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“Shqipëria” e Bukureshtit (1897-1899) për alfabetin e gjuhës shqipe
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“Shqipëria” e Bukureshtit (1897-1899) për alfabetin e gjuhës shqipe

Author(s): Tomor Osmani / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2007

Fondit të publicistikës shqiptare në fund të shekullit XIX iu shtua edhe një organ tjetër i ri me karakter politik dhe kulturor i shoqërisë “Dituria”, “Shqipëria” (1897-1899) numri i parë i së cilës u botua më 10 maj 1897 në Bukuresht. Kjo e përkohshme qarkulloi fillimisht një herë në javë dhe pastaj u bë e përdyjavshme. “Shqipëria” botohej në formën e një fletoreje nën drejtimin e një komiteti ku arkëtar për pajtimet ishte Vissar Dodani. Në ballë të saj janë vënë dy shprehje kuptimplota: njëra në shqip: Shpresa të ngjall, dëshpërimi të shuan dhe tjetra në frëngjisht: La langue est en realité l’homme même, që më vonë u zëvendësua me shprehjen Shqipëria e shqiptarëvet. Në këtë fletore Vissar Dodani ishte drejtuesi kryesor i saj. Në shkrimet që botoi, krahas emrit të tij, ai përdori disa pseudonime. “Ishte koha, shkruan Vehbi Bala, kur Vissar Dodani qëndronte në pozita atdhetare e nuk kishte ra vetë në tradhti, ashtu siç bani më vonë, kur pranoi protektoratin italian mbi vendin tonë.”1) Në këtë organ bashkëpunuan edhe shumë patriotë shqiptarë, si: Thoma Avrami, Loni Logori, Murat Toptani etj. Platforma e saj kishte si pikësynim që t’i shërbente ndërgjegjësimit të shqiptarëve në përpjekjet kundër pushtuesit osman,

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“Si tú no tocas la mía, yo no toco la tuya”: 
inadecuaciones pragmáticas de brasileños en español

“Si tú no tocas la mía, yo no toco la tuya”: inadecuaciones pragmáticas de brasileños en español

Author(s): Javier Martín Salcedo / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 26/2018

This text aims to discuss from a contrastive and intercultural perspective some of the most frequent pragmatic inadequacies in the interactions between Spaniards and Brazilians, observing how they produce misunderstandings in communication, because their effects of meaning are not those expected by the issuer, nor by the receiver. For this, we will review some concepts that we consider basic in the teaching of foreign languages in relation to the influence of culture in the language and the pragmatic uses of each language. The corpus of this research comes from the observation of the main pragmatic interferences between Spaniards and Brazilians. As a sample of our study, we will analyze a pragmatic interference, among others, for four interviews of Brazilian soccer players residing in Spain.

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“Someone I’ve Been Watching for Awhile”. Selected linguistic and semantic problems in English and Spanish translations of Wisława Szymborska’s poem Ktoś, kogo obserwuję od pewnego czasu

“Someone I’ve Been Watching for Awhile”. Selected linguistic and semantic problems in English and Spanish translations of Wisława Szymborska’s poem Ktoś, kogo obserwuję od pewnego czasu

Author(s): Magdalena Okła / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2017

This paper aims at identifying the most important aspects of Wisława Szymborska’s poem Ktoś, kogo obserwuję od pewnego czasu that should be preserved in the translation and then reflecting on how those aspects were rendered in the English and Spanish translations. By comparing and contrasting two translations not only with the original but also with each other the author attempts to answer the question what strategies are used and whether the similar translation strategies can be used in different languages. Furthermore, to what extent the use of a particular strategy is determined by the requirements of a target language or depends on the translator’s choice.

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“Soot and Drops of Water”: Particulate Atmospherics and Redundancy in The Secret Agent

“Soot and Drops of Water”: Particulate Atmospherics and Redundancy in The Secret Agent

Author(s): Brendan Kavanagh / Language(s): English Issue: X/2015

This paper examines the saturation of redundant particulates (such as fog, soot, dust and mist) and redundant sign systems in the atmospherics of The Secret Agent, while taking into account late Victorian responses to London’s air pollution. Through applying the information theory concepts of redundancy and information carrying capacity, it extends J. Hillis Miller’s analysis of repetition in Conrad’s work and thereby examines how the text’s minimal redundancy of specific words serves to encode higher levels of significance. The paper demonstrates that The Secret Agent represents the particulate atmosphere of London as a media system, in that its patterned use of minimal redundancy serves to trace the stabilization of collective conditions of immersion in air and sign systems.

