBĪ’S MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Author(s): Grete Tartler Tabarasi,Grete Tartler / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 15/2015

Contemporary debates on the increasing role of migration are seldom seeing this as a question of ethics and a religious duty. My article intents to point out the religious motivation of migration, as mentioned inal-Fārābī‟s Fuṣūl al-madanī (The Aphorisms of the Stateman). The Medieval political philosopher is using theword hiğra in its classical meaning (from the times of the Prophet), connecting it with war and the qualities ofthe city‟s chief (king, philosopher and warrior). It is a virtuous man‟s duty to leave a corrupt city for a virtuousone, otherwise he will feel like a “stranger in this world” (ġarīb fī l-dunyā); migration being thus seen also in terms of methaphysical survival.

CONCEPTUAL ORIENTATIONAL METAPHORS OF THE “HEAD” IN LITERARY ARABIC

Author(s): Ovidiu Pietrăreanu / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 15/2015

The present paper deals with metaphorical expressions containing the name of the “head” (ra’s) in Literary Arabic, in an attempt to assess the part played by the conceptual metaphors they reflect within the wider frame of metaphorical conceptualization. The starting point is represented by the statements made by George Lakoff about metaphors involving names of body parts in his work Metaphors We Live By (1980), where these metaphors are deemed to be rather modestly representative for conceptual metaphor and, moreover, to reflect a generally nonsystematic conceptualization of different notions in terms of the human body. The material we have examined suggests that, while it is true that metaphors involving the head in Literary Arabic are, just as in English, nonsystematic inasmuch as they are not part of a broader conceptualization process of the notions in questions based on the human body and its parts, it is also highly likely that these metaphors, when the notions are abstract or have a referent lacking clear cut physical boundaries, acquire an orientational nature and thus contribute to the systematicity of metaphors pertaining to this type.

المعجم ثنائي اللغة في التراث العربي الإدراك للسان الأتراك لأبي حيان الأندلسي نموذجًا

Author(s): Muntasir Amin Abderrahim / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 15/2015

This study is based on the analysis of 'Abu Hayyan al Andalusı's Kitab al-'idrak li-lisan al-'Atrak asthe first bilingual dictionary in Arabic tradition. It describes its structures (Megastructure and Microstructure)and the sources on which it depends and shows the microstructure information. Then we shall discuss the particularities of its method which can be a fruitful source for modern bilingual Arabic dictionaries.

Юлиуш Словацки. Генезис от Духа

Author(s): Juliusz Słowacki / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2022

Translation from Polish by Dimitrina Hamze

КЊИЖЕВНИ ТЕКСТ И ВРЕДНОСТИ КОЈЕ ПРУЖА У ПРЕДШКОЛСКОМ ВАСПИТАЊУ И ОБРАЗОВАЊУ

Author(s): Lola Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

The objective of this work is to unravel the values that certain artworks provide in the function of children wellbeing. A model of methodological analysis of a text is provided, which can be independently used by students and pre-school teachers when working with literary pieces. How to read literary pieces for children is the main objective, as only with a proper literary analysis of a chosen text can the teacher reach the full potential of nurturing children wellbeing through an incentive text. One of the main goals of the new pre-school programs is achieving a platform for wellbeing of a child, and particularly through value system that literary piece offers is the extent of wellbeing promoted. The materials chosen were among those used by students in the exercise room during the summer semester. Two fairytales were chosen: The small pepper, as a typical example of the oral fairytale tradition - and Princess in a paper bag, as a particular anti-fairytale answer to the traditional, but also the classical author signed fairytale.

