We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The article debates upon the path of Aurel Pantea's poetical becoming. The author argues that Panteařs writing, initially based on anguish and spasm, uses the nothingness as a drug and pozitivizes the funeral elements. However lamented they become, Panteařs poetic reports reveal the equivalence of the existence with suffering, discovering, under the layer of existential fears, the tenderness of dreadfulness.
More...
The contradiction of causality, the rejection of metaphor or the accentuation of the role played by the dynamics of the visual, through which space and time are able to undermine their autonomy, building a beneficial ambivalence, represent other features of oneirism that are found in Mazilescu's poetry. The duplication of the self is frequently attended by a programmatic ambiguity through which the initiatic descends in the inferno of the subconscious are precisely noted, the hallucinatory perception leading to an operation of refinement, revealing the meaning or of subtle, refined and skeptical drawing of emotions.
More...
In the present article we aim to underline the necessity to master the vocabulary of a foreign language to the extent to which it does not backfire, due to uninspired usage of words that might appear, at first sight to be friendly but, which are, actually not just that. They are the well-known 'false friends', to be handled with care. Therefore, we intend to understand the strategies used by translators in order to cope with them in a translation. However, we are going to briefly present a succinct overview of the matter, just enough to draw a general outline intended to support our concern
More...
The year 1977, nicknamed human rights, meant for Romania the exit from the deafeningsilence of conformity. The writer Paul Goma was the only one who publicly expressed solidaritywith Charter 77 from Czechoslovakia, initiating a Human Rights Movement. The intellectuals, withtwo exceptions, did not join. The present study tries to explain why romanian intellectuals did notshow solidarity with the human rights movement, in a year in which almost all the countries in theSoviet block were moving in this direction.
More...
This special issue of Jezikoslovlje presents a selection of papers on framing read at AELCO 2018: XIth International Conference of the Spanish Cognitive Linguistics Association, held in Córdoba, Spain, 17–19 October 2018. The theme session titled Framing the debate – cognitive linguistic tools in contemporary rhetorical methods of persuasion was organised by the editors of this special issue, Tanja Gradečak (University of Osijek) and Réka Benczes (Corvinus University of Budapest). The idea was to bring together scholars who would examine more systematically the role of traditional rhetorical devices as persuasive tools in the process of framing.
More...
Persian literature is a treasury of refined thoughts and poetic forms in collections of poems by great representatives of that literature, such as Hafiz, Sa‘di, Mevlana, Khayyam and Attar Neyshabouri. In addition to qasidas, ghazals and masnavis which abound in wise messages with a seal of great intellectual, philosophic and poetic figures, in this literature we also find rubaiyat, an original Persian poetic form, which, most probably, appeared for the first time in the collection of poems by Rudaki from Samarkand.Flowing from the pen of many poets, intellectuals, philosophers, theologians and gnostics, ruba‘i travelled from one reader to another, without any reference of its author’s poetic pseudonym, and carried the essences of thoughts of its authors, while being at the sametime often attributed to other poets. This paper presents the translation into Bosnian language of some twenty rubaiyat, upon which professional public agrees that they have originated from the pen of renowned Ibn Sina (Avicenna).
More...
The paper is a review of one of the most important philosophical studies in the history of Macedonian philosophy in general. The author of the three-volume philosophical work titled "Russian-Religious Philosophy", that is the subject of attention in this paper, is the prominent Macedonian professor, philosopher, writer and publicist Trajche Stojanov. In the first volume of this book, the author focuses on the contexts in which The Russian religious philosophy was born as well as some resulted phenomena associated with it. The second volume gives us a systematic review of the history of Russian religious-philosophical thought from its beginnings up to now ..The last volume is devoted to the central problems in The Russian religious philosophy and it is the key, as well as the most imperative and most complex problem and presents a synthesis of all previously stated. Russian religious-philosophical thought is specific, unique, dynamic, discreetly mystical and controversial, and therefore requires thorough and serious study and elaboration.Through a meticulous, recent approach and a high standard of scientific methodology, the author of this book offers us all relevant indicators, facts, positions and implications related to the Russian religious philosophy. By analyzing all that is significant in the Russian philosophy this work emphasizes the great importance of the Book of Trajche Stojanov.
More...
Les interférences linguistiques du français sur le slovaque analyses exolingual productions in Slovak from French native speakers. The analyze focuses on linguistic transfers phenomenon from the mother language and other languages, mainly from English, to a lesser extend from German and Spanish, to the target language on the verbal system. This book delivers interesting results for linguistics as well as for didactics of foreign languages. As regards the linguistics, the main results concern the constant interference of the mother language and the other languages mastered by speakers to the foreign language acquisition process. Regarding the didactic field, this book offers new approaches based on contrastive analysis between Slovak and the other languages from the linguistic repertoire of the learner.