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“Stop the train and go thither”: Seeing the unseen in some of Vladimir Nabokov’s works

“Stop the train and go thither”: Seeing the unseen in some of Vladimir Nabokov’s works

Author(s): Rudolf Sárdi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Using trains has become an oft-recurring symbol in literary history and a somewhat invisible energising force in the works of authors. In Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, trains are seen as instruments of fate, the catastrophic accidents of which portend the heroine’s plot. The symbols of trains can be manifold: in literature, trains can be associated with optimism (for example, Arnold Munk’s The Little Engine That Could), but on the negative side, they are seen as instruments that ruin the landscape, exert damaging consequences on the city, and even cause social upheaval (for example, Elizabeth Gaskell’s Cranford).The aim of this paper is to explore the omnipresence of trains in some of Vladimir Nabokov’s works, who was known to have been infatuated with railroads and locomotives since his early childhood. Trains possess a variety of thematic functions in Nabokov’s works. In several instances, Nabokov uses trains to cast a nostalgic glance at his idyllic past and present a recollection of seemingly disjointed images in one still point in time. The concept of “cosmic synchronization” in Nabokov is always connected with moments of epiphany, during which bliss and freedom are experienced by his characters. In Glory, an early novel originally written in Russian, Nabokov reveals that trains are not simply objects of one’s youthful obsession and romantic glamour, but constitute a fundamental aspect of the hero’s life as an émigré, who must find a proper existence far from his roots. Similarly to the figure of the Wandering Jew, Nabokov also considers the train journey as an adequate locus for his emblematical migrant characters that are unable to settle down and find peace. In my analysis of “Cloud, Castle, Lake,” it will be claimed that the distance from and fleetingness with which the traveller perceives outside reality through his windows do not offer lasting contact with his surroundings. The landscape, the objects, and the people, which are left behind, remain unidentifiable and mysterious.Nabokov’s use of the trains and the metaphor of the journey are to portray how passengers are incarcerated in time despite their infinite progress through space, while trains also shed light on the alienation and dislocation of his protagonists, who are always on the move, either escaping from a force of circumstances (wars, revolutions, etc.) or embarking upon a quest for the unattainable. Whenever mention is made of trains, Nabokov subtly suffuses the whole story with the subliminal suggestion of the evanescence of life and the inevitable fate of loss and death. It will also be argued that the discovery of the landscape serves as a textual discovery, which, due to the train’s speed, can never be grasped in its entirety, and the fragmentation of the text brings no satisfaction both to the reader and the writer: memory thus becomes blurred and one’s holistic knowledge of existence eventually remains patchy. In this way, Nabokov uses trains differently from other authors less prone to highlight their importance in metaphysical ruminations and spiritual musings as Nabokov does. Throughout Nabokov’s works, the train and the railroad have become a functional and structural part of the plot and narration.

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“The Bitter Smell of Tulips” (The speculative bubble in literature)

“The Bitter Smell of Tulips” (The speculative bubble in literature)

Author(s): Józef Maria Ruszar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

Zbigniew Herbert (one of the greatest poets in the twentieth century) graduated from Trade School (now the Cracow University of Economics). The fact can be seen in his work. In Herbert’s essays we find not only a wide range of economic problems, but the real passion with which the author describes the economic base of any civilization. Essayist takes care of micro-and macroeconomics. From the economic point of view, one of the most interesting essays is dedicated to sketch the phenomenon of the speculative bubble in 17th century Holland („Tulips smell bitter volume”). This paper is a fragment of the work in print: Józef Maria Ruszar, The Worn Profile of Roman Coins: Economy as a Literary Subject in the Works of Zbigniew Herbert (Wytarty profil rzymskich monet. Ekonomia jako temat literacki w twórczości Zbigniewa Herberta), JMR Transatlantyk, Biblioteka Pana Cogito, Kraków 2016.