Da damigella a uomo in pericolo: gotico tradizionale nel romanzo L'incanto del pesce luna

Author(s): Miona Dinić / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2024

Ade Zeno's novel L'incanto del pesce luna (The Enchantment of the Sunfish) reinvents the characteristics of traditional Gothic fiction within a contemporary context. Zeno adopts the well-known literary trope of a damsel in distress and reworks it by introducing the figure of the (female) vampire as a menacing element. Thus, he creates a narrative that blends supernatural elements with a disquieting yet recognisable reality. This article will analyse how Ade Zeno employs certain traditional Gothic elements within a contemporary setting while simultaneously exploring the concept of the monstrous. A general introduction to Gothic literature is provided, followed by a summary of the novel, and then a comparison of the Gothic elements with their traditional origins is conducted. Zeno's work offers a profound reflection on the delicate boundary between humanity and monstrosity, challenging conventional concepts of morality and identity. In addition to the Gothic elements, the narrative exposes the hypocrisy and immorality of human beings, suggesting that the distinction between humanity and monstrosity is not as clear-cut as commonly believed. Through a skilful manipulation of Gothic elements, Ade Zeno prompts critical reflection on the complex nature of humanity and the ambiguous moral dimensions that characterise its existence. L'incanto del pesce luna emerges not only as a contemporary Gothic novel but also as a challenge to the conventional perception of what constitutes true monstrosity, delving into the depths of the human psyche.

Рецензия на монографиs: Стойкова Надежда. Фатические единицы на этапе установления речевого контакта в русском и болгарском языках. – Шумен: УИ „Епископ Константин Преславски “, 2022. 225 с. ISBN: 978-619-201-623-4.

Author(s): Elena Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

К вопросу о системе текстов в учебнике по русскому языку как иностранному (уровень А1)

Author(s): Yulia Kapitanova,Olga Chubarova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

The paper discusses the possible approaches to creating texts and their organization in a textbook for foreign students who start to study the Russian language. The authors discuss the main genre features of educational texts, their main characteristics and principles that apply to the selection of such texts. They also establish a connection between the text genres and the typology of reader perception. The paper provides examples from the textbook “Hello, Russia!” („Zdravstvuj, Rossia!”), which is being prepared for publication.

Рецензия на колективна монография: Современные подходы к реализации воспитательного компонента содержания иноязычного образования. / Под ред. Д. К. Бартош, М. В. Беляевой, Е. Стояновой, М. В. Харламовой. Шумен: УИ „Епископ Константин Преславски “

Author(s): Tatyana Chalakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

МЕСТО ПРЕДМЕТА ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК И ЕНГЛЕСКИ ЈЕЗИК СТРУКЕ У ВИСОКОШКОЛСКОМ КУРИКУЛУМУ

Author(s): Svetlana Velimirac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

In higher education setting, foreign language is often singled out as a subject that has no distinct place in the curriculum. This paper examines the attitudes and motivation of students who learn English Language and English for Specific Purposes in Belgrade Polytechnics, College of Vocational Studies, searching to answer the question whether it is equally effective to learn English Language and English for Specific Purposes regardless of the place in the curriculum or year of studies when these subjects are introduced. A survey was carried out among the students of the Design Department of College of Vocational Studies - Belgrade Polytechnics, which established that students were aware of the importance of those subjects and the need to study them at the tertiary level of education, but also recognized different views about their place within the curriculum. Additionally, through survey we established if the students were aware of The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages levels and individual language proficiency. Examining students' attitudes and comparing the obtained results with existing theoretical, professional and pedagogical postulates point towards the direction in which we can further develop our existing curriculum and language teaching at tertiary vocational education level.

СТВАРАЛАЧКА НАСТАВА КРОЗ ИНТЕРАКТИВНО УЧЕЊЕ ЈЕЗИЧКИХ ФЕНОМЕНА

Author(s): Amela Malićević,Boško Lj. Milovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

The imperative of modern teaching is to enable students to reason, think critically, solve problems, and conclude. That is why the teacher must create a class in which he will allow students to independently, with their own engagement, achieve new grammatical knowledge. When the creative teaching of grammar is organized in the form of interactive learning, it certainly requires the use of methods, forms and techniques different from those that are predominantly used in more traditional classes. The teaching approach should be unique and always new. This paper contains an example of preparing a class in which creative teaching of grammatical phenomena is applied.