More...
Assessing students’ progress and creating objective and reliable tests occupy an important place in the ELT sphere. This paper focuses on the analysis of the answers provided by a group of undergraduate students majoring in English. They responded to two grammar online tests assessing the knowledge of the verb tenses used in context. The analysis includes the comparison of the results obtained via the low-stakes test comprising fill-in type tasks, on the one hand, and the high-stakes test containing multiple-choice tasks on the other hand. This study aims at exploring which tense-related aspects the students find either the most or least demanding and whether there are similarities or differences in the outcomes gained from two different tests and task types. The findings show that the analyzed answers exhibit similar characteristics regardless of the format and type of testing. The pedagogical implications arising from this study point to the areas which could be improved in terms of specific uses of tenses in context.
More...
Vorliegender Beitrag untersucht inwieweit körperliche Aspekte in den deutschen Volksmärchen aus der Sammlung der Brüder Grimmhandlungsrelevant sind und wie ihr symbolischer Gehalt erschlossen werden kann. Es wird kurz auf die verschiedenen Interpretationsansätze eingegangen, wonach einige der für das gegebene Thema geeigneten Märchen besprochen werden. Es geht um körperliches Aussehen als Begründung für Gefühle wie Liebe oder Ablehnung, um nicht der Norm entsprechende Körper, um Verwandlung in einen Tierkörper und zurück und um die körperliche Überwindung der Grenze zwischen Leben und Tod.
More...
That children amuse can scarcely be denied, but on what terms they do so is an open question, as dependent on stimulus as on response. When a child paints a picture, one’s reaction may be to laugh derisively at their ineptitude, but more often will one smile indulgently at their curious vision of the world. As adults in gestation, do they not remain creditable in their struggles to imitate the grown-ups of whom they so often remain comical caricatures, they being, like every caricature, incongruous as at once like and unlike the thing they reflect? However to complete the fragile equation of incongruity plus pleasure equals humour, where do we find the bonus of pleasure which confirms children’s humorous quality? It may indeed lie in some mental triumph we achieve over them, but that seems a rare and, in many cases, unworthy reaction; proof if proof were needed that the aggressive theory of humour is at best partial.1 Are we laughing aggressively when Alice wonders what is the use of a book without any pictures or conversations? Surely it is more fruitful if not more appropriate to take her attitude on board and head off to Wonderland or through the looking glass with her as our guide, not our target.
More...
In the early 1980s a new joke cycle appeared in the USA, and has continued to flourish ever since. This is the lawyer joke cycle. The greatest anger and irritation in lawyer jokes is directed at the cost of lawsuits, the high income of lawyers, as well as their greed and stinginess, ignorance and skillful manipulation, corruption and dishonesty. In American lawyer jokes there is a long tradition of comparing lawyers to different animals, generally ones which are considered dangerous, poisonous or sly – all animals which have very negative connotations. It is not surprising that, among the parallels, one can find predators of different kinds, scavengers and parasites. The animals most frequently brought up in jokes as parallels to lawyers are sharks, vultures, tigers, snakes, foxes, ticks, leeches, and rats. The goal of this study is to concentrate only on a small segment of American lawyer jokes, namely, jokes in which lawyers are compared to animals.
More...
Hungarian humour went through significant changes in the 20th century. Though the urban middle-class way of living and culture had developed by the early 20th century, they had to coexist all over the country as well as in ethnic Hungarian territories abroad with the traditions of rural culture and folklore until the middle of the century (and, in locked-up areas, till the end of the century). Consequently, Hungarian humour is made up of two important layers of folklore: popular funny stories that have been developing among the peasantry for centuries, and jokes, a genre that emerged from urban oral culture in the last third of the 20th century. The dualism of folk-based and urban culture has been a decisive feature of Hungarian culture during the entire 20th century. Thus the question arises: more than a hundred years later, are there still any fundamental differences between the two types of humour in terms of their ways of thinking or their subject matter, or can we regard Hungarian humour as a unity? In this paper, we compare the thematic categories of popular and urban humour based on the analysis of two large collections. Next, we examine the popularity of major joke categories in Internet sources. Finally, we offer a brief introduction to the contemporary stock of Hungarian jokes by thematic groups.
More...
Ever since Felipe Calderón declared the war on drugs at the beginning of his presidency in 2006, violence has drastically permeated Mexican society. In this paper, I will focus on the different uses of dark humour and irony in the representation of the mutilated and abject body in contemporary Mexican culture, especially in literature. Therefore, I will take into consideration the Mexican tradition of humoristic approaches to death, which might seek a cathartic effect in dealing with violence and trauma. I will also link some grotesque representations of violence to the influence of “nouvelle violence” cinema, related to the films of Quentin Tarantino and Robert Rodríguez in the 1990s. I will show how irony is introduced as a critical tool that questions our consumption of violence as distant readers or spectators of the scene of crime.