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“THE BOOK OF WHISPERS” BY VARUJAN VOSGANIAN AS A LITERARY WAY OF UNDERSTANDING ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Author(s): Ivan Pilchin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The well-known novel “The Book of Whispers” (2009) by Varujan Vosganian is a relevant example of how different cultures, religions and traditions interact in different historical and geographical contexts. The presentation will refer to the way of combining in the novel the historical reality and literary fiction in order to highlight the tragic faith of the Armenian people in its interaction with the neighbor nations during the 20th century. The novel will be analyzed from the perspective of the intercultural theory and culture memory concepts and is attached to the 100 years anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. A particular point in the presentation will represent my own experience of translation of the novel in Russian language.

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“THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV” IN GERMAN TRANSLATIONS:
TRANSLATING THE RUSSIANNESS OF DOSTOYEVSKY’S STYLE

“THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV” IN GERMAN TRANSLATIONS: TRANSLATING THE RUSSIANNESS OF DOSTOYEVSKY’S STYLE

Author(s): Olga Korenevskaya / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2010

The article investigates the challenges of rendering the peculiarities of Dostoyevsky’s style linked to his philosophy of man and religious attitudes in four German translations of “The Brothers Karamazov”. The category of uncertainty is intrinsic to both Russian mentality and Dostoyevsky’s writing manner. However, the textual markers of uncertainty are perceived by German translators as essentially “foreign” and therefore may hinder the readers’ understanding. The paper reveals various approaches to conveying the desired semantic effect of uncertainty in the translations and points out problematic issues.

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“THE CASE OF THE MISSING PLUMS”

“THE CASE OF THE MISSING PLUMS”

Author(s): Dragoş Avădanei / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2016

From William Carlos Williamsř 1934 ŖThis Is Just to Sayŗ to Florence Williamsř ŖReplyŗŕthis is the Ŗinvestigativeŗ journey here, where travelling between high modernist poetry and the parodies that followed over the decades seems to have marked a certain evolution in American poetry. If parody may have appeared as a result of an exhaustion in the potentialities of the genre, then modernism and post-modernism may have also witnessed the exhaustion of parody itself; the now long announced end or death of literature cannot mean its alternative existence only as parody (though a form of literature itself).

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“The drunkenness of things being various”: symbols in Louis Macneice’s poetry of the 1930s

“The drunkenness of things being various”: symbols in Louis Macneice’s poetry of the 1930s

Author(s): Belgin Elbir / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2018

This article intends to examine the symbolic significance of the imagery and the form of the Anglo-Irish poet Louis MacNeice’s poetry of the 1930s in terms of certain characteristic aspects of his representation of his sense of personal and social crisis within the context of a turbulent historical period that covers the years leading up to the Second World War. The article argues that the terms of this representation are inseparable from Louis MacNeice’s concern with, and conception of, the nature of the art of poetry and his role as a poet. Hence, this study will investigate selected poems from the poet’s work during the 1930s in the light of his critical essays that explore and comment on his own as well as others’ work, at a time when the function of poetry in relation to historical and social dilemmas had become an issue of debate in literary circles.

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“The English have no respect for their language”: The paradox of the English stereotype in G. B. Shaw’s Pygmalion

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Ajtony / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

The paper discusses several hypostases of the English stereotype as revealed in the verbal behaviour of different characters in G. B. Shaw’s Pygmalion, concentrating especially on the interpersonal verbal encounters between Professor Higgins, Eliza Doolittle and Colonel Pickering and their environment. Starting from the theoretical premise that stereotypes are extendable forms of social cognition, the emergence of ethnic stereotypes is followed, as they unfold through conversational styles, forms of address and politeness strategies. The play is approached with the help of micro-sociolinguistic methods, focusing on face-to-face conversational interactions between characters. The conclusion of the article is that in Pygmalion some of the characters (the “conventional” ones) are biased by their English ethnicity, the Englishness of others (of the “creative” ones) is less foregrounded, it appears in several, paradoxically related forms, opening to the intertextual interpretation of the play, as acceptable.

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“THE EVALUATION OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION COMPETENCES IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE – SCHOOL PRIMARY CYCLE (EVRO-P3)”, 233-235 P.

“THE EVALUATION OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION COMPETENCES IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE – SCHOOL PRIMARY CYCLE (EVRO-P3)”, 233-235 P.