La letterarura bulgara nella luce del convegno internazionale “Le letterature slave nel XXI secolo tra regionalismi e globalizzazione”

Author(s): Tatyana Lekova / Language(s): Italian Issue: 4s/2024

THE “FEATURE POOL” HYPOTHESIS: THE CASE OF PIDGIN ARABIC

Author(s): Andrei A. Avram / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

The aim of the present paper is to assess the explanatory power of the ―Feature Pool‖ hypothesis (see e.g. Mufwene 2001, Aboh & Ansaldo 2006, Aboh 2009, Mufwene 2008, 2009, Aboh 2015) and its relevance to accounts of the emergence of pidgin languages. Proponents of the hypothesis at issue contend that the structures of these languages result from a process of competition and selection of features, driven by the following factors: syntax-discourse prominence, markedness/transparency, frequency, salience, and typological similarity. Four Arabic-lexifier pidgins constitute test cases for the evaluation of these claims. The varieties considered are Pidgin Madame, Romanian Pidgin Arabic, Jordanian Pidgin Arabic and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Developmentally, all these varieties are minimal pidgins/pre-pidgins. It is shown that their structures are not all amenable to admixture/hybridization obtaining from competition and selection of features found in the languages in the contact situation, i.e. Arabic, as the lexifier language, and the various substrate languages. Building up on criticism of the ―Feature Pool‖ hypothesis (McWhorter 2012, Plag 2013, Lefebvre 2015), it is therefore suggested that processes of considerable simplification must have also played a part in the emergence of the structures of Arabic-lexifier pidgins. Evidence in support of this account is adduced from work on the potential role of the Arabic Foreigner Talk register in the emergence of Pidgin Arabic (Avram 2018), the so-called ―Basic Variety‖ stage in adult second language acquisition (Klein & Perdue 1997), and the sociolinguistic correlates of simplicity (Trudgill 2011).

ANALYSIS OF ARABIC VARIETY IN ITALY: THE CASE OF IMMIGRANT RAPPERS

Author(s): Emanuela De Blasio,Ludovica Martini / Language(s): English,Arabic,Italian Issue: 21/2022

There are varieties of Arabic spoken by Arab immigrants, whose language has witnessed various changes. In particular, the sons of immigrants are marked by a dual component in their language: the native language and the target language. Many young second-generation rappers express themselves in their lyrics in the dialectal variant, the language of oral communication, sometimes marked by the influence of the target language. The texts are characterized by interfrastic and intrafrastic transglossia, a phenomenon typical of contact languages. One of the main characteristics of rap, which is based on lived experiences and reflects the surrounding reality, is that of spontaneity and this is also manifested in language.In Italy, pioneer of a rap characterized by a multilingualism is Zanko El-Arabe Blanco, of Syrian origin, who sings in Italian, Arabic and French. Other artists, mostly from North Africa, sing in different languages or alternate them within the same piece, through bilingual statements such as the Italian-Egyptian Amir Issaa, the Moroccan Maruego, the Maghrebizz group (whose Italian is marked by a strong Milanese accent) and the controversial Tunisian rapper Karkadan. Through the analysis of the texts of some rappers of Arab origin, mostly second-generation immigrants in Italy, it is possible to make considerations of a linguistic and socio-linguistic nature. These texts can represent sources that reveal a tendency in the language of youth and therefore can provide us with data on the evolution of the Arabic language in the specific context of immigration examined.