More...
The objective of the present paper is to introduce a new analytical category for collections of autobiographical narratives, termed as “co-authorship in the background” (in Sylwester Dworacki’s translation: participatio cogitanda). A certain autobiographical utterance placed in a collection often gains characteristics which might not be considered primary (or could go unnoticed altogether) if it was a single, individual text. Therefore, it seems necessary to include in the process of analysis and interpretation all those who contributed to the collection’s meaning; among them, editors and political or religious decision-makers. Co-authorship in the background thus concerns two dimensions: an editorial board and a body of principals. The paper presents different possible roles played by co-authors in the background, drawing on the examples from German and Polish collections of autobiographical narrations.
More...
Proverbs have never been considered sacrosanct; on the contrary, they have frequently been used as satirical, ironic or humorous comments on a given situation. Wolfgang Mieder has coined the term “Antisprichwort” (anti-proverb) for such deliberate proverb innovations. There are a number of mechanisms of proverb variation (which are by no means mutually exclusive), e.g. adding a tail to the original text, replacing a single word, melting two proverbs, reversing word order, reversing sounds, and many others (on the most common types of alteration in Hungarian anti-proverbs, see Litovkina & Vargha 2012). Anti-proverbs may contain revealing social comments, but they may also be based on mere wordplay or puns, and they may very often be just a product generated solely for the goal of deriving play forms. When translated from one language to another, an anti-proverb might lose its message: the puns, parodies or wordplay characteristic of one language will seldom carry over successfully into another. The present article focuses on one of the most popular techniques of proverb variation, punning. After treating the most frequent types of punning in Hungarian anti-proverbs (paronyms and homonyms), we will briefly consider some other types of puns (puns playing upon personal names, splitting of one word into two, merging of two words into one, bilingual puns, double/triple puns, and repetitive puns). The anti-proverbs discussed in this article were recorded by Anna T. Litovkina and Katalin Vargha and come from their corpus of over 7,000 Hungarian anti-proverbs.
More...
This paper aims to investigate how power relationships operate in the language standardization field. To do this, a theoretical framework based on Michael Foucault’s and Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of power is applied to determine what power relationships are evident in the works on standardization abroad (as opposed to Lithuania) and the same framework is used to analyze qualitative interviews with Lithuanian copy editors in order to find out what position they occupy in the Lithuanian field of language standardization. It appears that whereas both higher education in general and specific linguistic expertise are required to gain power in the language standardization fields of the English-speaking countries, in Lithuania it is specifically the linguistic education and belonging to the state language committee that gives access to the power to generate knowledge and thus standardize language.
More...
Doskonały kancyonał polski (The Perfect Polish Cantional), a Protestant collection of songs and prayers containing Martin Luther's catechism was published in 1673. The cantional became very popular in Silesian Protestant circles; thus, it was reprinted repeatedly in the following years. It was prepared for printing by five pastors from Wrocław with a primary purpose to accompany its readers throughout the whole liturgical year, various holidays, rituals and important – sometimes difficult – moments. The popularity of the cantional lied in its content, especially in various songs and prayers, prepared in a way to be suitable for all circumstances. The article analyzes selected prayers from the series entitled: “Modlitwy nabożne, każdemu w rożnych Przygodach służące” (“Holy prayers serving everyone on various occasions”). These prayers can be described as adventurous, referring to human problems and everyday experiences. The language of individual prayers has been examined, as well as the frame of these texts. The following elements have been discussed in detail: the initial and the final components; the categories of the speaker and the addressee; the nominations of the addressees of requests; selected means of poetic expression, such as apostrophes and metaphors, as well as the functions they perform. The attention was also paid to numerous descriptions which are not components of an apostrophe. Individual requests included in the prayers analyzed were also discussed, as those components determine the internal structure of the text and constitute its key element. Rich vocabulary and an abundance of expressive forms affect the poetic expression of the occasional prayers in question. The texts become sophisticated dialogues between the speaker and the addressee, filled with emotion, zeal, commitment and authenticity of statements. The poetic nature of these works is evidenced by unusual, original metaphors and numerous comparisons. The peculiar prayers discussed in the article, intended to be used at specific moments in the life of every Christian, are a valuable specimen of religious literature in the Polish language of the 17th-century Silesia.
More...
This paper analyzes P.Oxy. XX 2247, which is attributed to Aeschylus on the paleographic basis. After a general presentation of the papyrus, a linguistic commentary is proposed, suggesting, where it is possible, some remarks and overall reconstruction of the context; moreover, we discuss elements that confirm the attribution of this work to Aeschylus.
More...