Author(s): Viorica Vesa-Florea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The work “The Evaluation of Writ-ten Communication Competences in Ro-manian Language – primary cycle (EVRO-P3)”, issued in Cluj-Napoca, at Casa Cărții de Știință Publishing House, 2015, of 232 pages, has as authors a group of experi-enced specialists in this field: Anamaria Radu, Ioana Sonea, Ștefania Tărău, under the coordination of Elena Platon.

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“THE IMAGINARY CHESS GAME” – THE RUSSIAN GIPSY AS AN IDEOLOGICAL PAWN IN THE SEVEN WHO WERE HANGED BY LEONID ANDREYEV

“THE IMAGINARY CHESS GAME” – THE RUSSIAN GIPSY AS AN IDEOLOGICAL PAWN IN THE SEVEN WHO WERE HANGED BY LEONID ANDREYEV

Author(s): Elena-Andreea Smedescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Articolul îşi propune să analizeze imaginea rromului ca instrument ideologic în literatură. Leonid Andreyev denunţă, în „The Seven Who Were Hanged”, crima „pedepsei capitale”. Obiectivul principal constă într-o analiză amănunţită a paradigmei ideologice de putere şi abuz. Pornind de la această premisă, am utilizat schema culturală a lui Appadurai, accentuând importanţa ideoscape-ului (mesajele ideologice). Dacă politica are o valenţă apolinică (i.e. sistemul luminos al umanismului), de asemenea, manifestă şi un trop dionisiac (i.e. actul de dreptate negativă şi control social). În acest ideoscape al lui Leonid Andreyev, rromul joacă rolul pionului. Tsiganok, rromul, cade în animalitate, dar îşi păstrează şiretenia şi umorul. Cu toate că nu este un rrom autentic, primindu-şi acest apelativ datorită asemănărilor fizice şi comportamentale cu un rrom, el este acela care demască adevărul din spatele ideologiei de putere. Leonid Andreyev creează „un joc imaginar de şah”, unde personajele sunt plasate în celulele de închisoare şi lăsate singure să înfrunte şi să lupte împotriva propriei umanităţi şi împotriva morţii iminente. Mai mult, personajele devin portrete literare ale autorului însuşi, care se ridică împotriva abuzului de putere. Am ales să-mi canalizez atenţia asupra rromului, deoarece, aşa cum Korney Chukovski mărturiseşte despre Andreyev, atunci când autorul a creat rromul, i-a preluat identitatea. Andreyev „devine ţigan, dând voce propriei căutări a libertăţii şi inteligenţei pline de viclenie” (White, 65). Prin personajul rrom, Leonid Andreyev leagă conştiinţa omului care a fost condamnat la moarte de conştiinţa societăţii care îşi asumă hybrisul de a decide soarta unei fiinţe umane.

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“THE LURE OF THE ISLAND”: THE WORKINGS OF POWER IN GOLDING’S LORD OF THE FLIES

“THE LURE OF THE ISLAND”: THE WORKINGS OF POWER IN GOLDING’S LORD OF THE FLIES

Author(s): Armela Panajoti / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2019

Featuring a group of stranded school boys, Golding’s Lord of the Flies is concerned with how social relations are established and ordered in the absence of civilization. In this paper, I will refer to the so-called “island lure”, to argue, in Foucauldian lines, how it constructs power relations and incites power struggles. I will try to prove that “power is everywhere”, that is, despite the authority of Ralph and Jack, power is owned by the individuals, the schoolboys, and is that which causes them to erupt in new behaviours, anarchic and savage.

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“The mind is the effect, not the cause” –
exploring consciousness in Nikesh Shukla’s Meatspace

“The mind is the effect, not the cause” – exploring consciousness in Nikesh Shukla’s Meatspace

Author(s): Piotr Czerwiński / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2017

In Meatspace, Nikesh Shukla depicts an individual totally immersed in the virtual space to the extent that the meatspace – the physical world, as opposed to the cyberspace – becomes of secondary importance. Consequently, the physical world interweaves with the virtual reality, which reflects the posthuman condition of the contemporary individuals. The posthuman view considers the material embodiment to be purely accidental, thus perceiving informational pattern rather than materiality as central to being. By discussing the concepts of the extended mind and the technological unconscious, this paper looks at how the narrative of the novel reflects the contemporary mind construed as a product of interaction between the individuals and their technological environments, exemplified by the technology of ubiquitous computing.