ON MORPHOSYNTACTIC FEATURES OF “URDUBIC”

Author(s): George Grigore,Gabriel Bițună / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

This study is an investigative approach, highlighting some linguistic features, on theautobiographical speech of a Pakistani worker, in a pidgin used in the Gulf countries, consisting of Arabicand Urdu elements, subsequently named Urdubic. The corpus we analyze for this study is the story of theaforementioned Pakistani worker, recounted in this variety of Pidgin Arabic. The morphosyntactic featuresidentified in the text sample confirm that it is a language system developed as the result of contact withArabic. However, it also shows that there are phonetic, lexical, as well as morphosyntactic features that havedeveloped internally so that this pidgin could be successfully used by its speakers for the communication ofnot only their immediate needs, but also many more intricate concepts.

WAS ʾILĀ A NOUN IN ARABIC GRAMMATICAL TRADITION?

Author(s): Almog Kasher / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

This article raises the possibility that several grammarians classified ʾilā as a noun (ism), at least in certain constructions. First, we discuss the view attributed by later grammarians to ʾAb Bakr Ibn al-ʾAnbārī, according to which ʾilā is a noun, as it may follow the preposition min. Secondly, we succinctly address Ibnal-Sarrāj‘s ascription to Sībawayhi of the classification of ʾilā under the nominal category of ẓurūf. Finally, and most importantly, we raise the possibility that ʾilā in the interjection (ism fiʿl) ʾilayka was categorized bySībawayhi as a noun. The discussion of ʾilayka in al-Kitāb as well as by later grammarians may shed some light on grammarians‘ conceptions of the noun-ness of the category of ism fiʿl.

THE USES OF SUBJECT PRONOUNS IN CLASSICAL ARABIC AND MODERN ARABIC DIALECTS

Author(s): Amal Zu'bi / Language(s): English,Arabic Issue: 21/2022

The present paper discusses the following question: What is the function of subject pronouns if the sentences have the same meaning with or without the pronoun? In this paper I propose that in modern Arabic dialects (henceforth MAD), subject pronouns do have a communicative function and their use or deletion is not a free choice made by the speaker. This paper shows that subject pronouns serve to preclude ambiguity. I found that in the perfect Classical Arabic (henceforth CA) and Qəltu dialects do not use a pronoun to avoid ambiguity for 1p.sg and 2p.m.sg because in these dialects there are two different forms for the two persons, i.e. there is no ambiguity and as a result there is no need for a pronoun. Unlike CA and Qəltu dialects, Galilean Arabic (henceforth GA) uses the pronoun to avoid ambiguity because in this dialect there is one form for 1p.sg and 2p.m.sg, i.e. ambiguity arises and there is a need for pronoun. In the imperfect CA, GA and Qəltu dialects have ambiguous forms for 2p.m.sg and 3p.f.sg. As a result, there is a need for a pronoun in order to avoid the ambiguity and resolve the problem. All of them have used the pronoun for this purpose: GA, Qəltu dialects and CA. In addition, I found that the pronoun is sometimes superfluous or has an emphasizing function in these dialects, but it is mandatory when there is an ambiguity to be resolved. These results confirm my hypothesis regarding the use and the function of the subject pronoun in MAD.

CENTRAL ASIAN ARABIC THROUGH COMPARATIVE SEMITIC LENSES: SOME FEATURES OF BUKHARAN ARABIC

Author(s): Hongwei Zhang / Language(s): English,Semitic (Other),Arabic Issue: 21/2022

On multiple occasions, Chikovani has advocated the key directions for research on Central Asian Arabic, the first and foremost being Central Asian Arabic‘s connection to other Semitic languages. This study investigates Bukharan Arabic in the comparative Semitic background and connects some of its features in phonology and morphosyntax, including the phonemes i and ō, the perfective participle, the V-final word order, the linker in and the ―Turkic genitive‖, to parallel phenomena in other Semitic languages. In contact situations like that of Central Asian Arabic, it is easy to attribute innovations to surrounding languages. But just as Cowan (1967) criticizes Fischer‘s (1961) phonological analysis, instead of simplistically resorting solely to contact factors, parallel developments could well reflect the Semitic potentials for historical developments which paved the way for those contact-induced changes.