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“The more… the more” (an anonymous text)
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“The more… the more” (an anonymous text)

Author(s): Irena Raźny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Ćwiczenia oparte na wierszu The more… the more są adresowane do studentów kierunków humanistycznych. Sprawdzą się na filologiach, filozofii, socjologii, religioznawstwie, kulturoznawstwie itp.

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“THE NEW SENTIMENTAL EDUCATION” OR THE DARK PEDAGOGY OF THE COMMUNIST SECURITY

“THE NEW SENTIMENTAL EDUCATION” OR THE DARK PEDAGOGY OF THE COMMUNIST SECURITY

Author(s): Emanuela Ilie / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 08/2016

Taking into account Pierre Bourdieuřs reading of Gustave Flaubertřs ŖSentimental Educationŗ (from ŖThe Rules of Artŗ), our paper offers an analysis of one of the most intriguing Romanian novels centered on the communist regimeřs psychological effects on the intellectuals: ŖThe New Sentimental Educationŗ, written by Constantin Pricop, former Professor of Romanian literature at the ŖAlexandru Ioan Cuzaŗ University of Iaşi. More than his own biography, the literary historianřs areas of expertise Ŕ in particular, Ŗthe seduction of the ideologiesŗ, exerted not only in all sectors of everyday life, but also in the literary and critic fields Ŕ, helped him increase the novelist perspective, in order to propose an original, postmodern Ŗsentimental educationŗ, focused on the dark pedagogy of the Communist ŖSecurityŗ, as well as the survival solutions, yet possible for the intellectuals in the dark years of the communist Romania.

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“THE OUTLOOK THAT WOULD BE RIGHT.” WALLACE STEVENS’S CINEMATIC VISION

“THE OUTLOOK THAT WOULD BE RIGHT.” WALLACE STEVENS’S CINEMATIC VISION

Author(s): Octavian More / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

“The Outlook That Would Be Right.” Wallace Stevens’s Cinematic Vision. Drawing on the premise that a fundamental characteristic of modernist art is the convergence of various expressive and technical modes, this paper provides an examination of a selection of texts by Wallace Stevens in which the poetic vision and method intersect with the principles of cinematic montage, with a view to demonstrating the persistence throughout his oeuvre of a particular form of “sight”, employed for tackling a series of epistemological and aesthetic issues.

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“The Right Choice”: Introducing Black Youth’s Struggle as Protest in Katori Hall’s Hurt Village and Bola Agbaje’s Gone Too Far!

“The Right Choice”: Introducing Black Youth’s Struggle as Protest in Katori Hall’s Hurt Village and Bola Agbaje’s Gone Too Far!

Author(s): Ludmila Martanovschi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This study discusses the ways in which an African American playwright – KatoriHall – and a Black British playwright – Bola Agbaje – represent the obstacles young people face as they strive to make “the right choice” and not be put down by the places in which they live: a housing project in Memphis, Tennessee, and a council estate in London.The demonstration shows that both female authors, born in 1981, create forms of protest theatre since they explore contemporary race and gender issues in the American and British communities they tackle, insightfully pointing to problematic aspects, but capitalizing on hope, the potential for self-fulfillment and confidence in the youth’s future.In Hurt Village (2007), Katori Hall’s young protagonist is a thirteen-year-old girl, Cookie,who resists following the route of her predecessors and even her peers. In Gone Too Far!(2007), Bola Agbaje captures the troubles of two teenage brothers, Yemi and Ikudayisi, as they interact with each other and other people in their neighborhood.

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“THE ROMANIAN POSTMODERNISM”: DICHOTOMIES UNDER DEBATE

“THE ROMANIAN POSTMODERNISM”: DICHOTOMIES UNDER DEBATE

Author(s): Bogdan Raţiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 06/2015

In this study we propose to debate some problems raised by the volume Romanian Postmodernism written by Mircea Cărtărescu: which is the motivation behind the binary approach of the critical text, a reproach brought by the majority of essayists; what are the dominants of the critical consciousness of the author; and, last but not least, how much of the postmodernism theorized in the volume can be applied in his creation, through the rationalimaginary dichotomy. We will bring into discussion the critical reception of the volume, but also some associations and differences with the other theories of postmodernism analysed in specialized literature.

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